Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: rural

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts with label rural. Show all posts
Showing posts with label rural. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 13, 2026

WPA/IACAPAP Global Curriculum Survey

Dear Neil et al.,

Would it be possible to recirculate this invitation to complete this ~5minute survey.

We recevied a good response (~200 with 72% expressing interest to join future steps) from the last round but we could have had more representation from Oceana, the Carribean, the Mediteranean, Central Asia, Russia, and perhaps more from any areas as emphasized in line 3 below.

Thank you in advance for your consideration, David
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Dear Colleagues, Families, Relatives, Young Adults, Adults, and Friends!

Anyone affected or who knows someone who is affect by a mental health problem.

We need your help, especially from those living in remote urban or rural areas, or otherwise underserved regions anywhere in this wide world!

HELP US DESIGN A GLOBAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED PROFESSIONS TRAINING CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK IN SUPPORT OF LOCALLY INTEGRATED COMMUNITY AND FAMILY-CENTERED EDUCATION AND ACTION.

The International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAPAP)

and

The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) Child and Adolescent Section are developing the Global Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health Training curriculum FRAMEWORK.

To complete a short DESIGN feedback and ENGAGEMENT survey (~5 Minutes)

Click or Copy and Paste the following URL: https://forms.cloud.microsoft/r/x4MyX0MkYt

Here is A SHORT INFORMATIONAL VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/NdMRqb1LVVM

 

HIFA profile: David Cawthorpe is Adjunct Professor, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences; Adjunct Professor, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; and Child Health & Wellness Researcher, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada. 
https://profiles.ucalgary.ca/david-cawthorpe cawthordATucalgary.ca

My source: HIFA.

Sunday, April 19, 2026

c/o HIFA "Help Shape Global Guidance for Rural & Remote Health"

Guidance on Evidence-Based Healthcare Strategies 
to Serve Rural & Remote Communities

Rural and remote communities are not peripheral — they are central to the fabric of our societies.

Through the Communities of Practice for Remote and Rural Health, in collaboration with Rural Wonca, The National Center for Rural Health Professions, Rural Coordination Centre of British Columbia, and Rural Doctors Network, we have developed a draft Guidance on Evidence-Based Healthcare Strategies to Serve Rural and Remote Communities.

Now, we are inviting the wider TUFH Network to help strengthen it.

This draft Guidance: 

  • Brings a rural lens to global health systems 
  • Focuses on access as the defining challenge in rural health 
  • Addresses funding, workforce, infrastructure, culture, and equity 
  • Recognizes socioeconomic overlays and preventable disease burdens 
  • Highlights vulnerable groups, including Indigenous communities, women, the elderly, and people with Disabilities
  • Draws on global case studies from Canada, Australia, South Africa, Thailand, Ethiopia, and beyond
  • Proposes actionable, adaptable strategies grounded in evidence and expert consensus

Importantly, the paper intentionally shifts away from a deficit narrative toward one that recognizes rural strengths, resilience, and community-driven solutions.

We Need Your Input

We are seeking feedback that helps us ensure this Guidance is: 

  • Globally relevant across diverse rural contexts 
  • Practical and implementable 
  • Inclusive of LMIC realities 
  • Clear in its recommendations 
  • Strengthened by lived experience and frontline practice

Through the consultation survey, we are specifically inviting your reflections on: 

  • Clarity of definitions (e.g., rurality, generalist workforce, access)
  • Gaps in evidence or missing priority issues 
  • Feasibility of implementation strategies 
  • Cultural responsiveness and community engagement 
  • Additional case studies or models to include 
  • Areas needing further research or clarification

Your expertise — whether as a policymaker, academic, practitioner, community leader, or advocate — is essential.

We request your input in any of the following forms by April 30th.

