Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: care

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts with label care. Show all posts
Showing posts with label care. Show all posts

Sunday, November 01, 2026

1st Interpersonal Philosophy Network Workshop 2027

University of Lethbridge, AB, Canada | 2-3 April

The Interpersonal Philosophy Network (IPN), in collaboration with the Critical Thinking & Civic Engagement Lab at the University of Lethbridge, invite abstract submissions for a two-day workshop exploring philosophical questions concerning interpersonal relations.

The workshop aims to bring together researchers working on the nature, value, and normative significance of our relations with others. We welcome contributions from a wide range of philosophical traditions and subfields.

Keynote Speakers

(1) Kimberly Brownlee (University of British Columbia)
(2) John Bengson (University of Texas at Austin)

Abstract Submission

We invite submissions on any topic related to the philosophy of interpersonal relations, though we are particularly interested in the epistemology, ethics, and politics of interpersonal relations. For example, papers might address topics such as:
  • Love, friendship, and care
  • Shared agency and collective intentionality
  • Collective or shared inquiry and epistemic cooperation
  • Solidarity, belonging, and community
  • Relational autonomy and freedom
  • The ethics and politics of human relationships
  • Interpersonal approaches to personhood and the self.
Please submit an anonymised PDF abstract (up to 1000 words) through the following form by 15 December, 2026:
https://forms.gle/jXPRqdNE2dzSQnEW7

Further Details - The workshop will feature:

Two keynote talks
Eight contributed papers

Presentations should be suitable for a 30-40 minute talk, followed by discussion.

Accepted speakers will receive a CAD $300 honorarium to help offset travel and accommodation expenses.

Participants are warmly invited to join an informal excursion to Waterton Lakes National Park on Sunday, 4 April 2027.

If you have any questions, please contact adham.elshazly AT uleth.ca.

Our best, 
Facundo, Adham, Paloma (Interpersonal Philosophy Network Committee).
--
Adham El Shazly
Assistant Professor
Department of Philosophy | University of Lethbridge
Website

My source: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/philosophy/philos-l/

Saturday, October 31, 2026

Further reading & review: 'Epistemic Care - Vulnerability, Inquiry, and Social Epistemology'

Epistemic Care

With the next book received for reading and review I must crack-on with Categories, which links my philosophy studies and healthcare theory and practice. The [N] time of year is right at least, for as close a reading as I can muster on both counts.

On the relational project, I'm simultaneously trying to look Hodges' model epistemologically and ontologically. Both texts will assist.

Many thanks to Alyvia Chiemingo - Customer Service Team Lead at Taylor & Francis Customer Services; and the 'Ethics of Argumentation' group for the tenth talk of 2026 by Casey Rebecca Johnson on “Care and Political Disagreement” (2nd October).


DESCRIPTION:

'This book uses the framework of care ethics to articulate a novel theory of our epistemic obligations to one another. It presents an original way to understand our epistemic vulnerabilities, our obligations in education, and our care duties toward others with whom we stand in epistemically vulnerable relationships.

As embodied and socially interdependent knowers, we have obligations to one another that are generated by our ability to care – that is, to meet each other’s epistemic vulnerabilities. The author begins the book by arguing that the same motivations that moved social epistemologists away from individualistic epistemology should motivate a move to a care-based theory. The following chapters outline our epistemic care duties to vulnerable agents, and offer criteria of epistemic goodness for communities of inquiry. Finally, the author discusses the tension between epistemic care and epistemic paternalism.

Epistemic Care will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in social epistemology, ethics, feminist philosophy, and philosophy of education.'

Casey Rebecca Johnson (2023) Epistemic Care - Vulnerability, Inquiry, and Social Epistemology. 1st Edition. London: Routledge.

Tuesday, October 20, 2026

AHRC ‘Crafting Care for People, Place and Planet Doctoral Focal College'

Dear all

We’re happy to announce that the AHRC ‘Crafting Care for People, Place and Planet Doctoral Focal College’ website is now live, with the 2027 competition launched here.

 

  • The deadline for the first stage of the funding competition is December 1st (for an EOI rather than a full application).
  • Guidance on Crafting Care’s four themes can be found here.  

