Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD

Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Thursday, July 16, 2026

How is your Odyssey (thus far ...)?

THE ODYSSEY

As a tool for lifelong learning Hodges' model must be capable of providing a structure through which a narrative can woven. A person's career, as in work, is another distinct example. And again the 'health career' through health, illness, physical and mental trials and tribulations is perhaps the prime example. As the example, it forms the basis of myth underpinning the world's cultures, pre- and ancient histories.

Tomorrow, is the day of "Two Odysseys". No: this is not 2001, 2010, 2061 or 3001.

One odyssey, heads off to the South West, to a place where the land ends, apparently. Memories to be made, a story to unfold.

The other, is based on a voyage: an incredible tale, an epic journey - the epic (in the west). This ODYSSEY will be found in the cinema (and not on a phone, TV, PC, laptop ...); and vitally also in an amazing book. Recounting, what was originally the oral tale of Odysseus on his fantastical 10-year journey home after the Trojan War.

Hodges' model provides a structure to weave this narrative, the twists and turns of patients, carers, students and personnel - all the narrative forms.

Image: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_odyssey_2026

See also: The Hero's Journey and Joseph Campbell

Wednesday, July 15, 2026

Project 2000: The Judge Report 1985

Somehow, or perhaps that is being kind, I have a feeling that sources on the history of 'recent' nurse education may come to the fore. It is interesting that the guest editorial below reflects itself on the preceding 25 years. Not just several cohorts of students, careers, but a whole life-time. 

We must hope today, that British nurse educators can find more security, if not the contentedness described by Rye in 1985 ...

'The main principles for policy change contained in the commission's report are as follows.

1 The uncoupling of education from service. Students should no longer be employees of the National Health Service. Nursing education should now be part of the main-stream of higher education, students being financed through a suggested bursary system.

2 A single level of basic nurse qualification leading to registration.

3 Curriculum development (as discussed in chapter 4 of the report) must take into account the need to retain certain speciality options, and prepare students for practice both in hospital and community settings. It creates the possibility of direct entry into district nursing, health visiting and midwifery. 

This 3-year course would have educational credibility as it will be at diploma level, the first year being a foundation programme, furnishing a basis for informed choice later. The second year would contain practical placements (in the community, adult nursing and mental health). It would consist of three modules, the first to be based in a community setting, the second (focused upon the nursing of adults) in a hospital setting, and the third in a variety of environments related to mental health. Roughly 30% of the time will be dedicated to carefully supervised practice in clinical settings. The final year will be characterized by increased specialization. The opportunity to make a selection from a number of available modules will equip each successful student to become registered and to take up work either in an institutional or non-institutional setting. The academic award will be that of Diploma in Nursing Studies. 
...
This new approach to nursing education will not create a 'generic' nurse, but will prepare students to work in their chosen speciality in hospital or in the community. If nurses are to respond to the changing patterns of health care, it is critical for future development that preparation for working in the community takes place in the basic diploma programmes. This may be seen as one of the more controversial implications of the report, but the profession must address itself now to these matters, as nursing education must become more flexible and capable of change to meet the needs of clients.'

See also: #RCN26 RCN Congress - Nurse Education 

Rye, D.H. (1985), THE EDUCATION OF NURSES: A NEW DISPENSATION. THE REPORT OF THE RCN COMMISSION ON NURSING EDUCATION. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 10: 505-506. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1985.tb00540.x

Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain)., & Judge, H. G. (1985). The education of nurses : a new dispensation. Royal College of Nursing. (Classed as a Book.)

See also: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/p889dx97

https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/10084/1/ouseycontent_9838.pdf

Tuesday, July 14, 2026

Health Literacy UK (HLUK) Conference 4 March 2027 in Manchester

Communicating and delivering health
and care that people can understand and use

Manchester 2027 – Where Health Literacy Takes Centre Stage

Join Health Literacy UK on 4 March 2027 for an exciting national conference bringing together passionate voices from across healthcare, public health, academia, local government and the voluntary sector. Expect inspiring keynote speakers, practical learning, fresh ideas and powerful conversations focused on making health information and services accessible to all. Whether you’re new to health literacy or leading change in your organisation, this is an event you won’t want to miss.