Specific Feedback Forms (Deadline for Feedback is April 30th)

Access Draft Paper 📑<https://thenetworktufh.us9.list-manage.com/track/click?u=742357d7350b0bf9f9591c8ab&id=2d170bf5cf&e=95c553a647>

1. If you have any suggestions on specific content, additional references to cite existing or new information, or other updates, please fill out this form:

Guidance Document - Content Body – Fill out form 📝<https://thenetworktufh.us9.list-manage.com/track/click?u=742357d7350b0bf9f9591c8ab&id=ff3084197e&e=95c553a647>

2. If you have any specific information that can be used to include solutions and successes that could better reflect rural realities for each of the document sections, please fill out this form:

Guidance on evidence-based healthcare strategies to serve rural and remote communities. – Fill out form 📝<https://thenetworktufh.us9.list-manage.com/track/click?u=742357d7350b0bf9f9591c8ab&id=392220cca9&e=95c553a647>

3. If you have specific lessons from regions that can be included in the Guidance Document, please fill out this form:

Guidance Document - Lessons Learned from Different Regions – Fill out form 📝
<https://thenetworktufh.us9.list-manage.com/track/click?u=742357d7350b0bf9f9591c8ab&id=de2ab21951&e=95c553a647>

4. If you have specific evidence that can be used to describe the relative contribution of patient factors and access factors in rural disease, please fill out this form:

Evidence-based relative contribution of patient and access factors for rural disease – Fill out form 📝<https://thenetworktufh.us9.list-manage.com/track/click?u=742357d7350b0bf9f9591c8ab&id=3d8527953c&e=95c553a647> 

Communities of Practice

Why This Matters

Health disparities in rural and remote communities are rarely about incidence alone. They are about access, equity, and systems design.

This Guidance aims to support: 

  • Policymakers designing rural-responsive systems 
  • Health workforce planners 
  • Universities and training institutions 
  • Community health leaders 
  • Global partners advancing Universal Health Coverage

Join us at TUFH 2026 in Manila, Philippines
https://tufh2026.com/

We look forward to welcoming you for TUFH 2026! 

If you need assistance with registration or have any other questions, please contact -
secretariat AT thenetworktufh.org

Join The Network: Towards Unity For Health (TUFH): https://thenetworktufh.org/

You are receiving this e-mail from the Office of the Secretariat from The Network: Towards Unity For Health

Our mailing address is: The Network: Toward Unity for Health (TUFH) 970 Sproul Road Bryn Mawr, PA 19010

My source:  David Cawthorpe via HIFA -
HIFA profile: David Cawthorpe is Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Calgary, Canada. His professional interests include: Human Development, Developmental Psychopathology, and Delivery of low bandwidth medical education curriculum. cawthord AT ucalgary.ca

Wednesday, October 01, 2025

Julian Tudor-Hart 'The Inverse Care Law' - c/o The Lancet

On the bottom of my notes re. Giarchi and 'distance decay' I'd written:

'Inverse Care law - p.60. - Giarchi. "those who suffer more ill health are less likely to be assisted."

It made me wonder about the origin of this law having posted about it in 2020.

The Lancet has an editorial and an associated podcast:

50 years of the inverse care law. The Lancet, Volume 397, Issue 10276, 767. February 27, 2021.

'“The availability of good medical care tends to vary with the need for it in the population served. This inverse care law operates more completely where medical care is most exposed to market forces, and less so where such exposure is reduced.”

