Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: scope of practice

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts with label scope of practice. Show all posts
Showing posts with label scope of practice. Show all posts

Friday, August 28, 2026

Disciplines in Disarray - Scope of Practice, Disciplinary boundaries

To be in a state of disarray, is to be disarmed, without access to resources, or at least having an impaired ability to organise strategically for reasons of defence, disputation or argument. Constructive debate will be hard to achieve and so the confusion continues.

Prior to 2013 ideas for a paper with a would-be co-author began. Early that year there were 5000 words. There's probably mention of (another!) project on these pages – somewhere/when? The focus was using Hodges' model to explore 'scope of practice' in nursing. As the conceptual gift that keeps giving, Hodges' model can encompass all health disciplines, curricula, and professions, informal caring and social care too.

This post is prompt-ed (human ‘intelligence’ needs a nudge too) by ‘discussion’ on what was twitter, and currently on ‘X’. So in turn I can reflect on how relevant this paper would be today.

I still have that draft of over 5000 words. It is now woefully out-of-date. Out-of-date? Well the available job postings across the health and care sectors, have always changed. If you scan the paper copies of  Nursing Times, Nursing Standard, Nursing Mirror (anyone?) and the BMJ, The Lancet, Health Service Journal over three-four decades the evidence is clear. Then try the e-media, (and with it AI!)?

Now, for several years the impacts of  policy and change in advanced nursing practice, plus associate roles, that have also been applied in medical training and education are coming home to roost. Depending on your corner, and position in the debate there's a position called 'Noctor' (Vaughan and Kar, 2026).

I find it regrettable that consultants and 'senior' nurses have taken corners, as policy results in grossly negative examples with potentially safety consequences. There has always been a 'distance' to be bridged between health disciplines. In the past any sense of competition was usually, and so constructively patient-centred - grounded in the delivery and quality of care. The contest was tempered through mutual respect and dignity, and recognition of respective roles, knowledge, abilities and contribution to what is (and remains?) the multidisciplinary team?

Now with technology and AI in the mix, maintaining goodwill, common-sense and keeping the patient, public and future generations in sight will need a degree of diplomacy as yet not called-upon.

This made me think of the unions in the 1970s and more recent examples of work-to-rule. 

As health professionals argue between themselves, what is the cost of distraction?

Yes, that paper using Hodges' model on 'scope of practice (and theory!)' would be timely now.
In fact, it is urgently needed.

Vaughan L, Kar P. Vexatious complaints are being weaponised to discourage debate BMJ 2026; 394 :e100697 doi:10.1136/bmj-2026-100697 

Previously: 'scope' : 'publications'

Friday, May 16, 2025

RCN Congress 2025 Liverpool i

... the twists and folds of debates

Repeating myself (again) but worthwhile I think(?), the past week brought my second RCN Congress. If you are new student nurse, international (Std) nurse, or nursing support worker and not engaged with a professional body, or union; do try to get involved. Don't leave it as long as I have (I joined a union as a nursing assistant). By way of a small excuse, listening this week it seems I am not the only one to leave it 'late'. Based in Liverpool (again after 2019) means there's a torrent of potential content. So where am I/We? By their nature all the debates are worthy. I have picked a few:

Discussion - Celebrating a nursing career

You can read above the main focus for the discussion. For me it prompted the following (no doubt - familiar)  reflections ...

The number of potential careers in health and social care is amazing:

Not only what the NHS (for training, education) can 'offer', but within that the number of nursing roles and specialities. The discussion inevitably drew the 'longevity' card. Students do pick on the temperature of their chosen community of practice. They recognise when they are surrounded (not literally!) by colleagues who have careers numbered in the several decades. But like a card the side that presents the occupational safe harbour from the threat posed by artificial intelligence, is countered by the seemingly relentless pressures imposed on nursing staff. The debates also revealed the pressure and negative impact of 'lived' work experiences for students and newly qualified nurses. I remember in the late 1970s early 1980s student nurses being counted as 'staff'. Have we really not progressed? I wrote 'offer' above because many students cannot get jobs once they have qualified. Not the best start to a shiny career. Having to fold, as they qualify.

Speaking of "career", can we please twist that? There is a great deal of talk - soul searching - about how on earth the (so-called) health service truly transforms itself to be health promoting and preventive. In the NHS's history perhaps there was a window of opportunity to begin in the late 1960s. Not so much a 'moonshot' as a healthshot. Now with the demographics that potential is being lost, unless this is positive way that AI can make up the shortfall? Alternately, nursing can utilise the health career, as in Hodges' model which are invariably impacted by an individual's life chances. As such there may be signs and signatures in the person's familial background? We can imagine a timeline composed of Hodges' model as 2x2 frames through a person's life, even prior to their conception and their legacy. 

More to follow . . .

Previously: 'RCN' : 'nursing' : 'power'

Please pardon the 'gambling' analogies, but we are literally asking students to gamble with their careers, financial status and well-being (life chances - no less). Should they be lost to the service, you can't blame young people. They know the logic of care, also known as demographics. They can do the maths? So who is it who can't do basic arithmetic?

Thursday, April 04, 2019

Trophicognosis. Is this sufficient?

SELF - individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - POPULATION



trophicognosis






trophicognosis

 [trof″ĭ-kog-no´sis]
the scientific approach to determination of an individual patient's nursing care needs; suggested as an alternative to the term nursing diagnosis.

trophicognosis. (n.d.) Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. (2003). Retrieved April 4 2019 from
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/trophicognosis

Saturday, February 11, 2017

Threshold Concepts, Professionalism & Scope of Practice

Amongst the chaos of self-directed study, vapourware, writing and starting a PhD program one writing project still in draft form concerns Hodges' model and what is termed the 'scope of practice'. As a generic and multidisciplinary conceptual framework Hodges' model can, I believe, assist in demarcating and differentiating the following:

  • knowledge - in all its forms;
  • a curriculum;
  • interprofessional working;
  • activity, tasks, actions;
  • responsibilities;
  • expected competences;
  • procedures;
  • assistant, associate, general registered, specialist - advanced practice;
  • existing policies, law, rules and standards;
  • records

Another draft paper (closer to completion I think) and which I've referred to before (see - chaos is the word!) relates Hodges' model to threshold concepts and definitely bears revisiting.

Scope of practice is different from professionalism but invites comparison. For example, the professionalism that is hopefully exercised when a practitioner recognises that their scope of practice is being called into question.

Searching the literature once again below is a new paper that combines professionalism and threshold concepts. I will see if I can add another paper of note and extend this post later in the week.

Hilary Neve, Helen Lloyd & Tracey Collett (2017) Understanding students’ experiences of professionalism learning: a ‘threshold’ approach, Teaching in Higher Education, 22:1, 92-108,
DOI: 10.1080/13562517.2016.1221810

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1221810