"step inside" TO "think outside"

  

individual

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INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES             

humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   

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group

             c/o Somerset House, 6th June 2016.

Call for Abstracts: Land Use for Net Zero Hub Early Career Conference

Dear colleagues,

 

We are pleased to open the call for abstracts for the Land Use for Net Zero Hub Early Career Conference, which will be held on 7 September (1:00–6:00 pm) at the James Hutton Institute in Aberdeen, ahead of the LUNZ consortium meeting (8–10 September). The call for abstracts will close on 20 May 2026 (there is still time apparently! PJ).

 

The conference theme is: “Future Careers at the Science–Policy Interface: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges in LUNZ.”

 

We aim to bring together early career researchers and practitioners from LUNZ Hub and LUNZ Research, as well as other early career groups interested in the conference themes, to network, share work, and discuss careers at the science–policy interface.

 

We welcome abstracts for poster and oral presentations within the following themes. Submissions can include works in progress and unpublished research, as we aim to stimulate open dialogue, feedback, and learning. We also encourage contributions from partners beyond academia. The format of the day will be shaped by the level of interest across these topics:

 

• Transdisciplinary collaboration across sectors and knowledge systems
• Science communication and knowledge impact
• Modelling and evidence for land use change
• Integrating people, place, and nature in Net Zero transitions
• Just transitions and community resilience
• Community-based research in academia and policy

 

Please complete the following form to submit your abstract: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeOzhkowu0NdM3YlQz-XEIovSB3805zX5LTT4Fm7FzBPq3f7Q/viewform?usp=header

 

Once we have received and reviewed abstracts, we will open up registration to presenters and the wider community.

 

If you are interested in helping with the organisation of the conference at an early stage, we would be very happy to hear from you—please get in touch.

 

We look forward to your participation.

 

Best regards,

LUNZ Early Career Board

https://lunzhub.com/get-involved/early-careers-board/

 

Anita Lazurko (she/her)

Senior Transdisciplinary Scientist

Biodiversity and Land Use

--------------------------------

My source: At 'Ecologies of Care':

Henrike (Kika) Neuhaus

Pronouns: she/her, they/them

Post-doctoral Research Fellow in Anthropology and Art

Livelihoods and Institutions Department

Natural Resources Institute

University of Greenwich 

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1245-5881

'Moved to Care' amid the Boxes - RCN

A Balikbayan Box for Nursing: artists and writers in residence

'Our new Arts Council National Lottery funded project takes the Filipino custom of the Balikbayan Box as its central theme, inspired by Romalyn Ante's poem Notes Inside a Balikbayan Box. The Balikbayan Box is a long-standing Filipino cultural practice through which we are exploring the spirit of nursing across borders and boundaries. 

Visit our exhibition to explore the installation ‘Inside Home’ by Haleema Aziz and meet our writers in residence – Romalyn Ante, Jennifer Wong and Christie Watson – to explore the art of nursing with a difference.

Our writers will each be running a writing workshop for a different audience to help them engage with the exhibition themes, and develop their own writing skills: refugees, schoolchildren and young adults.

Writing residencies run in the RCN Library and Museum (20 Cavendish Square) from April – June 2026. Find our what our writers have been working on at this public celebration of art and migration panel event in July.

Our writers will be based in the Moved to Care exhibition space in the England Library from 11am-4pm during their residency week. Anybody can drop in and chat to them between 3-4pm, or if you're a member you can book a free half-hour 121 slot. Discuss your own writing, ask questions about publication or the role of art and creativity in nursing with our writers in residence.'

Previously: 'box' : 'creativity' 

My source RCN Congress 2026

Individual and shared mental models c/o Proctor, & Vu, (2023).

The first day of the conference on 'Ecologies of Care' 4th-5th June is complete. It was helpful to contribute early and then focus on the programme. The questions and acknowledgement have made the (personal) effort worthwhile. Tomorrow also looks promising. There was an emphasis on attention which I tried to reflect and featured in a fascinating keynote by Professor Yves Citton. I will check the sources highlighted; and tomorrow, inquire about a point made re. use of socio in contrast to social.