These understated opening lines of Julian Tudor Hart's paper, The Inverse Care Law, are as relevant now (50 years to the day since publication) as in 1971. The paper is one of the landmark publications in The Lancet's near 200-year history, and the resonance of Tudor Hart's definition of the inverse care law has global and timeless importance. Simply expressed, Tudor Hart observed that disadvantaged populations need more health care than advantaged populations, but receive less.
Tudor Hart's life and career took him from highly privileged beginnings in London and Cambridge to decades spent in the deprived and deeply socialist Welsh valleys. His experience and work has inspired a generation of influential health-care leaders including Andrew Haines, Allyson Pollock, Cesar Victora, and Graham Watt. Today's anniversary issue of The Lancet explores both the global reach of the inverse care law and primary care initiatives in deprived areas around the UK.
Although inequality in health and its many causes are widely understood, inequity in health-care service provision is enduring and fundamental: an intractable concept that lies at the heart of the inverse care law. The inverse care law is primarily about inequity (injustice) in health care that results in unfair social inequalities (imbalances) in health. Since the inverse care law was published, the UK's National Health Service (NHS) has strived to reduce inequity with mixed success. Notably, long-lasting progress was achieved through the 1970s resource allocation formula, which reduced geographical inequality in hospital and institutional expenditure. In the early 2000s, the NHS strengthened primary care provision in disadvantaged areas, leading to a temporary reduction in social inequality, although this progress has reversed following shifts in funding, a slowing of spending, and years of living with austerity.'

See also: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Tudor-Hart

https://www.chpi.org.uk/blog/julian-tudor-hart-and-the-essence-of-primary-care/

Saturday, September 13, 2025

On Care, Papers, Distance, Pressure, Academia and Falls

In my student nursing days late 1970s there was a big-stick of motivation. It wasn't management, and yet it was. There was a stigma attached to a patient developing a pressure sore - decubitus ulcers. The NHS then had many psychogeriatric wards, but that care is now with nursing homes. Despite the best efforts some patients did, especially on the mental health infirmary, which was staffed by 'general'  trained nurses too. Using aseptic technique wounds had to be packed (stage 3-4?). Some of the treatments, were not exactly 'evidence-based'. There is a historical account of previous treatments provided on 'Asylum Years'.

In the 1990s I was working on a 'book' about health, nursing and informatics (it was simpler then?). Submitting the project as a book proposal, a letter from one publisher reads: 'thanks but no thanks'. Although unsuccessful, that exercise accounts for the range of interests I still maintain today, and the scope of posts here on W2tQ. Continuing to clear and sort notes, one is for the 'book':

Abbott, P., & Payne, G. (Eds.). (1990). New Directions in the Sociology of Health (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351141727

From the above book, I've a page of notes headed "For chapter 2" drawing on a brilliant chapter 4:

Distance Decay and Information Deprivation: Health Implications for People in Rural Isolation

By George G. Giarchi

Abstract

Deprivation is frequently associated with the lives of inner city dwellers in old densely packed terraced housing, or with the residents in high-rise city slums and concrete council houses. In substantive socio-economic terms the deprivation of both the urban and the rural setting are the effects of the same structural dysfunctions, as aptly demonstrated by Townsend's 1968 classic study of poverty. On the basis of empirical studies rural deprivation affects the standards of health of many people in the countrysides of the UK particularly the most vulnerable dependent populations, such as younger children and older adults at the lower end of the social scale. The houses which are 'unfit' are damp, poorly lit, badly ventilated or lack healthy sanitation: clothes are rotten with mildew. Leschinsky's nationwide survey of rural health services indicates that centralization of health provision is a major reason for health disparities in rural areas.


I looked up the author, guessing that they were possibly still in academia, emeritus, or more likely (then, a decade or more in their career) retired by now. The search did not take long, but filled me with sadness and anger:

'A coroner has said there were "missed opportunities" to prevent the death of a hospital patient who died after developing a bedsore.

George Giacinto Giarchi, 86, died in November 2017 at Plymouth's Mount Gould Hospital after being treated for weeks at Derriford Hospital after a fall.

At Plymouth Crown Court coroner Ian Arrow said Mr Giarchi died of multi-organ failure from the pressure ulcer.

His family urged ministers to ensure hospitals had adequate staffing levels.

The former Plymouth University professor was admitted to Derriford Hospital after falling and fracturing his arm at home on 25 September 2017.

He was later transferred to Mount Gould where the lesion was first noticed.'

Pressure ulcers, known as bed sores, are injuries caused by pressure on the skin often seen in bedridden patients.'

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-48798285

 Thank you and bless you Prof. George G. Giarchi RIP.