 

Best wishes

Josie

 

Professor Josie Billington (she/her)

Department of English

Associate Dean for Research and Impact, School of the Arts

Lead, AHRC Doctoral Focal College, Crafting Care for Healthy People, Place and Planet

Co-Lead, Arts, Mental Health and Wellbeing Theme, Centre for Health, Arts, Society and Environment (CHASE)  

Co-Director, MA Health, Cultures and Societies

Rm 216, School of the Arts, 19-23 Abercromby Square, University of Liverpool.  L69 7ZG

Email: jbilling AT liverpool.ac.uk

My source: Bethan Evans c/o the NNMHR list

Thursday, October 01, 2026

Paper - 'Women's voices in rural Malawi: antenatal care research and community learning'

Dear HIFA colleagues,

My friend, Ted Lankester, suggested I share my recently published research with this community.

The paper, published in PLOS Global Public Health, explores women’s perceptions of pregnancy and antenatal care in Chizenga village, Chikwawa, Malawi. It arose from my MSc dissertation at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, with co-authors Deborah Nyirenda and Terry Kana.

Through interviews with 14 pregnant women, we explored how understanding of antenatal care interacts with transport costs, distance, nutritional constraints, gender dynamics and experiences of respectful and disrespectful care. Women also expressed a desire for more community-based education and outreach.

The full open-access paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005515

Layton H, Nyirenda D, Kana T (2026) A qualitative study to explore women’s perceptions of pregnancy and antenatal care in Chizenga village, Chikwawa, Malawi. PLOS Glob Public Health 6(9): e0005515. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005515

Their accounts inspired me to develop the Sangalala Maternal Health Partnership Programme with local partners, through The Reach Foundation UK. Our first cohort (39 women and 1 man) has recently completed the programme in Uganda, and we are now learning from participants’ experiences to strengthen it.

I would welcome members’ experiences of making maternal health information accessible and useful in rural communities, particularly where information needs sit alongside practical barriers to accessing care.

I promised the women who participated that I would help raise their voices. Sharing their perspectives and learning from this community is one way I hope to honour that promise.

Best Wishes,

Helen

HIFA profile [and my source]: Helen Layton is a Nurse and Global Health Consultant; Founder & Clinical Director, The Marula Institute; Co-founder & Executive Director, The Reach Foundation UK/Spain. My professional interests include maternal and child health, global health equity, respectful maternity care, community-led health education, and translating research into practice. As Co-founder and Executive Director of The Reach Foundation UK and Founder and Clinical Director of The Marula Institute, I am particularly interested in strengthening health systems, workforce education, safe care for children with complex needs, and ensuring women’s and families’ voices inform care. 
Helen AT cathcom.org

Friday, September 25, 2026

Living and Caring Dangerously

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL
: SCIENCES             
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   
|
group

mental health
 
Cognition

Inability to consent 

mental capacity
 


My liberty

Locked doors

Treatment - medication 

'Secure (safe)' environment
 

Family - friends

dignity, privacy, respect

vulnerability

Best interest decision


Lasting power of attorney -
finance; health

External safeguards

human rights

 

Sir Ranulph Fiennes ‘kept unlawfully in care home’ [ The Times ]

The explorer, 82, is being ‘deprived of his liberty’, according to the watchdog, and his wife Louise Millington-Cotes is refusing visitors.

Hannah Crowe. Friday, September 25 2026, 12.41am, The Times

 See also:

Living Dangerously: An Interview with Sir Ranulph Fiennes [Brighton Dome]
Wed 10th Apr 2019

From the bibliography (lower sidebar):

Hodges, B.E. (1989) The Health Career Model, IN, Hinchcliffe, S.M. (et al.) 1989 Nursing Practice and Health Care, 1st Edition only, London, Edward Arnold.

Adams, T. (1987) Dementia is a family affair. Community Outlook, Feb, 7-8.

Merritt MK, Procter N. Conceptualising the functional role of mental health consultation-liaison nurse in multi-morbidity, using Peplau's nursing theory. Contemp Nurse. 2010 Feb-Mar;34(2):158-66. doi: 10.5172/conu.2010.34.2.158. PMID: 20509800.

Murphy, K., Welford C. (2012) Agenda for the future: enhancing autonomy for older people in residential care. International Journal of Older People Nursing. 7, 75–80.

Kernohan, W. G., & Jones, P. (2023). Hodges’ Health Care Model as a Framework for Quality. Paper presented at Interprofessional work: developing oral care and the health workforce for the future, Brescia, Italy.
https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/hodges-health-care-model-as-a-framework-for-quality

Jones, P. (2025). A Conceptual Mapping Exercise of Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards in Residential & Community Care Using Hodges' Model and Threshold Concepts. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 31: e70085. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.70085

Jones, P. (2025), A Generic Model and Conceptual Framework to Prime Curiosity Across Health and Social Care Disciplines to Facilitate Lifelong Learning. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 31: e70252. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.70252

Previously: 'capacity' : 'law' : 'safeguarding' : 'health career'

I can't count the number of times in a nursing home, when a visit by a friend has re-ignited the flame of memory, passion and personhood; even if temporary. It was never my place to thank the friends for visiting, but they've made a difference, so crucial to acknowledge the courage on their part. Making the journey, being present and with. So difficult too, for families.

