Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: expertise

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts with label expertise. Show all posts
Showing posts with label expertise. Show all posts

Friday, August 28, 2026

Disciplines in Disarray - Scope of Practice, Disciplinary boundaries

To be in a state of disarray, is to be disarmed, without access to resources, or at least having an impaired ability to organise strategically for reasons of defence, disputation or argument. Constructive debate will be hard to achieve and so the confusion continues.

Prior to 2013 ideas for a paper with a would-be co-author began. Early that year there were 5000 words. There's probably mention of (another!) project on these pages – somewhere/when? The focus was using Hodges' model to explore 'scope of practice' in nursing. As the conceptual gift that keeps giving, Hodges' model can encompass all health disciplines, curricula, and professions, informal caring and social care too.

This post is prompt-ed (human ‘intelligence’ needs a nudge too) by ‘discussion’ on what was twitter, and currently on ‘X’. So in turn I can reflect on how relevant this paper would be today.

I still have that draft of over 5000 words. It is now woefully out-of-date. Out-of-date? Well the available job postings across the health and care sectors, have always changed. If you scan the paper copies of  Nursing Times, Nursing Standard, Nursing Mirror (anyone?) and the BMJ, The Lancet, Health Service Journal over three-four decades the evidence is clear. Then try the e-media, (and with it AI!)?

Now, for several years the impacts of  policy and change in advanced nursing practice, plus associate roles, that have also been applied in medical training and education are coming home to roost. Depending on your corner, and position in the debate there's a position called 'Noctor' (Vaughan and Kar, 2026).

I find it regrettable that consultants and 'senior' nurses have taken corners, as policy results in grossly negative examples with potentially safety consequences. There has always been a 'distance' to be bridged between health disciplines. In the past any sense of competition was usually, and so constructively patient-centred - grounded in the delivery and quality of care. The contest was tempered through mutual respect and dignity, and recognition of respective roles, knowledge, abilities and contribution to what is (and remains?) the multidisciplinary team?

Now with technology and AI in the mix, maintaining goodwill, common-sense and keeping the patient, public and future generations in sight will need a degree of diplomacy as yet not called-upon.

This made me think of the unions in the 1970s and more recent examples of work-to-rule. 

As health professionals argue between themselves, what is the cost of distraction?

Yes, that paper using Hodges' model on 'scope of practice (and theory!)' would be timely now.
In fact, it is urgently needed.

Vaughan L, Kar P. Vexatious complaints are being weaponised to discourage debate BMJ 2026; 394 :e100697 doi:10.1136/bmj-2026-100697 

Previously: 'scope' : 'publications'

Thursday, May 21, 2026

June 4-5 'Ecologies of Care' - London, UK

With more to follow from RCN Congress, this morning I received the agenda for next month's conference 'Ecologies of Care'. I am speaking, first session on the Thursday, which is a good to know and see the broad range of presentations. 

The focus on attention, is helpful for a possible further event in October. In the meantime, the Call for Papers began:

Chancellor’s Hall, Senate House London

June 4 & 5, 2026

Keynote lecture by Professor Yves Citton

How do increasing demands on our attention influence what we know, and how we act, in response to climate change? Despite a strong scientific consensus that climate change is ongoing and anthropogenic, political and legal action remains fragmented. Ecologies of Care asks to what extent the environmental crisis is a crisis of attention. Speaking to the dynamics of the attention economy, Yves Citton notes that “the new scarcity is no longer to be situated on the side of material goods to be produced, but on the attention necessary to consume them.” The word ‘attention’ is etymologically linked to the notion of care, or that which one attends to. This relationship (of subject and object) is fundamentally collective, insofar as collective attentional regimes influence what each one of us pays attention to on a daily basis, and how we navigate the barrage of informational flows from popular media.

Terms such as "the Anthropocene" and "planetary boundaries" function both as scientific descriptors and attempts to provoke action commensurate to the urgency that scientists believe their research demonstrates. The recent decision not to formalize the Anthropocene as an official geological unit, for example, highlights growing unease concerning intensifying media attention directed at scientific expertise. Under conditions of increasing disparity between what we know, and how we act, in response to climate change, the role of scientific expertise plays an increasingly normative, and not only informative, function. Scientific expertise attempts to direct what we attend to, and consequently, how (or if) we care. This is a collective practice of narrating and internalizing mythologies, whereby informational flows draw attention to some thing that needs to be cared for: Earth, the planetary, capital, or each other.