Please see HLUK where additional details are provided and will follow:

https://healthliteracy.org.uk/hluk-conference-4th-march-2027/

n.b. I hope to see you there!

Monday, July 13, 2026

2nd International Conference on Health Medical Systems and Services (HMSS 2026)

Dear Colleague,

🚨 Last Chance to Submit – Deadline: August 05, 2026

Are you shaping the future of smart, secure healthcare? Join global pioneers at the

The 2nd International Conference on

Health Medical Systems and Services (HMSS 2026)

📍 When & Where? 17–20 November 2026 | Barcelona, Spain

🌐 Explore More: https://hmss-conference.org

📝 Submission Portal: https://hmss-conference.org/authors.php

💡 From AI to cybersecurity, health and medical informatics, and digital health breakthroughs—HMSS 2026 is where innovation meets real-world impact.

🎓 IEEE-indexed (https://conferences.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/71742)

🚀 Submit your paper today and take part in redefining healthcare technology!
📧 Questions? Reach us at: info AT hmss-conference.org

Warm regards,
HMSS 2026 Organizing Committee


My source: SOCIOTECH List at JISCMAIL.AC.UK

Sunday, July 12, 2026

Level Headed Questions about Identity

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL
: SCIENCES             
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   
|
group

Individual - Person
IDENTITY
 Personality
Character
Traits
 
Spiritual identity
 
Religious identity


brain in a vat 
thought experiment
  
SPIRIT level
 
 
'LEVEL HEAD'

Social identity (cohesion)

Collective & Cultural identity
 
Role & Family identity
 
Relational identity
Languages

media(-ted) identities

Local / Regional identity

National identity:
North-South :: West-East divide

Organisational / Inst. identity
Political
 
GLOBAL
NORTH:SOUTH 

 

The Legend of St Edmund and the Wolf

Source: 'The Bay Horse' local pub and Coffee House.

Previously: 'identity' : 'philosophy' : 'alcohol' : 'South' : 'language'

Saturday, July 11, 2026

Leapspace iii - References ii

Regards the two other references listed by Leapspace in the previous post:

Jones, P. (2009) Socio-technical structures, 4Ps and hodges' model. Nursing and Clinical Informatics: Socio-Technical Approaches. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-234-3.ch011 

Jones, P. (2011) Socio-technical structures, 4Ps and hodges' model. Clinical Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-561-2.ch215 

The doi links above lead to a page where to read the 'View Full Text HTML', or 'PDF' you need a login. This suggests a paywall(?), but the paper can be found here:

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1842543&rec=1&srcabs=886584&alg=7&pos=3

These are not the original reference or title:

Jones, P. (2009) Socio-Technical Structures, the Scope of Informatics and Hodges’ model, IN, Staudinger, R., Ostermann, H., Bettina Staudinger, B. (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Nursing Informatics and Socio-Technical Structures, Idea Group Publishing, Inc. Chap. 11, pp. 160-174.

I am unable to check fully, but it appears in 2011, the paper was republished in another collection. It is nice to have a 'bovine' experience, with a lesson about copyright, open access, and predatory publishing. Alteration of titles is bound to result in repetition, confounding the accuracy of publication metrics and indices?

I am not going to add the second reference to the blog's bibliography.

"Train midwives as nurses" - Ockenden

Re. Ockenden Report

Catching up on the newspapers, I noticed in the Times reporting of Ockenden calling for midwives to train as nurses first. Provoking debate about nurse education.

Within maternity services there are problems with continuity of care and skills in dealing with complex cases:

'Maternal Deaths 

60. The Review examined 27 maternal deaths that occurred between 2006-2024. Five cases fell outside of the Terms of Reference of the Review. Of the 22 remaining cases, reviewers identified failures in care that may have or substantially impacted on the outcome in six deaths. 

