Leapspace ii - References

Of the references listed by LEAPSPACE #6 stood out:

Merritt, M.K., Procter, N. (2010) Conceptualising the functional role of mental health consultation-liaison nurse in multi-morbidity, using Peplau's nursing theory. Contemporary Nurse. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2010.34.2.158 

Had I missed this? When I hear (read) of new citation for Hodges' model, it is added to the blog's bibliography. So, what about this one?

I could not access the full-paper initially, but did so at:

https://lmscontent.embanet.com/MVU/NURS600/Readings/W3_Peplau.pdf

I can see that Merrit and Proctor reference the following [#16 of 1-46]:

Jones, P. (1998). Hodges’ health career – Care domains – Model, nursing – Art or science? Retrieved October 4, 2009, from http://www.pjones.demon.co.uk/holsci.html

This additional cognitive and motivational nourishment is welcome. They are spot on with '1998', the year the former website (p-jones.demon.co.uk) went live. 

Pre-2015 and indicative of (what will increasingly follow) from AI, LLMs, agentic ai - LEAPSPACE found a page on the now archived website:

https://web.archive.org/web/20150409004111/http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/index.htm

While a positive, perhaps (again) we should worry about regurgitation? Although on another level perhaps the definition of 'grey literature' is also being (has been) redefined?

There is a positive in the author's acknowledgement of Hodges' model on several counts, being associated with:

• Highlighting the need for inclusion of mental health/illness (parity of esteem);
• Peplau's seminal work;
• A search to link mental health with other specialities (emergency, liaison, burns);
• Recognition of the inverse (psychological care within medicine); 
• The fact of being listed with Phil Barker (Tidal Model). 

Negatively, on the archived homepage (above) many links to content may not work:

The (rather short but referenced) page Merrit and Proctor list is available here:

https://web.archive.org/web/20111018204743/http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/holsci.html

I will insert this paper in the bibliographical listing; and revisit this.

Leapspace? Why not ...?

Referred to a paper in an email: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112401.

- I noticed an invitation to try Leapspace. 

So I leapt (with much editing - for formatting here). ...

 

Copilot steps

Creating a plan to respond to your query

Performing search for foundational documents
Performing keyword search
Using data from Scopus
("Hodges' model" OR "Hodges model" OR "Hodges' health career model" OR "health career model" OR "care domains model") AND (nursing OR healthcare OR "health care" OR education) AND (domain* OR component* OR framework OR concept* OR definition*)

Performing natural language search
Using data from Scopus
What are the conceptual definitions, domains, and components of Hodges' model in nursing and healthcare education?

Performing keyword search
Using data from Full text
("Hodges' model" OR "Hodges model" OR "care domains") AND (diagram* OR figure* OR visual* OR schema) AND (teach* OR education OR curriculum OR learning) AND (critique OR adaptation* OR application*) AND (method* OR framework OR discussion)

Performing natural language search
Using data from Full text
How is Hodges' model represented, taught, and adapted in nursing or healthcare education, including diagrams and critiques?

Performing keyword search
Using data from Scopus
("Hodges' model" OR "Hodges model" OR "care domains framework") AND (application* OR use OR implementation OR practice) AND (critique* OR limitation* OR adaptation* OR evaluation*) AND (nursing OR healthcare OR "health care")

Performing natural language search
Using data from Scopus
What applications and critiques of Hodges' care domains framework have been reported in nursing and healthcare practice?

Done

Generated by LeapSpace, Thu Jul 09 2026

Hodges' health career - care domains - model

Hodges’ Health Career – Care Domains – Model is a generic, practice-based conceptual framework for health and social care that organizes thinking into four knowledge/care domains: science, political, sociology, and interpersonal. It is presented as broadly applicable across healthcare contexts and is used to structure reflection, critical thinking, and care planning. [1] [2] [3]

Core domains

Domain	What it covers	How it is used
Science	Cause and effect, evidence, costs, benefits, and trade-offs	Helps frame the “hard” evidence side of care and service decisions. [1]
Political	Policy, systems, and structural influences on care	Helps connect care to wider health and social policy contexts. [1] [4]
Sociology	Social context, culture, stigma, and relationships	Helps explain how social factors shape health and illness experiences. [1] [5]
Interpersonal	Therapeutic relationships, patient/carer engagement, and human interaction	Supports person-centred and relational practice. [1] [2] [6]