Continued ...

 c/o Law and the Environmental Humanities Network

n.b. With little time, I'm not going to transfer the pdf text, but may add here.

Friday, January 30, 2026

ERCIM News No. 143 Special theme: "AI for Science"

 
Dear ERCIM News reader,

ERCIM News 143 is now online! The articles in this special theme show that AI is no longer a peripheral tool in science, but a central part of research practice across disciplines. AI for Science is reshaping how research is organised, understood, and conducted, while also raising important questions about trust, transparency, energy use, and the evolving role of human expertise.

Read the January 2026 Issue


This issue in PDF


This special theme was coordinated by our guest editors Edina Nemeth (SZTAKI) and Alexandre Termier (University of Rennes – Inria/IRISA).


My source:
Peter Kunz ERCIM https://www.ercim.eu https://ercim-news.ercim.eu

Saturday, March 08, 2025

AI, Nursing, Safety and presentation - 1st Aug 2-3pm

Hodges' model was not created primarily as a safety tool. It cannot claim to achieve or adhere to an ISO standard. ISO 45001 - health and safety management standard, for example. There is however a relation to clinical risk across healthcare professions, disciplines and clinical fields, including community and public (mental) health. To which of course we must now add planetary health. That said, the question of ISO safety and quality standards for Hodges' model has not been assessed. What exactly would certification entail? Would this process be appropriate for what is a generic - foundational tool?

What this means, however, is that as a situated model for reflection, reflective practice and critical thinking Hodges' model constitutes a deliberative step in the right (formal) direction. As noted previously, in template form, Hodges' model acknowledges the initial personal, professional and organisational standards that (must) shape our clinical encounters. That is, if assessed (as students - and our peers clearly are, and you would expect to be), unconditional positive regard would be observed, supported by the required standards of professional behaviour. 

There is another step here. The ethical and legal edict of 'do no harm' must also be central to care delivery, outcomes and evaluation. So from the outset, implicit in Hodges' model is the (NON-LEGAL) statement:

You, the practitioner - agent (student - and your mentor/supervisor) will not knowingly, or through professional ignorance, or neglect  cause physical, psychological, social (cultural), political (power), or spiritual harm to the patient - subject (or their carer - guardian/proxy).

There is no escape from AI and Large Language Models as I noticed in FTWeekend:

'Jilin University Hospital in the eastern city of Changchun has rolled out a diagnostic tool it claims can produce treatment plans through DeepSeek consulting the hospital's database, medical guidelines and drug efficacy results. Jinxin Women and Children's Hospital in south-western China said it had a tool for patients to track their ovulation cycles, with test results combined with the hospital's patient data to produce personalised fertility plans.

One doctor at public hospital in Hubei province in central China said the institution's leadership had issued a directive that DeepSeek should be used as a third-party arbiter if two doctors have differing views on treatment.
 
There have been rollouts in public hospitals in Chengdu, Hangzhou and Wuhan for less complex applications, such as digital nurses directing patients to the right consulting room or explaining complicated medical reports.
 
Several industry insiders warned against taking all the announcements at face value, as some companies were trying to capture investor enthusiasm around DeepSeek without meaningfully deploying its models. Meanwhile, government bodies are also under political pressure to be seen as aligned with China's AI darling.
 
The SOE tech supplier said "much work still needs to be done to make these models useful" for more complex work such as medical diagnosis. "It must be trained on enough medical data to produce good results. This will take time and needs collaboration from leading AI companies. It is not something hospitals can buld on their own."

Another doctor described a move to deploy DeepSeek last week at a hospital in eastern Zhejiang as a "publicity stunt".

Even if some announcements should be treated with scepticism, experts say the willingness to test out its models still marks a step change.'
Edited for formatting, some text is emphasised. A vast array of conditions can be substituted (parametrised) for 'fertility'. While nursing is mentioned there is little on testing, but for 'plans' we can read nursing assessment, plans, and evaluations. 

Returning to safety. Following an online chat yesterday, I've an online presentation to the Patient Safety Management Network [Patient Safety Hub] pencilled in for 1st August 2-3pm. Comprised of 40 minutes with questions following - I will, as discussed - focus upon:
  • Introduction to the model
  • How it can be applied in different situations – safety/risk/improvement
  • Examples of its use
This is progress - a step to develop Hodges' model and reveal the limits of the bio-psycho-social model.