61. The profile of maternal deaths at NUH over this period broadly aligned with the known demographics and causes as identified by MBRRACE. 11 of the deaths occurred to women living in the most deprived areas of the city and 14 occurred amongst women who were not white British.

62. The common failures reviewers identified that might prevent future maternal deaths included: listening to women and families and acting promptly on concerns; continuity of care particularly for those with additional social/medical complexities; robust clinical governance to ensure timely information sharing across organisations and prompt access to imaging for women presenting with concerning neurological symptoms.' xiv

AI Overview (Ecosia) suggests that although direct entry to midwifery has always been possible(?), the English National Board created the pathway some 39 years ago.

The Ockenden Report describes how in combination health systems, culture, leadership and training can contribute to compassion fatigue (p.313).

When you look at Hodges' model and our languages, a great many challenges for curricula, training and education programmes can be found. The most powerful of what can be progressive, or threats are invariably mechanistic:

  • shorten
  • bypass
  • shortcut
  • cutting corners
  • short-circuit

Nursing must always move forward, continuous professional development is built on this principle. In the late 70s and 1980s post-registered qualifications were held in high esteem. Especially midwifery, paediatrics, health visiting, emergency and intensive care. 

Clearly, decision and policymakers can underestimate the value of basic nurse training. Having an idea since childhood is brilliant, but at interview saying you're compassionate and want to make a difference will soon be tested. Sometimes as a student rather bluntly, as with a first placement in forensic nursing. I wonder how many students have been lost there? I'm sure the majority will cope, manage, enjoy and prosper, but I've seen the student peers who miss these cohort members on subsequent learning experiences. What preparation is employed?

Basic nurse training, is just that. Demonstrating competence in communication, awareness of basic needs and how these are expressed behaviourally. What interpersonal skills and knowledge are needed. As highlighted before, the director of nurse education worried about those of us who worked as nursing assistants risked being trained in poor care. Not recognising 'bad practice', a 'poor attitude', not using observation and most important of all listening: to what is said and unsaid. When I started I remember thinking about not responding - as individually programmed to do so, through a reflex action. That was a worry back then. 

While the news in the Ockenden Report is bleak. The depth of the report (for me) is manifest in identification of not only socioeconomic factors, but sociotechnical too (with five mentions) and the critical interplay of seeing (and hearing!) the individual amid the collective:

'2. Fetal monitoring

Rather than reflecting simple failures of individual interpretation, growing evidence suggests that intrapartum fetal monitoring is best understood as a complex sociotechnical practice, shaped by system design, workload, team dynamics, guideline variability and organisational culture.119 Continuous CTG itself has well-recognised limitations, including poor specificity for predicting long-term neonatal outcomes and substantial inter- and intra-observer variation in interpretation.5 Reviews of intrapartum care are therefore unavoidably influenced by retrospective bias, with greater apparent clarity afforded by knowledge of the outcome than was available to clinicians at the time. 

However, despite this, a sociotechnical understanding does not negate the importance of examining individual cases in which intrapartum monitoring was demonstrably substandard. National inquiries and confidential reviews repeatedly describe cases involving sustained failure to recognise pathological fetal heart-rate patterns, delayed escalation despite repeated triggers, and missed opportunities for timely intervention. 2,3,120,121 These cases cannot be explained solely by the inherent limitations of CTG or by hindsight bias.' p.143.

It is quite shocking to hear this conclusion: the need to train as a nurse first. Counterarguments: where is the evidence(?!) - have followed. But then if you undervalue and miss the fundamentals (see Hodges' model!) then individuals, families, communities, students, practitioners, services and systems suffer.