Regards ongoing reading, perhaps, the evidence to support Hodges' model in practice is already out there? There might be a caveat, that the literature may suggest (if does not yet confirm) that if taught cross-curricula and professional groups then Hodges' model can function as a meta-model? 

What do you think of the following from a chapter on 'Social attention and team performance' (with my emphasis)? :

'... Other two-person team examples include doubles tennis partners and pairings of an airline pilot and copilot. Larger teams can be found in the numerous team sports surgical teams, busineses, and research teams of many scientific laboratories. For teams, coordinated performance is crucial, which becomes more difficult when teams extend to three or more people. As such, teams need to have shared mental models representing the team knowledge (Gardner et al., 2017), which support team situation awareness (Demir et al. 2017).

 

The concept of individual mental model refers to understanding a particular event on the basis of the activation of relevant schemas from long-term memory and, sometimes, simulation of possible scenarios (see also Chapter 10). Bower and Morrow (1990) pointed out that a crucial role in mental models is to shift and focus attention. ...

 

Shared mental models refer to collective understanding among team members of the task to be performed and how it can be accomplished. This understanding includes the responsibilities of the individual team members and dependencies between teammates on other members progress. The term team mental models is sometimes used when the context is teamwork that needs to be coordinated and executed (Jonker et al., 2010). The idea is that teams will perform better if they share mental models. ...

 

The surgery intern study illustrates that shared mental models are learned, leading to the question of how this learning can be facilitated.' p.368. ...

 

'Team leadership can be effective at getting members to be engaged in activities that will promote shared mental models. Boies and Fiset (2018) found evidence that leaders can facilitate the development of shared mental models by involving team members in the consideration of the to-be-accomplished task and their roles in its accomplishment. This involvement, again, likely directs members' attention to information relevant for achieving team goals and enables more domain-specific group discussion, which then furthers the emergence of a shared mental model. ...

 

Situation awareness is a broader concept than mental models, focusing on an explicit understanding of events and contexts. Shared situation awareness differs from individual situation awareness discussed in Chapter 9, in the information required for operators to have effective coordination (Chiappe et al., 2016). For example, paramedics delivering a patient to an emergency room need to coordinate with the hospital and its staff members to ensure that the hospital has the capacity and that the doctors receiving the patient have the vital information they need to treat the patient. Once the patient is in the emergency room, nurses, doctors and technicians need to coordinate with each other to make sure that the patient is being properly cared for.' p.369. 

Proctor, R. W., & Vu, K.-P. L. (2023). Social attention and team performance. In R. W. Proctor & K.-P. L. Vu, Attention: Selection and control in human information processing (pp. 343–374). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000317-012

Call for Participants: Survey on Trauma-Informed Archival Practice

Dear all,

My name is Emily Hill, I am a current master's student at the University of Glasgow completing my dissertation titled: 

 

To what extent is Trauma-Informed Archival Practice understood and used within the Archival Sector? How effective are the methods of support available to Archivists? 

The aim of this dissertation is to explore the breadth of knowledge within the Archival sector surrounding Trauma-Informed Archival Practice, where professionals have learned about Trauma theory and if the mental health and secondary trauma support available is accessible and effective. There is no prior knowledge of Trauma-Informed Practice needed to participate, as these concepts are explained within the Participant information forms. 

Participation in this survey will take approximately 15 minutes, including the Participant Information and Agreement forms which should be viewed and signed before participation in the survey questions. 

All survey responses are received anonymised, with the data being analysed in correlation with other respondent data on a question-by-question basis. 

I would be very grateful for your participation in this survey, and if you have any questions or concerns you wish to address prior to participating, please email me at 2650467H AT student.gla.ac.uk. 

You can access the survey here. 

Thank you in advance for your participation!

Best wishes, 

Emily Hill.