^soe - state-owned enterprises.

Olcott, E., Ding, W. AI challenger DeepSeek spreads rapidly across China with the blessing of Beijing, FTWeekend, 1-2 March, 2025. p.13.

Tuesday, March 04, 2025

Postdoc “Citizen Science” (V25.0121) at Univ of Groningen

We're hiring:

Postdoc in Citizen Science at the University of Groningen

Are you passionate about public engagement with science and citizen science? Do you want to develop and work on projects that connect academia with society and make a real impact? We have an exciting Postdoc position available in our Citizen Science team!
Please note: You should be able to speak Dutch...

📅 Apply by March 23, 2025
🔗 Learn more & apply here: https://lnkd.in/emsFzdgJ

Feel free to share in your network.

Cheers,
Henk

Dr. Henk A.J. Mulder
Master Science Education and Communication &
Bèta Wetenschapswinkel (Science Shop @ Science LinX),
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (University of Groningen)
Dr. Henk A.J. Mulder
Energy Academy/IREES
kamer/room 5158.0222
Nijenborgh 6
9747 AG Groningen
The Netherlands
h.a.j.mulder AT rug.nl
http://www.rug.nl/staff/h.a.j.mulder/
http://www.rug.nl/society-business/science-shops/
http://www.rug.nl/masters/educatie-en-communicatie-in-de-wiskunde-en-natuurwetenschappen/

Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC  --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group

my ACADEMIC CAREER
my LANGUAGE SKILLS
my LIFE EXPERIENCE
my PASSIONS


SCIENCES - ENGINEERING
'LIVED EXPERIENCE'
Enthusiast-Expert [patient, swimmer, x,y,z ...]
local, regional, national, international


PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
COMMUNITY ISSUES/AWARENESS
COMMUNICATION

CITIZENS
EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY
PUBLIC PRIORITIES
POLICY PRIORITIES

n.b. No endorsement of Hodges' model should be construed from inclusion of #h2cm above.

Monday, March 03, 2025

Finding a space for Lived Experience

Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC  --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group

Whatever your personal - emotional - journey, your experience, ongoing expectations ... hope: hope-fully this is you. You can, or have discovered the potential here. Whether or not the strengths you possess, are recognised due to what others see elsewhere. 


Lived experience brings so many pathways. So many rooms and spaces to explore. Whatever the physical challenges: whether well: 'all-good thanks'; or dealing with one or more diagnoses - acutely, in recovery, relapse, may all points of the compass be open to you.


Whatever your life experience: your health career began down here [and across there ->], shaped by your life chances. These days they call them the determinants. They are many, and can influence your social network, whether you have one ...


As you (literally) negotiate - even if you fail repeatedly - the systems, that the system throws your way, trying to make ends-meet; in work or out, never under-estimate what a person can do. Here lived experience can pay dividends, across the divides that really matter.



Welcome to your space ...
and may it include hope shared and delivered ...

Monday, May 29, 2023

Humanistic motivations for study - c/o Harris et al.

 "Asking '[I]n what sense . . . can mathematics be considered a democratic regime . . .' open to all, Pimm and Sinclair quote (Supergiant) Henri Poincaré to the effect that 'only mathematicians are privy to the aesthetic sensibilities that enable' the decision of 'what is worth studying.' The article, published in a journal for educators, is motivated by the 'view that mathematics can do something for me in a humanistic sense that repays the the careful attention and deep engagement it may require; one that may expose students to a fundamental sense and experience of equality . . . and provide them with another sense of human commonality.'" p.33.  

Harris, M. (2015) Mathematics without Apologies: Portrait of a Problematic Vocation. Princeton University Press.

Hodges' model - Axes - Structure :: Domains - Content

Wednesday, April 12, 2023

RCN Nursing Awards 2023

Dear CHAIN member,

We would like to draw your attention to the following opportunity. 

Please pass on as appropriate. Thank you.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RCN Nursing Awards 2023

The RCN Nursing Awards invites nurses, students and nursing support workers to share their innovations and expertise and celebrate their contribution to improving care and outcomes for their patients.


Entries are open to individuals and teams in 15 categories covering the diversity of nursing.

The awards will be judged by an expert judging panel chaired by Foundation of Nursing Studies Chief Executive Joanne Bosanquet.