Previously: 'maternity' : 'report' : 'safety'

Friday, July 10, 2026

Leapspace ii - References

Of the references listed by LEAPSPACE #6 stood out:

Merritt, M.K., Procter, N. (2010) Conceptualising the functional role of mental health consultation-liaison nurse in multi-morbidity, using Peplau's nursing theory. Contemporary Nurse. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2010.34.2.158 

Had I missed this? When I hear (read) of new citation for Hodges' model, it is added to the blog's bibliography. So, what about this one?

I could not access the full-paper initially, but did so at:

https://lmscontent.embanet.com/MVU/NURS600/Readings/W3_Peplau.pdf

I can see that Merrit and Proctor reference the following [#16 of 1-46]:

Jones, P. (1998). Hodges’ health career – Care domains – Model, nursing – Art or science? Retrieved October 4, 2009, from http://www.pjones.demon.co.uk/holsci.html

This additional cognitive and motivational nourishment is welcome. They are spot on with '1998', the year the former website (p-jones.demon.co.uk) went live. 

Pre-2015 and indicative of (what will increasingly follow) from AI, LLMs, agentic ai - LEAPSPACE found a page on the now archived website:

https://web.archive.org/web/20150409004111/http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/index.htm

While a positive, perhaps (again) we should worry about regurgitation? Although on another level perhaps the definition of 'grey literature' is also being (has been) redefined?

There is a positive in the author's acknowledgement of Hodges' model on several counts, being associated with:

  • Highlighting the need for inclusion of mental health/illness (parity of esteem);
  • Peplau's seminal work;
  • A search to link mental health with other specialities (emergency, liaison, burns);
  • Recognition of the inverse (psychological care within medicine); 
  • The fact of being listed with Phil Barker (Tidal Model). 

Negatively, on the archived homepage (above) many links to content may not work:

The (rather short but referenced) page Merrit and Proctor list is available here:

https://web.archive.org/web/20111018204743/http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/holsci.html

I will insert this paper in the bibliographical listing; and revisit this.

Thursday, July 09, 2026

Leapspace? Why not ...?

Referred to a paper in an email: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112401.

- I noticed an invitation to try Leapspace

So I leapt (with much editing - for formatting here). ...


 
Copilot steps

Creating a plan to respond to your query

Performing search for foundational documents
Performing keyword search
Using data from Scopus
("Hodges' model" OR "Hodges model" OR "Hodges' health career model" OR "health career model" OR "care domains model") AND (nursing OR healthcare OR "health care" OR education) AND (domain* OR component* OR framework OR concept* OR definition*)

Performing natural language search
Using data from Scopus
What are the conceptual definitions, domains, and components of Hodges' model in nursing and healthcare education?

Performing keyword search
Using data from Full text
("Hodges' model" OR "Hodges model" OR "care domains") AND (diagram* OR figure* OR visual* OR schema) AND (teach* OR education OR curriculum OR learning) AND (critique OR adaptation* OR application*) AND (method* OR framework OR discussion)

Performing natural language search
Using data from Full text
How is Hodges' model represented, taught, and adapted in nursing or healthcare education, including diagrams and critiques?

Performing keyword search
Using data from Scopus
("Hodges' model" OR "Hodges model" OR "care domains framework") AND (application* OR use OR implementation OR practice) AND (critique* OR limitation* OR adaptation* OR evaluation*) AND (nursing OR healthcare OR "health care")

Performing natural language search
Using data from Scopus
What applications and critiques of Hodges' care domains framework have been reported in nursing and healthcare practice?