My source:
To view the list archives go to: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=RECORDS-MANAGEMENT-UK

BMA: Beyond parity of esteem – Achieving parity of resource, access and outcome for mental health in England 2020

 In order to get to the 'truth' of parity of esteem may require more than one 'box':

Source: BMA

British Medical Association . Beyond parity of esteem – Achieving parity of resource, access and outcome for mental health in England. London: BMA; 2020. 

https://www.bma.org.uk/what-we-do/population-health/supporting-peoples-mental-health/beyond-parity-of-esteem-report

iv Book: 'Complexity in Health Care - A Paradigm Shift for Clinical Practice'

After a first mention on page 23, it is chapter 6 that discusses "awe" - the chapter's title. I wrote (in light pencil!) 'It keeps you going'. This is deeper than job satisfaction, but in healthcare is a contributing factor. And different again to (clinical) intution (with many mentions), which recurs, despite (or due to) its subjective nature.

Within its 3.5 pages you will find 'interpersonal awe', Piaget's 'accomodation', the neuroscience of awe, and humility. From a physiological and experiences with short-sightedness and vision, I have applied the concept of accommodation over the years. All this, quite rightly, places emphasis upon the therapeutic relationship. Even since the book's publication in 2023, this relationship has grown in importance.

'The sense of awe is an emotional reaction to events characterized as "vast" or to experienced stimuli outside the domain of the usual and prototypical. A sense of "awe" is often described by scientists who peer through telescopes (immensity) or who observe the uniqueness and expansiveness of the microscopic world. A similar emotional reaction can ocur with respect to the overwhelming experience of the clinician processing the complexity of intertwined variables experienced with a patient. When interpersonal awe occurs, it potentially opens the mind of the clinician to enhanced information gathering, cognitive processing, and empathic understanding.' p.49.

I often feel obliged to apologise that the spiritual does not have a concrete home in Hodges' model. Personally, it is INTRA- and interpersonal. Our religious beliefs, and committments were they apply. Unfortunately, the spiritual is often expressed politically: 'shock and awe'(?). Socially, the spiritual is manifest in the world's religions, our cultures and upbringing, recognition of others - in our communities, the media, ability to 'see' beauty, experience empathy, rapport and shared emotions. On twitter I've often written -

(SPIRITUAL [Intra- Interpersonal; Sciences; Political; Sociology] )

So, Hodges' model is embedded within - should be viewed as surrounded by the spiritual. 

Chapter 7, 'Clinical Decision-Making' utilises the thought of Daniel Kahneman. I like the use of ratiocinations here. I do try to bear in mind the 'traps' afforded by Hodges' model. To be clear, it is not the only clinical cognitive tool I have used. For some reason, against ratiocinations I scribbled 'running the axes, or the corridors of care'. Formal training brought to mind training to assure the marking of student's work (if still needed!), and mentoring student nurses. Case-based learning features here, and in the conclusion: CBL 'will be the central element of this book and will involve actual patients with pronounced biopsychosocial complexities.' p.56. How I wish there was an extra reference (a #16) here: clinical decision-making is fundamentally political; both reflectively and reflexively.

Part V then begins (p.59) on further technical considerations with chapter 8 Introduction to Clinical Complexity. A shift is flagged from a linear, logical-based approach to mix of logic and clinical content. At two pages I did hope for more: biological complexity and resolution left me hungry for more. There is however a key learning point on p.62, re. resolution; that of suffering. Connected to this and a well made point is priorities and what is clinically important and any contrast for the clinical team and the patient.

In a BASIC program from the 1980s on the 'Nursing Process' (essentially p.11 in the book, and somewhere on W2tQ?) I'd included a woman, medical ward with chest pain, who was agitated and couldn't explain herself that well. It wasn't delerium, but we eventually found out she was alone at home and worried about a cat. Attention and listening are not in the index, but should be in all clinical texts. An essential ingredient in the aforementioned reflective/reflexive aspect of interpersonal exchange. In the summary for C8 it was good to read of constellations. Our forebears joined the stars to provide meaning and explanation for what was life, being and experience for them, who had passed, and who was to follow. Without that political domain, the meaning is incomplete, may be repeatedly mistaken. How impoverished [we are / are we] as a result?

 Chapter 9 starts to present the clinical model, with clinical illustrations - case examples. The focus here is underrepresented factors. There is always an issue about granularity in how much data/information is needed for a comprehensive assessment/evaluation. A paragraph considers The problem of simplication. A question is raised:

'How can a clinician think of all the contributing factors on the spur of the moment, the point at which many if not most clinical decisions are made? Our guess is that your response, as a reader, may be to wipe your brow and decide to return to "treatment as usual." reverting to comfortable algorithms.' p.67.