Alongside nominations from colleagues and individuals, the Patient’s Choice category will give the public an opportunity to nominate a nurse or nursing support worker who has made a difference to their lives. The winner will be decided by public vote.

The awards are open to nurses, midwives and health visitors registered to practise in the UK and the Channel Islands, as well as nursing students, nursing support workers and nursing associates.

The deadline for entries is 28 April.

For more details please see:
https://www.rcn.org.uk/news-and-events/news/uk-prestigious-rcn-nursing-awards-2023-now-open-for-entries-280223


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Regards,

Irina Johnston

CHAIN Administrative Assistant

Thursday, November 03, 2022

Award: h2cm #1 Framework ... #2 and #3?


"Elden and Levin (1991) suggest distinguishing between insider and outsider frameworks. A framework is described as a way of understanding. Insiders are the project workers or programme staff who have first-hand experience of the situation. They have their views about programme goals and problem solutions. The outsiders are the external researchers, the social scientists, who bring a battery of research skills and a wealth of theoretical ideas: 'The richness and quality of the research depends on the ability of the insiders to play their different frameworks and expertise against each other to create a new, third explanatory framework." (1991: 132). p.28.

 INDIVIDUAL
|
 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 
|
GROUP

outsider

new

insider

outsider

new

insider

insider

new

outsider


insider

new

outsider


Nurses, and nursing encompass all three, but (should - must) realise they are also part of the 'system', together with their colleagues in the multidisciplinary team. 

In grounded theory, participatory - ethnological and other qualitative approaches, we need to ensure the 'ground' to inhabit is sufficiently accessible. Hodges' model can assist in scoping a project; what is the perspective, standpoint, or positioning? While the health, or social care staff are the insider's and conceptually at the center of the model, the aim is to place the patient, carer at the center, with the situation we collectively encounter. The model's subjective - objective duality can also act as a regulator to assure overall balance.

Elden, M., & Levin, M. (1991). Cogenerative Learning. Bringing Participation Interaction Research. In W. F. Whyte (Ed.), Participatory Action Research (pp. 127-142). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Clarke, A. (1999). Evaluation research. SAGE Publications Ltd,
https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781849209113 

[Clarke, again: p.174]

"Carol Weiss (1988a), one of the foremost writers on the impact research findings on policy, describes four ways in which evaluation information is used in the decision-making process. First, the information provided by evaluators can serve as a warning that that something is going wrong. For example, if early research findings suggest that some groups are not receiving the designated services, or intermediate outcome measures are not being achieved, then corrective action can be taken before the situation worsens. Second, evaluation findings can provide guidance for improving a programme. ... A third contribution evaluation can make is by way of offering a new way of looking at a familiar problem; Weiss refers to this as 'reconceptualization'. Finally, evaluation can be used to mobilize support for a project or programme." p.174.
Weiss, C.H. (1988a) 'Evaluation for decisions: Is anybody there? Does anybody care?', Evaluation Practice, 9 (1):5-19.

n.b. When on the PhD programme [MRes], I looked at evaluation and design-based research as potential research methods.

Friday, January 21, 2022

Webinar: WHO Classification of Self-Care Interventions for Health - Feb 14th

Webinar to present the WHO Classification of self-care interventions 

 09:00 Washington / 15:00 Geneva

This classification aligns with a people-centred approach to health and well-being outlined in the WHO global Guideline on Self-Care Interventions for Health and Well-being. This classification has a health system focus and aims to promote an accessible and bridging language for researchers, policymakers, donors and health programme managers working on self-care. 

Please register here:

https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7796921047088796688

WHO resources on self-care interventions: 

 https://www.who.int/health-topics/self-care#tab=tab_1

WHO Classification of self-care interventions: 

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240039469

We look forward to your participation! 

Ados V. May, MPA | WHO/IBP Network

Senior Technical Advisor

email: ados.may AT phi.org

 

  Self - Individual - Person
|

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------------------ mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
Community - Group - Population
 Classification of Self-Care
Interventions for Health
Classification of Self-Care
Interventions for Health

Service planning and development
Public engagement
Informal carers
Social care
Care Givers
Accountability
Value for Money
Population Health
Users

Patient - Self - Citizen Research?