What the model is for

• It is described as universal in structure and adaptable to many healthcare settings, including informatics, dementia/palliative care, forensic mental health, and oral health. [2] [3] [4] [7] [8]

• It helps practitioners map concepts into domains, build a mind-map-like structure, and support reflective practice and critical thinking. [3] [9]

• In forensic mental health nursing, it is proposed as a way to guide assessment, decision-making, and recovery-oriented practice. [2]

Bottom line

Hodges’ model is best understood as a four-domain lens for integrating clinical evidence, policy, social context, and relationships into one framework for care and reflection. Its main value is not in prescribing a single care process, but in helping users think more holistically and systematically about health problems and care systems. [1] [2] [3]

Confidence level: High — multiple sources consistently describe the model’s four domains, generic structure, and broad healthcare applications.

References

1. Fox, Siobhán, FitzGerald, Carol, Harrison Dening, Karen, (...), Timmons, Suzanne (2017) Better palliative care for people with a dementia: summary of interdisciplinary workshop highlighting current gaps and recommendations for future research. BMC Palliative Care. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-017-0221-0

2. Doyle, M., Jones, P. (2013) Hodges' Health Career Model and its role and potential application in forensic mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01961.x

3. Jones, P., Wirnitzer, K. (2022) Hodges' model: The Sustainable Development Goals and public health - Universal health coverage demands a universal framework. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000254

4. Bettiol, S., Jones, P., Onyedikachi, H.A., Kernohan, W.G. (2026) Bridging Gaps in Oral Health Frameworks: Mapping With Hodges' Health Career - Care Domains - Model. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.70034

5. Jones, P. (2008) Exploring serres' atlas, Hodges' knowledge domains and the fusion of informatics and cultural horizons. Social Information Technology: Connecting Society and Cultural Issues. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-774-4.ch007

6. Merritt, M.K., Procter, N. (2010) Conceptualising the functional role of mental health consultation-liaison nurse in multi-morbidity, using Peplau's nursing theory. Contemporary Nurse. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2010.34.2.158

7. Jones, P. (2009) Socio-technical structures, 4Ps and hodges' model. Nursing and Clinical Informatics: Socio-Technical Approaches. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-234-3.ch011

8. Jones, P. (2011) Socio-technical structures, 4Ps and hodges' model. Clinical Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-561-2.ch215

9. Jones, P. (2025) A Generic Model and Conceptual Framework to Prime Curiosity Across Health and Social Care Disciplines to Facilitate Lifelong Learning. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.70252

Follow-up Suggestions 

What are the key components of Hodges' health career care domains model?

How does Hodges' model apply to interdisciplinary health care practices?

What are the implications of Hodges' health career care domains model for patient-centered care?

Choose to Treat appeal, 7–14 July 2026

Donate here between 7–14 July and your donation will be doubled! 

'Water is scarce in Mauritania and people have little choice but to bathe, wash clothes, care for their animals, and cool off in the same pools. But the water that brings relief also carries schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that silently damages the kidneys, stunts growth, impairs learning, and steals futures.

Through our collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Amadou (pictured*) received treatment, and he recovered. But many children in Mauritania still require it. Without continued access to treatment, Amadou and thousands like him remain at risk every time they enter the water.

When people cannot avoid exposure, access to safe, effective treatment is their best protection. A single donation can help protect children like Amadou and support their health at a critical stage in their childhood.' ... 'Choose to Treat appeal'

 

Previous related posts: 'neglected tropical diseases' : 'SDGs'

Ebola and Mental Health, CDC Response to Ebola in West Africa in 2014-2015: Weds 15 July

Dear Peter, we are thrilled to invite you to our upcoming Webinar: 

Ebola and Mental Health, CDC Response to Ebola in West Africa in 2014-2015 on Wednesday, 15 July at 13:00-14:00 (CEST) 

Register here 

What can the Ebola response in West Africa teach us about mental health, trust, and outbreak preparedness today? We warmly invite you to our upcoming webinar “Ebola and Mental Health: Lessons from the CDC Response in West Africa, 2014–2015” on July 15, 13:00–14:00 CEST. 