This 'treatment as usual' is surely institutional in origin? Back to the 'political' again. Well I can think of a way to frame, apprehend all the contributing factors and on the spur of the moment. Healthcare is inherently situated. Healthcare professionals need to proceed with care, especially with constant reference to statistics and algorithms. Hodges' model can provide an anchorage, a safe harbour even if the visit is fleeting. These harbour fees, or dues, service charges are negligible.

 In Chapter 10 brings the complexcity of the clinical "field", once more through a case illustration, a woman with chronic schizophrenia, complexity based on clinical diagnosis. The process of diagnosis (and a medical matter) is largely a matter of data reduction, a means to simplify, and provide an avenue to aggregate and group. There is a history lesson in the development of hospitals, even as in the UK bed numbers have seen whole scale reductions. Interestingly (for further study), of course, diagnosis is also a way to abstract away details. The problem is that although this makes the unknown a known, it is binding when it comes to complexity. It ties down a flux, a dynamic that doesn't just want to be free it is constantly changing and may also achieve a more ordered state. The authors try to get to grips with this, they highlight housing, employment, comorbidity and how these may prevent recovery. All this as they seek to define complexity in clinical terms. No easy task: itself part of the problem.

More to follow ...

^Jones P. (2014) Using a conceptual framework to explore the dimensions of recovery and their relationship to service user choice and self-determination. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. Vol 3, No 4, (2013) pp.305-311. 

Steven A. Frankel, Steven D. Thurber, James A. Bourgeois (2023) Complexity in Health Care: A Paradigm Shift for Clinical Practice. Cham. Switzerland: Springer. ISBN: 978303114948.

iii Book: 'Complexity in Health Care - A Paradigm Shift for Clinical Practice'

In reading this book and others on W2tQ, I must make the following points:

  * my need to remember the purely USA context (I have never worked there);
  * my healthcare, nursing, informatics experience is NHS-based;
  * this review (and others) is motivated by the project here - Hodges' model;
  * as a result, I will be quoting heavily, there is much to bring to your attention.

As noted in post (i) there is much to whet the appetite, a paradigm shift, 'comprehensive, collaborative, and integrated care' (p.11) certainly have become popular topics in the medical literature. Not only that but 'interpersonal and intersubjective treatment models' too (p.12).

The role of 'Case Managers' is highlighted, plus the Case Management Society of America, which is committed to:

•  Improved Consumer Health Outcomes
•  Professional Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
•  Cultural Competency and Humility
•  Advocacy for the Health Consumer
•  Integrity and Ethical Principles
•  Promoting Health Equity
•  Educating Case Managers Across the Care Continuum
•  Evidence-based Quality Care
•  Holistic, Compassionate Care
•  Fostering Communication and Collaboration
•  Advancing Research, Innovation, and Use of Technology
•  Fiscal Accountability [ https://cmsa.org/about/ ]

Whether the USA influences global trends in the structure and form of healthcare is another post, but there is a UK Case Management Society too: https://www.cmsuk.org. I can see a fit here [UK] with the development in recent decades on social prescribing. A different role, of course but part of a complex jig-saw.

As expected definitions are provided: 

'Roger Kathol has eloquently defined "health complexity" as "the interference with the achievement of expected or desired health and cost outcomes, due to the interaction of biological, psychological, social and health systems factors when patients are exposed to standard care delivered by their doctors" [1].' p.10. 

Roger G. Kathol, Rachel L. Andrew, Michelle Squire, Peter J. Dehnel (2018) The Integrated Case Management Manual: Value-Based Assistance to Complex Medical and Behavioral Health Patients. 2nd ed. Basel: Springer.

I can see where this definition comes from, but for me, it does not sit right. The problem when there is 'interference' is the assignment of responsibility and consequence that blame can follow. We've seen this, and in mental health too), with the recover model^. Some of the terms here may be completely innocuous politically speaking (which is the author's intent of course), but they can also be 'weighted'. Hence they can become concrete terms of judgement. Think about it: achievement, expected, desired, cost (and) outcomes, standard care, delivered (by doctors)? Or, am I over-thinking again.