Wednesday, July 29, 2026

Arriving at Hodges' model via guided discovery ...

Following Brian Hodges’ lead in his notes, I have engaged a great many learners with a guided discussion through the following questions:

Questions

Answers

Outcome/Significance

Who do we care for?

The person, individual, patient, client, carer.The group, family, community, national/global population. The 'duty of care'. The Planet.

It is the individual (guardian) who consents to care. The subject at the top of the vertical axis of Hodges’ model is first identified. It is the person who consents to care (or their guardian); then the group occupies the bottom of the vertical axis.

What do we do to help deliver care?

We attempt - complete tasks and interact in ways that are both mechanistic and humanistic. We use procedures, equipment, devices, technologies, physical interventions; and the self – empathy, rapport listening, being present. Team work with effective communication, coordination and collaboration are also essential.

To care is to act. The horizontal axis is added, with humanistic to the reader’s left; and mechanistic to the right.

The axes are then complete, revealing the model’s ‘fixed’ structure. Interdisciplinary can be identified and further discussed.

What skills and knowledge do we need to care for the individual, family and populations?

Here we are concerned with the content of the given situation. This can encompass the whole curriculum and acknowledges experiential learning.

The epistemological and ontological scope and scale of health is revealed from self to planet. The importance of context and situation can be stressed. Including first-aid and its rules and risk assessment. Discussion visits and demonstrates the significance of each of the domains of Hodges’ model and the spiritual to participants. The relevance of Hodges' model to the 21st century, as a bio-psycho-socio-POLITICAL model is emphasised.

Previously: 'Hodges' model'.

Wednesday, June 24, 2026

Independent report - Ockenden review into maternity services at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

FINAL REPORT: 

'This independent review of maternity services at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH) considered the quality of care relating to newborn, infant and maternal harm at the trust.

This report covers the findings, conclusions and essential actions of this independent review of maternity services.

Based on a review of over 2,500 family cases that formed part of this investigation, the final report outlines:

  • local actions for learning that staff at the trust must do
  • system-wide learnings
  • immediate and essential actions to improve maternity and neonatal care

The Independent Maternity Review (known as the Ockenden review) was led by Donna Ockenden and involved a multi-professional team of more than 160 reviewers. The review team held individual meetings with over 500 families, and more than 830 current and former staff at NUH engaged with the review.'


https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a3bb59c4c7605ab567238ec/ockenden-report-review-of-maternity-services-nottingham-university-hospitals-nhs-trust-e-lay.pdf

https://www.ockendenmaternityreview.org.uk/

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL
: SCIENCES             
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   
|
group
 

listening

 
 Communication
Processes 
Health Systems
mothers
families
experience
LISTENING
staffing
funding

Previously: 'maternity' : 'risk' : 'safety' : 'compassion'

Tuesday, June 09, 2026

Typologies in nursing - Macduff (2007)

This paper was brought to my attention by the author Colin Macduff (now retired) who was Principal Investigator in a project [2018-2020] RIPEN. This included a series of workshops to which I was able to contribute. I knew this would be useful and must find the paper (in 14,1) also mentioned.

"What are typologies?

In relation to this initial question. Patton (2002) offers a useful definition and  distinction: 'Typologies are classification systems made up of categories that divide some aspect of the world into parts along a continuum. They differ from taxonomies, which completely classify a phenomenon through mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories, like the biological system for classifying species. Typologies, in contrast, are built on ideal types or illustrative  endpoints rather than a complete and discrete set of categories'." p.41.

'Most commonly, typology constructors such as Roberts-Davis et al  (1998) and Nolan et al (1995) present them as ways of clarifying thinking  rather than as rigid structures that are universally applicable. The difficulty  here is that within nursing discourse a number of other devices such as conceptual frameworks and models are also commonly used to this end.' p.42.

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL
: SCIENCES             
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   
|
group

 



Box 1: Typology of family care (Nolan et al 1995)
  1. Anticipatory care
  2. Preventive care  
  3. Supervisory care  
  4. Instrumental care  
  5. Protective care  
  6. Preservative care  
  7. (Re)constructive care  
  8. Reciprocal care p.44.




If you can obtain a copy^, do check out Box 2 and Figure 1, plus the discussion and conclusion.