Jones, P. (2012). Exploring several dimensions of local, global and glocal using the generic conceptual framework Hodges's model. The Journal Of Community Informatics. 8(3). Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/3794699/Reflecting_on_the_glocal_through_the_conceptual_framework_of_Hodges_s_model

Monday, February 19, 2024

South Sudan Medical Journal: 'Stroke' Vol 17 No 1 Feb. 2024

Dear reader,

The February 2024 issue is online here



It includes several items on ‘Stroke’ edited by Dr Eluzai Abe Hakim, Founder and Associate Editor of SSMJ. Note our new ‘Notice Board’ on the back page. The full contents are listed below.

We are pleased to announce that our articles are now indexed by Scopus, in addition to  African Journals Online (AJOL) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) as well as on our website. SSMJ is included in the EBSCO scientific research collection.

Please share this issue with your colleagues
and promote it through social media.

For example: “See the South Sudan Medical Journal’s February issue for articles related to stroke in Africa here @SSMedJournal #SouthSudan #SSOT” or retweet from @SSMedJournal.


Editorial

Articles
  • Reference intervals for serum creatinine and urea in the adult western Sudanese population Muaath Ahmed Mohammed, Ibrahim Abdelrahim Ali, Abdarahiem Alborai Abeadalla, and Omer Abdelaziz Musa
  • Prevalence and perceptions of voluntary medical male circumcision among University of Juba students, South Sudan Kon Alier, Akway Cham, Jonathan Majok, Kenneth Sube Achan Nyang, Ezbon Wapary, James Malek, John Makuei, Jok Malith, Lual Mayuol and Yak Adim
  • Paranasal sinuses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, Tanzania Enica R.Massawe, Happy E Somboi, Asterius Muganyizi, and Petra Joseph
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma and aflatoxin in Sudan: The way forward Moawia Mohammed Ali Elhassan
Stroke Series ArticlesShort Communications
  • QUIZ: Unenhanced Brain Computerised Axial Tomographic (CAT) scan quiz
  • Obituary: Dr Asia Dawud Kuek
  • Obituary: Dr Lou Joseph Bosco
  • Obituary: Mr Gideon Wurube Kara

Notice Board (Back Cover): Advertise in the South Sudan Medical Journal

Front Cover Image: Brain CAT scan of a stroke patient showing acute right non-haemorrhagic infarct in posterior middle cerebral artery territory as well as right basal ganglia with mass effect. (Credit: Eluzai Hakim)

The SSMJ team
Email: southsudanmedicaljournal AT gmail.com
Website: http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com
Follow us on Twitter/X @SSMedJournal and our Facebook Group

Saturday, October 15, 2022

ERCIM News No. 131 Special theme: "Ethical Software Engineering and Ethically Aligned Design"

Dear ERCIM News reader,


ERCIM News No. 131 contains a special theme "Ethical Software Engineering and Ethically Aligned Design" - see https://ercim-news.ercim.eu/

This special theme was coordinated by our guest editors Georgia Kapitsaki (University of Cyprus) and Erwin Schoitsch (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology).

Thank you for your interest in ERCIM News. Please forward this message to anyone who might be interested. We also appreciate you following and talking about us on Twitter @ercim_news and other social media.

Next issue:
No. 132,  January 2023
Special Theme: "Cognitive AI & Cobots". Submissions are welcome! See call for contributions.

Announcements in this issue:


Call for Proposals: Dagstuhl Seminars and Perspectives Workshops Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik is accepting proposals for scientific seminars/workshops in all areas of computer science, in particular also in connection with other fields. 


ERCIM "Alain Bensoussan" Fellowship Programme - postdoctoral fellowships available at leading European research institutions.
Simple application procedure. Next application deadlines: 30 April and 30 September 2022


ERCIM News is published quarterly by ERCIM, the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics. With the printed and online edition, ERCIM News reaches more than 10000 readers.
All 131 issues published published to date are available online. The last four issues have focused on  Quantum Computing, Smart and Circular Cities, Privacy Preserving Computation and Assistive Technologies for a More Accessible and Inclusive Society

About ERCIM

ERCIM - the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics - aims to foster collaborative work within the European research community and to increase co-operation with European industry. Leading European research institutes are members of ERCIM. ERCIM is the European host of W3C.