Drawing on the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa and its rapid escalation, this webinar will explore why mental health and psychosocial support must be considered an essential part of outbreak response. The session will connect past lessons to current challenges, including the ongoing Ebola outbreak caused by Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. We are delighted to welcome Dr. Anna Grigoryan as our keynote speaker. Based on her personal experience and deployment to Sierra Leone in 2015 as part of the CDC Ebola Response Mission, Dr. Grigoryan will share reflections on key response activities, communication challenges, and the intersection of Ebola response and mental health. The webinar will highlight why coordinated, international, and rapidly scaled-up responses are essential to reduce illness, deaths, fear, and psychosocial distress during outbreaks. 

Agenda 
13:00–13:30 Keynote by Dr. Anna Grigoryan 
13:30–13:50 Q&A session 
13:50–14:00 Wrap-up 

About the speaker 

Dr. Anna Grigoryan is a physician–scientist with over 20 years of international experience leading complex public health projects, fostering innovation, and building strategic partnerships. She spearheaded the WHO–CDC Collaborating Center for Global Public Health Informatics, serving as its first Program Manager. During her tenure at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), she contributed directly to emergency responses to major crises, including the Haiti and China earthquakes, the avian influenza outbreak, and the Fukushima nuclear accident.

In 2015, Dr. Grigoryan supported the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health during the Ebola epidemic as part of the CDC Ebola Response Mission. In her more recent role at the UN/IAEA, she managed a portfolio of projects focused on laboratory strengthening, cancer control, and emergency preparedness, supporting Member States across Africa. She has also mentored emerging leaders and promoted cultures of accountability and inclusion during periods of organizational transition.This webinar is intended for public health and mental health professionals, as well as everyone interested in Ebola response, outbreak control, pandemic preparedness, and mental health and psychosocial support.

Please note: The webinar will be recorded. If you do not wish to appear in the recording, you are welcome to keep your camera turned off.

We look forward to your participation and to an engaging discussion on the role of mental health in outbreak response.

Please register even if you cannot attend and we will let you know when the video of the webinar is available. 

For any questions, feel free to contact the Hub Management Team at info AT globalhealthhub.de. 

Warm regards,
Katrin 
------
Katrin Würfel, Global Health Hub Germany

Previously: 'ebola' : 'Africa' : 'epidemic'

Degree Award in Reflective :: Reflexive Theory and Practice

Joint Hons. Running the Gauntlets in OverThinking

individual

|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES             

humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   

|

group 

See previous: 6th June 2010 - 'As one chapter closes another opens ...'

 
My source: Somerset House - 1st July 2026 M.C. Escher The Exhibition

Tricotyledons, systems and social problems: TAKE ii iii iv

Act I, Scene 3 

'Thomasina What a faint-heart! We must work outward from the middle of the maze. We will start with something simple. (She picks up the apple leaf) I will plot this leaf and deduce its equation. You will be famous for being my tutor when Lord Byron is dead and forgotten.' p.31.

It appears that polycotyledon seed growth beyond tri-form is rare:

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotyledon&oldid=1356872880

We must hope that the four-leaf clover is recognised and not just trampled underfoot.

One of the benefits of a four-leaf conceptual framework is that should you have the germ of an idea, you can reflect in (relative?) safety, exploring the conceptual ecosystem, its cognitive environs and nurture it to realisation.

n.b. In care making a difference, does not mean you have to be exceptional. ...

See post i: Tricotyledons, systems and social problems

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/2026/07/tricotyledons-systems-humanities.html

ERCIM News No. 145 Special theme: "E-Values - Statistical Testing for the 21st Century"

ERCIM NEWS No. 145 -

Dear ERCIM News reader, ever heard of e-values?

If not, you're probably not alone. 

Michael I. Jordan opens this issue with a keynote introducing the concept:

What is an “e-value” and why has it become an object of intense study in statistics and in the allied fields of machine learning, signal processing, and econometrics? To briefly introduce the basic idea, let us consider one of the core problems in statistics – the “hypothesis testing problem” of deciding whether observed data is consistent with some particular data-generating mechanism (often referred to as a “null hypothesis”) or is better explained by another mechanism (referred to as an “alternative hypothesis”). This problem is addressed by defining some function of the data (a “statistic”) whose distribution is as different as possible under the null and the alternative. Given an observed value of such a statistic, one then makes a choice between the two distributions, doing so in a way that minimizes the probability of errors. Classical statistical theory provides a unifying framework – the “p-value” – by which the choice between the null and alternative hypotheses reduces to a thresholding procedure.

