Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: choices

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts with label choices. Show all posts
Showing posts with label choices. Show all posts

Thursday, May 21, 2026

RCN Congress: The Systems Table and the Missing Cog

Across two maillists: SDOH Social Determinants of Health and POHG Politics of Health Group a discussion and debate regards public health, longevity and policy, was provoked by a study:

'At least 80% responsibility for ill health in old age down to individual'

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2026/may/20/responsibility-ill-health-old-age-oxford-longevity-project-study

'... Individuals bear at least 80% of the responsibility for their ill health in old age, according to a report aimed at challenging the belief that physical decline is either inevitable or primarily the responsibility of the state.

The report, launched at the Smart Ageing Summit in Oxford last week, argues that individuals have far greater control over their longevity than is commonly understood. The authors call on the government to take legislative action on alcohol comparable to restrictions on smoking.

Living Longer, Better – the Oxford Longevity Project’s first Age-less report – was co-authored by an interdisciplinary panel of UK-based experts in medicine, physiology, ageing and education policy. It was sponsored by Oxford Healthspan.

The report’s authors, Sir Christopher Ball, Sir Muir Gray, Dr Paul Ch’en, Leslie Kenny and Prof Denis Noble, present the figure of 80% as a conservative estimate.

Ball, a 91-year-old former Parachute regiment officer who intends to reach 100, said: “Some have gone higher and said it’s approaching 90%. But I think 80% seems about fair.”The claim, however, has been described as simplistic and said to neglect wider arguments about whether people are genuinely in control of individual choices when it comes to issues including poverty, pollution and healthcare access.

Nancy Krieger, professor of social epidemiology at Harvard TH Chan school of public health, said: “The report is to be commended for rejecting genetic determinism but it problematically avoids engaging with the societal determination of health and health inequities; the role of work, economic deprivation and government policies that give corporations free rein to sell unhealthy products.”

Steven Woolf, professor of family medicine and population health and director of the Virginia Commonwealth University Center on Society and Health, agreed, saying the paper “ignores and oversimplifies the actual, multilayered root causes of the conditions that foster poor health in a population”.

Woolf added: “There are factors affecting health that are beyond personal choice. So while it’s good to give people clear guidance on how their choices affect their health, it’s taking policymakers and others off the hook.” ...'


This provides me with evidence (well it would - wouldn't it^) on the need for, the purposes, and applications of Hodges' model.

More philosophically (perhaps), I'm reminded of the work of several academics - thinkers, Michel Serres stands out for me. Serres felt that positional adverbs were important, e.g. between, above, and under.

He also wrote of life (as per many philosophers), and the universe e.g. his writings on Physics and Lucretius - as flow - a river.

For new life, the options are seemingly infinite, far, far upstream: at source - not recognisable even as a trickle... but soon a rivulet, a stream, a river of so many tributaries.

As we grow older we get closer to the sea (of the 'eternal'), the options open to us shrink gradually, but ultimately radically - inevitably.

But looking back the turbulence, uncertainty, unpredictability (trauma and joy), all contribute, not just to where we end (up) but how this came about.

Life's signature at death.

In "Hodges' Health Career Model" 'health career' refers specifically to the idea of life chances (of course) and how other careers, education, work, retirement, caring (self - others - planet) .. are impacted through life and death's course.

This morning at RCN Congress, Liverpool (the home of District Nursing) there was discussion re. nurses being engaged in preparation for the next pandemic.

So often 'Nursing' is absent from the POLITICAL / POLICY table:

Speaking for myself, nursing is not interested in the four-course meal, but being involved and engaged in the after dinner discourse can be critical.

Politicians, policy makers, business, management consultants and lobbyists are so quick to point to and extol the 'SYSTEMS' perspective, and the need for 'systems thinking'.

Guilty of systemic neglect, they clearly have no idea of what a system is, an inability to appreciate and apprehend scope, scale and the 'whole'.

In mitigation (or not), for all groups: voice matters. Especially the voices of foresight, balance, advocacy, Their ability to ascend always proves an issue. 

Related papers listed in the sidebar:

Jones, P. (2008) Exploring Serres’ Atlas, Hodges’ Knowledge Domains and the Fusion of Informatics and Cultural Horizons, IN Kidd, T., Chen, I. (Eds.) Social Information Technology Connecting Society and Cultural Issues, Idea Group Publishing, Inc. Chap. 7, pp. 96-109.

Jones, P. (2009) Socio-Technical Structures, the Scope of Informatics and Hodges’ model, IN, Staudinger, R., Ostermann, H., Bettina Staudinger, B. (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Nursing Informatics and Socio-Technical Structures, Idea Group Publishing, Inc. Chap. 11, pp. 160-174.

Jones, P. (2012). Exploring several dimensions of local, global and glocal using the generic conceptual framework Hodges's model. The Journal Of Community Informatics. 8(3). Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/3794699/Reflecting_on_the_glocal_through_the_conceptual_framework_of_Hodges_s_model

^Because these days you need to make every kernel - found or created on the continuum of evidence - count.

Previously: 'life chances' : 'health career' : 'Serres' : 'APPGs'

Liverpool, UK. RCN Congress 2026 - 
n.b. See you in Liverpool 2027?