Health For All
Human Rights
Health Services
Reporting, Statistics and
Planning, Standards
Information Systems Infrastructure
Governance, Regulation

Population Health
Finance, Value for Money
Outcomes - Policy:
National - International
Sustainability

 

My source: IBP Network


Wednesday, January 27, 2021

Capabilities for advanced clinical practice in England: The Four Pillars

Individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
Population
Education
Research
Clinical Practice
Leadership and Management


England HE. Multi-professional framework for advanced clinical practice in England. London: Health Education England, 2017.

Evans C, Poku B, Pearce R, et al. Characterising the evidence base for advanced clinical practice in the UK: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open2020;10:e036192. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036192

Lawler, J., Maclaine, K. & Leary, A. Workforce experience of the implementation of an advanced clinical practice framework in England: a mixed methods evaluation. Hum Resour Health 18, 96 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00539-y

 


Friday, October 09, 2020

Care by the Quarter*

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population



"A review of almost 1,000 audits by a professional accounting body has found that about a quarter were substandard."

 

*5ths really - the spiritual and never an after-thought...

When we talk of achieving 'balance', 'leverage', being 'on message' and other c-speak, this is clearly never straightforward.

Source:

Louisa Clarence-Smith, Inspectors find a quarter of audits are substandard, The Times, September 29, 2020, p.42.

See also:

Bloomfield, B. P., & Danieli, A. (1995). THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: THE INDISSOLUBLE NATURE OF SOCIO-POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SKILLS*. Journal of Management Studies, 32(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00644.x 

Leys, C. (1999). Intellectual Mercenaries and the Public Interest: Management consultancies and the NHS. Policy & Politics, 27(4), 447–465. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557399782218353

Oliver, D. (2014). Stop wasting taxpayers’ money on management consultancy for the NHS. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 349. Retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26519046

Kirkpatrick, I., Sturdy, A J, Alvarado, N, Blanco-Oliver, A and Veronesi, G. ‘The impact of management consultants on public service efficiency’ Policy & Politics: doi.org/10.1332/030557318X15167881150799. 

http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/policybristol/PolicyBristol_Briefing_54_2018_management_consultancy_inefficiency_in_the_NHS.pdf

Begley, P., & Sheard, S. (2019). McKinsey and the ‘Tripartite Monster’: The Role of Management Consultants in the 1974 NHS Reorganisation. Medical History, 63(4), 390-410. doi:10.1017/mdh.2019.41

https://twitter.com/barry_halverson/status/1314255088874127360?s=20

 

Wednesday, June 03, 2020

RA of Eng - Healthcare challenges needing engineering expertise


individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population


The Royal Academy of Engineering is keen to help identify potential solutions and facilitate useful contacts across its national and international engineering networks that could help our governments address problems and assist the public health response.

https://www.raeng.org.uk/policy/engineering-response-covid-19-coronavirus/healthcare

We would like to hear from frontline medics and policymakers who are encountering critical issues, so that we can convene expert teams of engineers to help solve these problems.




Friday, August 20, 2010

Retirement, memories of work & Bacon numbers

In the UK in July 2010 the much anticipated news about the government's plan to scrap the default retirement age in the UK from October 2011 throws up a complex future work place and nursing care space.

At the moment if a member of the staff in the NHS needs a psychiatric assessment and admission, then there is often a protocol that determines how their care is managed. Various factors are taken into account. For example, the work history of the person and the distance of available beds. This may entail admission for them to another area. Such arrangements help protect the staff member, their families and the local staff for whom being both carers and colleagues could be quite difficult.

Over two decades I have encountered health professionals who are diagnosed with dementia maintained in the community - in their homes - and in residential care. So far I have not known these individuals in their work capacity and professional lives. This is due in part of course to the incidence of dementia increasing with age and my previous status as a spring chicken. Today of course things have changed:

  • Early onset dementia is more common as the overall older adult population rises.
  • Suddenly (well at least after October 2011) we may find - despite the physical and emotional demands of the job - that the staff in residential and nursing homes are also older - working through that previous work | retirement barrier.
  • There's another change: now I am a mature chicken.
  • I wonder what the churn rate is in our nursing homes?
  • While we usually think of high turnover for staff and the associated poor quality of care. As care and nursing homes are also businesses there are two churn rates:
    • - senior and junior staff leave the sector, or move to other homes;
    • - residents are moved for reasons of re-location - increased care needs, and the choices of family.
So....? Amid all this I wonder how many workers in the care sector working their extended years may potentially come across former work colleagues? This could be a delicate and haphazard negotiation. ...

Additional link:
The Oracle of Bacon