Guest editors Peter Grünwald (CWI and Leiden University), Wouter Koolen (CWI and University of Twente) and Johanna Ziegel (ETH Zurich) guide readers through this emerging framework for quantifying statistical evidence. 

The articles in this special theme demonstrate how it is already finding applications across many areas of scientific research, from clinical trials and microbiome studies to political polls, AI evaluation and financial risk backtesting.

 

<>

I must admit when I read 'e-values', I thought of an e-rendering of ethics - humanities and sciences (qualitative-quantitative : subjective-objective : ...), but as always a welcome resource.

Includes:

p.6 Introduction to the Special Theme - E-values Statistical Testing for the 21st Century
by the guest editors Peter Grünwald (CWI and Leiden University), Wouter Koolen (CWI and University of Twente) and Johanna Ziegel (ETH Zurich) 

p.8 On Testing by Imaginary Betting^
by Glenn Shafer

'Cournot’s principle does a lot of work. We predict events that have very high probability. We use the happening of events with very small probabilities to discredit theories that attribute the small probabilities to them. (Here the small probabilities are called p-values.)'. p.8.

p.37 Large Language Models as Design Partners: Automating Graphical Mockups to Refine Requirements
by Giovanna Broccia, Maurice H. ter Beek (CNR-ISTI), and Alessio Ferrari (University College Dublin and CNR-ISTI) 

p.39 Challenges in Small-Scale Medical Data Exchange Platform Development
by Hubert Schölnast, Peter Kieseberg, Patrick Kochberger and Henri Ruotsalainen (University of Applied Sciences St. Pölten) 

p.42 SCIANCE: AI for Scientific Discovery in Europe
by András Benczúr, Edina Nemeth (SZTAKI), Jonas L'Haridon (European Science Foundation) and Magdalena Brus (EGI Foundation)

My source: Peter Kunz c/o ERCIM News

^As a community mental health nurse I have a problem with the betting and gambling industries. Yes, many participants 'gamble responsibly', they know when to take a break. They understand the house rules. For a significant number of the population, they are vulnerable. Bitcoin is another example. There the 'house' is continually re-built after successive collapses. But the mathematics here in p-values, v-values and in clinical reasoning is also significant as a crucial element whether naive or formal research.

I have always thought that -

1. Hodges' model presents an implicit theory (as per many models - given their purpose).
2. It follows, that Hodges' model can also do a lot of work.

LAST CALL 2nd AIxIA Summer School on Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare!

[apologies for multiple postings]

A few last spots are still available for the school, taking place in Trento, Italy, on 13-17 July 2026.

The school is open to anyone interested in AI for Healthcare: Master and PhD students, researchers, clinicians, physicians, data scientists, AI engineers, and professionals working at the intersection of AI and healthcare.

Master and PhD students benefit from a reduced fee: 470 EUR.
The regular fee is 495 EUR.

This year’s edition will focus on:

• Medical Imaging
• Smart Hospitals
• Patient Trajectories

- with attention to concrete healthcare problems and to different AI research perspectives, including generative AI and neuro-symbolic AI.

More information:
https://lnkd.in/dEBmQ8Rr

Registration:
https://lnkd.in/dggvaMSP

Please share with anyone who may be interested!

#AI #DigitalHealth #Healthcare #ArtificialIntelligence #GenerativeAI #NeuroSymbolicAI #MedicalImaging #SmartHospitals #PatientTrajectories #AIxIA

My source: francesco.calimeri, unical.it

Tricotyledons, systems and social problems

'If scientists and engineers are to be able to attack social problems with the same validity and effectiveness with which physical problems have been attacked, then a much more sophisticated and rigorous system design methodology is needed.

Such methodology, called the tricotyledon theory of system design, has been developed as a synthesis of: empirical and speculative approaches to system design [2], the methodology of operations research [10], classical optimization techniques [18], results in specialized branches of mathematical system theory [1,4,6,7], and the constructs of general mathematical system theory [12,13,14].