Subscribe to the ERCIM News quarterly alert

Peter Kunz                      	
ERCIM Office
2004, Route des Lucioles
BP93
F-06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex

https://www.ercim.eu
https://ercim-news.ercim.eu 
--------------------------------
@ercim_news
http://twitter.com/ercim_news

join the ERCIM Linkedin Group
https://www.linkedin.com/groups/81390/

Includes:
Plausible Reasoning that Mimics Human Argumentation
by Dave Raggett (W3C/ERCIM)

Why Might We fail to Develop Ethical AI/AS?
by Philippe Valoggia (Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology)

Ethics and Human Aspects in Pandemic Management
by Karin Rainer (AGES), Viktoria Fischer (AGES), Alois Leidwein (AGES), and Georg Neubauer (AIT)

 
My source: Peter Kunz, ERCIM News quarterly alert.

Wednesday, April 14, 2021

Webinar: ‘Global Remote and Rural Healthcare – how can we do it better?’

Following a successful online event last November Ms Jackie Aldridge got in touch, seeking speakers and attendees for a further webinar next month.

If you can suggest a speaker, present yourself, or are interested in attending please contact Jackie as per her [edited] message below.

Many thanks

Peter J.

-----------------------

Hello Mr Jones

We were so pleased that you agreed to be a speaker at our conference last November on the subject of ‘Global Remote and Rural Healthcare – how can we do it better?’.

As part of our follow up after the conference we decided it would be a good idea to try and run a short webinar a few times a year to keep this important subject under discussion. We are planning to run our first one on Tuesday 18 May.

I am hoping you may be able to help us by suggesting another contact who works in the field of remote and rural healthcare, who you think may be interested in giving a short presentation (no more than 20 minutes) about their specific field of expertise.

All I would need is their name, contact details and a short indication of what their specialism is.

I hope you can help and I look forward to hearing from you with your suggestions.

Best wishes

   Jackie 

 Jackie Aldridge

Programme Delivery Coordinator 

jackie.aldridge AT bridge2aid.org

Working part time, usually on Tuesdays, Wednesdays & Fridays

signature_1749479179

signature_460645455

UK office: Bridge2Aid, The Keepers, Symn Lane, Wotton-Under-Edge, GL12 7BD

Tel: 01453 546776.   Registered Charity No: 1170578

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Forgotten Streams ...

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population

Forget the Golden Ratio ...


Cristina Iglesias, Forgotten Streams, Bloomberg London

...


it's time to get real ...




Mathematics and Art: A Cultural History,
 "The Renaissance friar Fra Luca Pacioli singled out one of Euclid's irrational ratios - the division of a line into extreme and mean ratio - and proclaimed that it was a metaphor for the Almighty because divine nature is irrational in the sense of being beyond the understanding of rational mortals. Thus Pacioli associated Euclid's ratio with theology. But neither Pacioli nor the ancients associated the ratio with art or beauty.
That association was not made until the early 1800s, when German mathematicians first referred to Euclid's division (sectioning) of the line as "golden"; adopted from them and popularized by Adolf Zeising's New System of Human Proportions (1854), the term became central to the (false) historical claim that ancient, medieval, and Renaissance artists and architects had used the ratio to determine ideal proportions." p.73.
Gamwell (2016).

Lynn Gamwell (2016) Mathematics and Art: A Cultural History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691165288.

(Thank you to PUP for the review copy - more to follow.)

I often think of Millingford Brook local to me as forgotten. It runs through and under (A58) in Ashton, Wigan, Lancashire, UK.