In the margin I pencilled/drew:

individual

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INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES

humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

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group

Standard -	care
Other -	factors

As ever, the individual patient is our focus. The individual is supported (literally) by the social and political (infra-)structures that act as a scaffold, safety-net for most.

Time flies, I can't believe it was 2007 I posted 

Plush HQ foyer, shame about the mannequins!

I had this notion of life-size cardboard cutouts representing the average people who use a given health service provider (local, or not so local these days?). The data will be there in statistical annual reports. I'd noticed the displays - analogue and digital that greeted visitors at a local NHS Trust HQ. This would be the book's 'routine patients' who receive standard care. 

Chapter 3 introduces 'variables' which again is brief, but imporant as variables recur throughout the book. The 'Clinical Field' is first outlined, as in:

• Sources of clinically relevant factors;
• Dynamic factors;
• and: Variables representing contributions from practitioner(s).

Abstract variables are differentiated from those that are concrete. It's reassuring to read there is no true simplicity within the clinical field, and the author's goal is to 'unpack complexity so it remains as true to life as possible, not just manageable conceptually.' p.18.

Frankel et al. are primed to go beyond this. Maths, as in statistical procedures are one tool. Chapter 4 adds to this with a theoretical model to guide clinical understanding of patients with biopsychosocial complexities, the foundations of our paradigm shift. p.23.

If you have an understanding of Hodges' model you can picture my response to this. But, staying grounded, the whole book and paradigm shift represents a form of scientific "emergence". It is frustrating that literature searches fail to pick out Hodges' model. 

Frustrating too as reading of "awe", also on page 23, I have experienced this many times (over say 1977 - 2019 ...). So, I held on to my dummy (pacifier!?) and read on ...  

Chapter 4 Technical Considerations is one the longest and contributes all of Part III. Here you can read about science, measurement, statistics, empirical, operational definitions, intelligence, reliability. I often see a chapter, book section as a useful primer for students and the same applies here; with inter-judge realiability, validity, control, null hypothesis, statistical methods and much more. Reference to mathematics (axiomatic too) had me hoping for more. I picked out Structural Equation Modelling:

 'We would also like to suggest that following the steps involved in "structural equation modeling" (path analysis) is a good way of conceptualizing and reasoning about complex clinical variables altogether. For example, constructing a clinical model informally (intuitively, loosely from data) and thinking about (diagramming) how the variables involved may moderate and mediate each other can be a useful activity for clarifying the nature and requirements of a complicated clinica1 situation. 
 

 In simplest terms, an independent variable is the causal or influential variable that impacts and effects the dependent variable. A moderating variable is a dichotomy, and refers to two comparison groups (e.g., male/female; passed/fail; religious/nonreligious; tall/short; high versus low socioeconomic status) that display significantly different degrees of magnitude on a correlated relationship. For example, the relationship between a specific treatment for a medical disorder and treatment outcomes may be moderated by socioeconomic differences. The treatment outcome relationship may be stronger and more positive for individuals with elevated socioeconomic standing who therefore have better support systems and access to medical professionals, and fewer economic stressors.' p.36.

I think from this the authors might be sympathetic to giving 'life' to the POLITICAL domain and Hodges' model; after all it lives in people's daily experience - acknowledged or not. The book's structure works thus far: Chapter 5 Nature-Nurture (n.b. no escape!)  and the Epigenome. The structure - flow - works, as at just over four pages, it begs further reading (beyond the listed references). I still have my copy of:

Fritjof Capra and Pier Luigi Luisi (2014) The Systems View of Life - A Unifying Vision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 

With the epigenome being added to the 'patient complexity equation' in chapter 5, I wondered whether this was predictable, a promise, or a tease?

individual

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INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES

humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

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group

nature?	NATURE?
NURTURE?	nurture?

 

Previously: 'complex' : 'nature' : 'mental health' : 'person(-centred)'

More to follow ...

^Jones P. (2014) Using a conceptual framework to explore the dimensions of recovery and their relationship to service user choice and self-determination. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. Vol 3, No 4, (2013) pp.305-311. 