Experimental applications of the tricotyledon theory of system design to several problems in widely differing contexts [3,4,8,9,16,17] indicate that the methodology holds great promise for validity and effectiveness in attacking any large-scale, complex, man/machine system design problem with precision and rigor. There are no theoretical limitations (such as differentiability, linearity, finiteness, or discreteness) for the problems that can be attacked within the tricotyledon theory of system design.

In this short abstract the theory is only described in terms of set and system theoretic concepts as presented in Reference [12), [13], or [14]; no exploitation of the theory, either theoretical or practical is attempted here.' ..' p.224-225.

'The task of defining a large-scale, complex, man/machine system design problem P=(S,T,α,β,γ,D) often requires an interdisciplinary team in practice. An interdisciplinary team requires, in turn, that the above definitions be translated into non-mathematical methodology. This has been done in Reference [15].' p.229.

15. Wymore, A.W., Systems Engineering Methodology for Interdisciplinary Teams, unpublished manuscript. (Another loss?)

Wymore, A.W. (1975) The Tricotyledon Theory of  System Design. In. Category Theory Applied to Computation and Control: Proceedings of the First International Symposium, San Francisco, February 25-26, 1974 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 25) by E.G. Manes (Editor).

See also: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Wayne_Wymore

http://sysengr.engr.arizona.edu/wymore/bookreview.html 

https://lockywolf.wordpress.com/2019/02/16/a-mathematical-theory-of-systems-engineering-the-elements-by-a-wayne-wymore/ 

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'Oh Thomasina!' Such a drama in a diagram

Arcadia

Last evening I really enjoyed a performance of Tom Stoppard's Arcadia at the Duke of York's, or soon to be - The Tom Stoppard Theatre:

Act I, Scene 2  

'Septimus ... You should no more grieve for the rest than for a buckle lost from your first shoe, or for your lesson book which will be lost when you are old. We shed as we pick up, like travellers who must carry everything in their arms, and what we let fall will be picked up by those behind. The procession is very long and life is very short. We die on the march. But there is nothing outside the march so nothing can be lost to it. The missing plays of Sophocles will turn up piece by piece, or be written again in another language. Ancient cures for diseases will reveal themselves once more. Mathematical discoveries glimpsed and lost to view will have their time again. You do not suppose, my lady, that if all of Archimedes had been hiding in the great library of Alexandria, we would be at a loss for a corkscrew? ...'^ p.20.

 Act II, Scene 3

'Lady Croom We are intruding here - this will not do, Mr Hodge. Evidently, nothing is being learned. (To Noakes) Come along, sir! 

Thomasina Mr Noakes - bad news from Paris! 

Noakes Is it the Emperor Napoleon? 

Thomasina No. (She tears the page off her drawing block, with her "diagram" on it) It concerns your heat engine. Improve it as you will, you can never get out of it what you put in. It repays eleven pence in the shilling at most. The penny is for this author's thoughts. 

She gives the diagram to Septimus who looks at it.' p.74
...
Now Septimus retrieves his book from Thomasina. He turns the pages, and also continues to study Thomasina's diagram. ... 

Septimus Why does it mean Mr Noakes's engine pays eleven pence in the shilling? Where does he say it? 

Thomasina Nowhere. I noticed it by the way. I cannot remember now. 

Septimus Nor is he interested by determinism -------

Thomasina Oh... yes. Newton's equations go forwards and backwards, they do not care which way. But the heat equation cares very much, it goes only one way. That is the reason Mr Noakes's engine cannot give the power to drive Mr Noakes's engine. 

Septimus Everybody knows that. 

Thomasina Yes, Septimus, they know it about engines! 

Pause. He looks at his watch 

Septimus A quarter to twelve. For your essay this week, explicate your diagram. 

Thomasina I cannot. I do not know the mathematics. 

Septimus Without mathematics, then.' p.75.

 
Tom Stoppard, (1993) Arcadia (Playscript), Faber & Faber, pb. ISBN 9780571169344.
https://www.faber.co.uk/product/9780571169344-arcadia/

My text source:
https://collegearts.yale.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/arcadia_by_tom_stoppard.pdf 

^ n.b. This was therapeutic, but I still mourn the losses from Alexandria and other libraries ... today.