Macduff, C. (2007). Typologies in nursing: A review of the literature. Nurse Researcher, 14(2), Article 2.  https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2007.01.14.2.40.c6020 (^Paywall)

Friday, May 29, 2026

'Elegy' by Gabriel Goliath - Venice Biennale

“Elegy is wound and medicine when mourning itself is under threat”

- Christina Sharpe & Rinaldo Walcott


Elegy is a life-work of mourning. It is a cry, a lament, a tender refrain of remembrance, repair and black feminist love.

For over a decade now, Gabrielle Goliath has staged performances of Elegy across South Africa and the world, invoking the absent presence of women and LGBTIQ+ people lost to fatal acts of racial-sexual violence. In each performance, a group of seven women singers enact a ritual of mourning, collectively sustaining a single, haunting tone for the course of an hour. As one singer falters, another steps up to pick up the note, and so it continues, a cyclic threading of shared breath and voice.

Each performance of Elegy is accompanied by a eulogistic text, scripted by a family member or friend of the individual commemorated: for Sinoxolo, Koketso, Noluvo, Lerato, Kerabo, and more… Other performances address historical cases of violence against women and otherwise-feminised bodies in colonial and slaveocratic contexts. For these, speculative texts by collaborating scholars reach across generations, geographies and archival erasures, recalling these ‘past’ losses and accounting for a present of anti-black, anti-femme violence.

Refusing spectacle and the objectification of bodies deemed rapeable and killable, Elegy asserts conditions of hope and avowal: affirming black, brown, indigenous, femme, queer and trans lives as loveable and grieveable. It is a work of regard, of specificity and care. For those immersed in its sonic vigil, it offers a space for shared grief and radical refusal - for the urgent, ongoing life-work of mourning.

. . .

Source: Gabriel Goliath - https://www.gabriellegoliath.com/

May 5 - July 31, elegyinvenice.com
individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group


reflection


temporal


Collective grief


violence

My source: Nadia Beard. A musical act of mourning, Venice Biennale, FTWeekend. 2/3 May 2026, p.5.

Thursday, May 21, 2026

June 4-5 'Ecologies of Care' - London, UK

With more to follow from RCN Congress, this morning I received the agenda for next month's conference 'Ecologies of Care'. I am speaking, first session on the Thursday, which is a good to know and see the broad range of presentations. 

The focus on attention, is helpful for a possible further event in October. In the meantime, the Call for Papers began:

Chancellor’s Hall, Senate House London

June 4 & 5, 2026

Keynote lecture by Professor Yves Citton

How do increasing demands on our attention influence what we know, and how we act, in response to climate change? Despite a strong scientific consensus that climate change is ongoing and anthropogenic, political and legal action remains fragmented. Ecologies of Care asks to what extent the environmental crisis is a crisis of attention. Speaking to the dynamics of the attention economy, Yves Citton notes that “the new scarcity is no longer to be situated on the side of material goods to be produced, but on the attention necessary to consume them.” The word ‘attention’ is etymologically linked to the notion of care, or that which one attends to. This relationship (of subject and object) is fundamentally collective, insofar as collective attentional regimes influence what each one of us pays attention to on a daily basis, and how we navigate the barrage of informational flows from popular media.

Terms such as "the Anthropocene" and "planetary boundaries" function both as scientific descriptors and attempts to provoke action commensurate to the urgency that scientists believe their research demonstrates. The recent decision not to formalize the Anthropocene as an official geological unit, for example, highlights growing unease concerning intensifying media attention directed at scientific expertise. Under conditions of increasing disparity between what we know, and how we act, in response to climate change, the role of scientific expertise plays an increasingly normative, and not only informative, function. Scientific expertise attempts to direct what we attend to, and consequently, how (or if) we care. This is a collective practice of narrating and internalizing mythologies, whereby informational flows draw attention to some thing that needs to be cared for: Earth, the planetary, capital, or each other.

Continued ...

 c/o Law and the Environmental Humanities Network

n.b. With little time, I'm not going to transfer the pdf text, but may add here.

Wednesday, May 20, 2026

#RCN26 RCN Congress - Nurse Education

If you think hard-enough all the debates at RCN Congress connect to 'education', but two are laser-focussed:

Protecting nurse education

Resolution submitted by the Education Forum
That this meeting of RCN Congress asks RCN Council to lobby UK governments to protect nurse education from university sector economic pressures.

Quality of clinical placements

Matter for discussion submitted by the Students Committee
That this meeting of RCN Congress discusses ways in which the quality of clinical placements can be ensured and consistent across all 4 countries.