Steven A. Frankel, Steven D. Thurber, James A. Bourgeois (2023) Complexity in Health Care: A Paradigm Shift for Clinical Practice. Cham. Switzerland: Springer. ISBN: 978303114948.

'Elegy' by Gabriel Goliath - Venice Biennale

“Elegy is wound and medicine when mourning itself is under threat”

- Christina Sharpe & Rinaldo Walcott

Elegy is a life-work of mourning. It is a cry, a lament, a tender refrain of remembrance, repair and black feminist love.

For over a decade now, Gabrielle Goliath has staged performances of Elegy across South Africa and the world, invoking the absent presence of women and LGBTIQ+ people lost to fatal acts of racial-sexual violence. In each performance, a group of seven women singers enact a ritual of mourning, collectively sustaining a single, haunting tone for the course of an hour. As one singer falters, another steps up to pick up the note, and so it continues, a cyclic threading of shared breath and voice.

Each performance of Elegy is accompanied by a eulogistic text, scripted by a family member or friend of the individual commemorated: for Sinoxolo, Koketso, Noluvo, Lerato, Kerabo, and more… Other performances address historical cases of violence against women and otherwise-feminised bodies in colonial and slaveocratic contexts. For these, speculative texts by collaborating scholars reach across generations, geographies and archival erasures, recalling these ‘past’ losses and accounting for a present of anti-black, anti-femme violence.

Refusing spectacle and the objectification of bodies deemed rapeable and killable, Elegy asserts conditions of hope and avowal: affirming black, brown, indigenous, femme, queer and trans lives as loveable and grieveable. It is a work of regard, of specificity and care. For those immersed in its sonic vigil, it offers a space for shared grief and radical refusal - for the urgent, ongoing life-work of mourning.

. . .

Source: Gabriel Goliath - https://www.gabriellegoliath.com/

May 5 - July 31, elegyinvenice.com

individual

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INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES

humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

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group

reflection	temporal
Collective grief	violence

My source: Nadia Beard. A musical act of mourning, Venice Biennale, FTWeekend. 2/3 May 2026, p.5.

International Menstrual Hygiene Day 2026

Facts & figures about MH Day and menstrual health & hygiene

About Menstrual Hygiene Day (MH Day)

• MH Day is celebrated annually on 28 May to symbolize the average length of the menstrual cycle (28) and duration of menstruation (5).
• It was initiated by WASH United and was first celebrated in 2014. WASH United is an award-winning non-profit based in Berlin/Germany, founded in 2011, with a focus on menstrual health and hygiene (MHH). WASH United focuses on strengthening the global MHH ecosystem by offering free, easy-to-use solutions for awareness, advocacy, and education, and engages in strategic advocacy throughout the year.

• The mission of the MH Day movement is to create a period-friendly world.

A period-friendly world is a world in which menstruation is accepted as a normal fact of life and is no longer stigmatised. It is a world in which everyone is educated about menstruation from an early age. In a period-friendly world, everyone has access to quality and affordable period products of their choice. Everyone has access to period-friendly toilets. And in a period-friendly world, menstrual health services are available to everyone. It is a world where no one is held back just because they menstruate. (MH Day mission)

• The impact of MH Day 2025: reach of 971 million people, 25,026 pieces of media coverage, 198,132 social media contributions, more than 2,000 events, and 1,350 partner organizations.

 
About Menstrual Health and Hygiene (MHH)

Global perspective of menstruation

• Globally, 2.1 billion adolescent girls and women menstruate. 
  (WHO/ UNICEF, Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2024. JMP, 2025)
• On any given day, approximately 375 million women and girls worldwide are menstruating. (Own calculation)

MHH-related challenges

• Number of persons in need: More than 500 million women do not have the resources and support that they need to manage their menstruation. 
  (Amaya L. et al., Advancing Gender Equity by Improving Menstrual Health. FSG, 2020)
• Period education: Globally, only around 2 out of 5 schools provide menstruation education. 
  (WHO/ UNICEF, Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in schools, 2015-2023. JMP, 2024)(MH Day mission)

1 of 3  April 2026                                         Continued ...                                       #PeriodFriendlyWorld