Sunday, December 10, 2023

Tower blocks: Challenge young and older - Courtesy the Artist © Stephen Willats (Revisited)

LIVING WITH PRACTICAL REALITIES, 1978

"Stephen Willats aimed to explore the realities of living in a British tower block. The work centres on Mrs Moran, an elderly woman who lived at Skeffington Court in Hayes, West London. Willats photographed and interviewed Mrs Moran over the course of six months. The text in the work is based on these interviews. In his composition, Willats highlights the physical, social and economic constraints that she faced. Each panel also features a question. These invite the viewer to participate directly in Mrs Moran’s lived experiences."

Gallery label, September 2023


Tower blocks are an integral, defining structure in urban and city life. Governance, effective policy, accountability, high standards, public safety and duty of care must not be an after-thought. 

 Individual
  |
     INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 
|
GROUP
© Stephen Willats
© Stephen Willats
© Stephen Willats

Grenfell Tower Inquiry

Housing policy
Housing provision
Housing market

'Mobility'

Ownership

Private, rented
Housing Assoc. ...

Tower Blocks

Life chances -
'Health career'



My source: notebook, as with -

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/2023/08/rational-concepts-dilworth-1977.html

Plus, a previous post:
https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/2014/03/living-with-practical-realities-1978.html

5th March at Tate Liverpool, the exhibition: "Keywords. Art, Society and Culture in 1980s Britain" from 28 Feb 2014 to 11 May 2014.

See also (listed in the bibliography):
Iris Lohja, Yves Demazeau, Christine Verdier. A multi-agent system approach to dynamic ridesharing for older people: State-of-the-art work and preliminary design. 18èmes Rencontres des Jeunes Chercheurs en Intelligence Artificielle, RJCIA’20, Jun 2020, Angers, France. pp.52-59. ⟨hal-02897446⟩

Thursday, January 14, 2021

Book review: "Leave No One Behind" ii #LNOB

Leave No One Behind

Ordinarily, the word 'ultra' I'd associate with science, closely followed by branding-speak and then the realm of super heroes. Sad then that for ultra-poverty, neither science nor commerce has the answer and there's no super hero to call upon. Science and commerce are part of the answer to ultra-poverty, as the book also highlights but there is no time to wait: 2030 ...

Ultra-poverty is defined (p.43):

"A useful lens through which to view ultra-poverty is economist Amartya Sens definition of poverty as a "deprivation of basic capabilities," including the freedoms and choices that most of us take for granted, specifically "the substantive freedoms [a person] enjoys to lead the kind of life he or she has reason to value. In this perspective, poverty must be seen as the deprivation of basic capabilities rather than merely as lowness of incomes, which is the standard criterion of identification of poverty."

 In mental illness - health nursing you recognise early on the significance of hopelessness and helplessness (p.44). From the news over successive decades you hear the trials and debate of those on 'benefit' stuck in a 'poverty' trap. Is poverty relative, absolute or both? I was really struck with the connection to psychological therapy, literacy overall and 'health literacy' specifically, when a person cannot imagine that a better world is possible (p.45) for them. They cannot envision. I've stressed here the importance of 'information' as a concept and Coates and MacMillan literally bring information theory home. This when the choice is: do you walk seven miles to have a child vaccinated, or work? Everyday, brings multiple choices, that we can 'dodge' (usually) in the developed nations. 

The 'science of hope' lives through information. On this blog, in a quest for holistic, integrated (physical, mental, social, political, pastoral) care I have written of the need to attend to 'holistic bandwidth'. In our assessments and evaluations do we consider all the factors? Coates and MacMillan provide a gift:

"Mullainathan and Shafir call this the 'present-day cognitive load of making ends meet,' and it is especially acute for those living in ultra-poverty" (p.45). 

I like also the way 'cognitive load' is utilised here as in technology enhanced learning, human-computer interfaces and web design. There is a connection too - with studies on parenting and when norms are stressed and the impact on children.

The key of this chapter is "graduation" or "productive inclusion" and breaking out of the poverty trap.

Online and irony intended coaches appear to be two-a-penny. Here a set of interventions includes coaching and the issue of what is the best approach:

  • Livelihood training
  • Cash
  • Productive assets
  • Savings

It struck me here a synergy with the timed early intervention in psychosis of two-years.

How to prevent relapse and for the ultra-poor how they are post-intervention still poor (p.47).

Studies (inc. London School of Economics - RCT) are explained to compare graduation with unconditional cash transfer. Reading of DIBS - Development Impact Bonds, I thought of Care Impact Bonds, even Social Care? While I make such comparisons, the message is clear that ultra-poverty is qualitatively different from other forms of poverty. Likewise with the use of 'cognitive load' elsewhere - in education: for the ultra-poor this:

"... bears down like a weight too great to lift. Poverty is, at heart, a deprivation of one's capacity to be fully human - to dream, to plan, to arrange one's imagination to see a better future. The graduation approach offers a way out." (p.55).
http://www.brac.net/program/ultra-poor-graduation/

I note the science of hope is still emerging.

PERSON
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
GROUP - COMMUNITY - POPULATION
My choices of the day ...
cognitive load ...

information

social infrastructure
social capital
What the State provides ...

 

Homi Kharas, John W. McArthur and Izumi Ohno, (Eds.) 2020. Leave No One Behind: Time for Specifics on the Sustainable Development Goals, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.