For more senior colleagues, you may momentarily think back - all rose-tinted - to the pre-undergraduate Schools of Nursing, but you also realise change was needed and inevitable. A new millennium was fast approaching.

Now, however it seems within the university ecosystem, nursing is a threatened subject and discipline. Nurse education is exposed and itself vulnerable. In the 21st century fitness-stakes - finance wins:


individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group


mental fitness


physical fitness


SOCIAL VALUE 
& VALUES

FINANCIAL FITNESS

 

At RCN Congress, the status of nursing as a profession in the USA, was raised. Looking online, I found the following at the U.S. Department of Education: Myth vs. Fact: The Definition of Professional Degrees.

In January 2025 I posted about the situation at Cardiff University. At Congress the matter of the quality of clinical placements, became a resolution. The protection of nurse education provoked an impassioned and emotional debate. Student nurses seeing what is happening to nurse faculty. Nurse faculty seeing the years of experience 'walk' be-pushed out through the door. It seems there is no collective noun for a group, or collection of redundancies. Mass comes to mind, especially in this instance. A 'rash' seems appropriate. But, the condition is more serious and bears further investigation:

As a Google search demonstrates - https://share.google/SViFPWuJovKWhErEE

IT doesn't stop there ...

How many of us (nurses, and other 'professionals') are seeing job offers(?) such as:

Remote
Contract

$35/hr - $80/hr (this is lower than others ...)

About the job

Nursing Informatics Specialist (AI Training)

About The Role

Your clinical knowledge is more valuable than you think — beyond the bedside. We're looking for experienced nursing professionals to help train and evaluate AI systems built for healthcare. As a Nursing Informatics Specialist at Alignerr, you'll apply your frontline expertise to ensure AI understands real-world clinical workflows, EHR systems, and nursing documentation the way actual nurses do.

This is a unique opportunity to work at the intersection of nursing practice and cutting-edge AI — on your own schedule, from anywhere.

  • Organization: ---------
  • Type: Hourly Contract
  • Location: Remote
  • Commitment: 10–40 hours/week

What You'll Do

  • Evaluate AI-generated clinical content for accuracy, safety, and alignment with real nursing workflows
  • Review and annotate EHR documentation scenarios, flagging errors or gaps in clinical reasoning
  • Translate nursing practice knowledge into structured feedback that improves AI model outputs
  • Assess how well AI systems reflect clinical informatics best practices across areas like documentation, data integrity, and care coordination
  • Provide expert insight on health IT tools, including EHR platforms such as Epic or Cerner
  • Work independently and asynchronously on task-based assignments

Who You Are

  • Registered Nurse (RN) or equivalent clinical background with hands-on experience in a healthcare setting
  • Familiar with EHR systems and clinical documentation workflows
  • Able to analyze clinical scenarios and communicate clear, structured feedback
  • Detail-oriented with strong written communication skills
  • Self-motivated and comfortable working independently in a remote environment
  • No prior AI experience required — your clinical expertise is what matters

Nice to Have

  • Experience in clinical informatics, health IT, or nursing informatics roles
  • Familiarity with data annotation, quality review, or evaluation processes
  • Background in quality improvement, patient safety, or clinical education
  • Exposure to health data standards (e.g., HL7, FHIR, SNOMED)

Why Join Us

  • Work on cutting-edge AI projects with leading research labs and AI teams
  • Fully remote and flexible — set your own hours and work at your own pace
  • Freelance perks: autonomy, variety, and global collaboration
  • Apply your nursing expertise in a completely new and impactful way
  • Contribute to AI that could meaningfully improve how healthcare technology serves patients and clinicians
  • Potential for ongoing work and contract extension

You might think (no pun intended!): 

'Well this all about informatics. Don't worry - it will all work out fine!'

But, please notice, the clinical and nursing requirement:

"Registered Nurse (RN) or equivalent clinical background with hands-on experience in a healthcare setting."

Not exactly, Hodges' model is it? Even if specific to this role, what does it say:

  • about :: the title of 'Registered Nurse'
  • about :: Nurses and Nursing as a Profession
  • and :: to search engines and agentic AI?

So be aware, and concerned (worried even!) for nursing and nurse education ... 
for the humanity of healthcare:


individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group

de-humanisation

BIG TECH


"Where has everyone gone?"
Social values
Social justice

What about research, debate, evidence..?
 


Nursing Faculty
Universities as Institutions that reflect Society
Why is there an echo in here?
It's been hollowed out.

P.S. I am not a technophobe. Previously: 'AI' : 'SOCIO-technical'