Done

Generated by LeapSpace, Thu Jul 09 2026

Hodges' health career - care domains - model

Hodges’ Health Career – Care Domains – Model is a generic, practice-based conceptual framework for health and social care that organizes thinking into four knowledge/care domains: science, political, sociology, and interpersonal. It is presented as broadly applicable across healthcare contexts and is used to structure reflection, critical thinking, and care planning. [1] [2] [3]

Core domains

Domain

What it covers

How it is used

Science

Cause and effect, evidence, costs, benefits, and trade-offs

Helps frame the “hard” evidence side of care and service decisions. [1]

Political

Policy, systems, and structural influences on care

Helps connect care to wider health and social policy contexts. [1] [4]

Sociology

Social context, culture, stigma, and relationships

Helps explain how social factors shape health and illness experiences. [1] [5]

Interpersonal

Therapeutic relationships, patient/carer engagement, and human interaction

Supports person-centred and relational practice. [1] [2] [6]

What the model is for

  • It is described as universal in structure and adaptable to many healthcare settings, including informatics, dementia/palliative care, forensic mental health, and oral health. [2] [3] [4] [7] [8]

  • It helps practitioners map concepts into domains, build a mind-map-like structure, and support reflective practice and critical thinking. [3] [9]

  • In forensic mental health nursing, it is proposed as a way to guide assessment, decision-making, and recovery-oriented practice. [2]

Bottom line

Hodges’ model is best understood as a four-domain lens for integrating clinical evidence, policy, social context, and relationships into one framework for care and reflection. Its main value is not in prescribing a single care process, but in helping users think more holistically and systematically about health problems and care systems. [1] [2] [3]

Confidence level: High — multiple sources consistently describe the model’s four domains, generic structure, and broad healthcare applications.

References

  1. Fox, Siobhán, FitzGerald, Carol, Harrison Dening, Karen, (...), Timmons, Suzanne (2017) Better palliative care for people with a dementia: summary of interdisciplinary workshop highlighting current gaps and recommendations for future research. BMC Palliative Care. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-017-0221-0

  2. Doyle, M., Jones, P. (2013) Hodges' Health Career Model and its role and potential application in forensic mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01961.x

  3. Jones, P., Wirnitzer, K. (2022) Hodges' model: The Sustainable Development Goals and public health - Universal health coverage demands a universal framework. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000254

  4. Bettiol, S., Jones, P., Onyedikachi, H.A., Kernohan, W.G. (2026) Bridging Gaps in Oral Health Frameworks: Mapping With Hodges' Health Career - Care Domains - Model. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.70034

  5. Jones, P. (2008) Exploring serres' atlas, Hodges' knowledge domains and the fusion of informatics and cultural horizons. Social Information Technology: Connecting Society and Cultural Issues. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-774-4.ch007

  6. Merritt, M.K., Procter, N. (2010) Conceptualising the functional role of mental health consultation-liaison nurse in multi-morbidity, using Peplau's nursing theory. Contemporary Nurse. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2010.34.2.158

  7. Jones, P. (2009) Socio-technical structures, 4Ps and hodges' model. Nursing and Clinical Informatics: Socio-Technical Approaches. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-234-3.ch011

  8. Jones, P. (2011) Socio-technical structures, 4Ps and hodges' model. Clinical Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-561-2.ch215

  9. Jones, P. (2025) A Generic Model and Conceptual Framework to Prime Curiosity Across Health and Social Care Disciplines to Facilitate Lifelong Learning. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.70252

Follow-up Suggestions 

What are the key components of Hodges' health career care domains model?

How does Hodges' model apply to interdisciplinary health care practices?

What are the implications of Hodges' health career care domains model for patient-centered care?

Tuesday, July 07, 2026

Choose to Treat appeal, 7–14 July 2026



Donate here between 7–14 July and your donation will be doubled! 

'Water is scarce in Mauritania and people have little choice but to bathe, wash clothes, care for their animals, and cool off in the same pools. But the water that brings relief also carries schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that silently damages the kidneys, stunts growth, impairs learning, and steals futures.

Through our collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Amadou (pictured*) received treatment, and he recovered. But many children in Mauritania still require it. Without continued access to treatment, Amadou and thousands like him remain at risk every time they enter the water.

When people cannot avoid exposure, access to safe, effective treatment is their best protection. A single donation can help protect children like Amadou and support their health at a critical stage in their childhood.' ... 'Choose to Treat appeal'


 


Previous related posts: 'neglected tropical diseases' : 'SDGs'