My source:
Heathcote, E. (2020) Constructions for the city, Life&Arts, FT Weekend, 14-15 March, p.16.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Book: In Praise of Walking - The new science of how we walk and why it’s good for us


Count: the number of steps...?

You don't have to count - just walk ...

individual - self
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group- population
"The sea squirt starts life boring, and gets more so, but along the way it does one thing that is very interesting indeed. In its larval stage this creature swims around the rock pool, its tail propelling it much like a tadpole's. Its talents at this time are not impressive, being  limited largely to staying upright and hiding from predators. At least it moves, though. When adulthood approaches that changes. It sticks itself to a rock, where it will stay fixed for the rest of its life. And the first thing it does upon finding a suitable site, the one interesting act in its life? It consumes its brain." Whipple, 2019.
In Praise of Walking






As you walk, let Hodges' model provide a cognitive map for your reflections ...

My source (several)
Whipple, T. (2019) Walking - our super power, Saturday Review, The Times, p.14.

Friday, July 12, 2019

Ekistics - Special Issue: Indonesia and the New Habitat: Urban and Environmental Challenges

Ekistics, one of the world's oldest scholarly journals for human habitat research and practice, was developed by C.A Doxiadis with the goal of creating liveable cities and thriving urban environments. The journal has provided an interdisciplinary forum for the scientific study of human settlements since the 1950s. It has recently been revived into an online version as Ekistics and the New Habitat. The journal is planning a series of special issues for various regions of human habitation around the world. In this call, we seek papers on the topic of Indonesia and the New Habitat: Urban and Environmental Challenges.

Cities in developing countries have become more urbanized and create complex urban problems and challenges. UN-Habitat introduces sustainable urbanization as concentration for future human settlements which is in line with the changes of the world scale. As a developing country as well as most populous nations in the world, Indonesia also experienced human settlements challenges particularly in the area of urban planning, basic infrastructure, housing and slums as well as the urban policies. However, the government of the Republic of Indonesia has shown its commitment to be part of the Habitat Agenda by actively involved and implementing the six themes of the Agenda.

This Special Issue seeks papers from academics, researchers, practitioners as well as observers which posit and analyses the problems of the cities and the new habitats in Indonesia in relation to planning and implementation of the six topics of UN-Habitat:

  1. Urban Demographics
  2. Land and Urban planning
  3. Environment and Urbanization
  4. Governance and Institutional
  5. Urban Economics
  6. Housing and Basic Services
Particular attention will be given to perspective that explores future agendas regarding sustainable urbanization and environmental challenges.

In this regard, the following topics are recommended to take into consideration:
  • Any aspect of the United Nations New Urban Agenda, in Habitat III, including reference to the Sustainable Development Goals.
  • Critiques on the local, regional and global policy of habitat development, design and planning, and urban transformation
  • Issues of architecture, urban design, spatial planning, housing, conservation, sustainability, livability, environmental planning and regeneration through a cross-disciplinary and/or global perspective.
We invite proposals engaged in the mentioned framework of topics above in the form of firstly, a short 250-word proposal/abstract by 1st Oct 2019. On-topic proposals integrating the above themes will receive an invitation to submit a full de-identified paper in Word.doc(x) file format for double-blind peer review.

Scholarly articles/reviews (full papers, double-blind review): typically, with title, authors, institutional affiliations, abstract, keywords, body text (5000-7000 words), and APA 6th References at the end of the article. Body text typically includes:
  • an introduction to a problem or topic outlining the need for the research,
  • relevant prior papers from Ekistics and other sources
  • the methodological or conceptual framework and methods
  • the summary of key results, findings, or reflective insights
  • a critical concluding discussion.
Scholarly extended Abstracts/Essays (1000-1500 words), Critical reflections of Practice (500-1000 words or so) and Book reviews (300-500 words) are also welcome: review priority will be given to full research papers with the criteria mentioned above. Please submit via the orange [SUBMIT PAPER HERE] button in this email.

Please note: there is a further concurrent call:

Saudi Vision 2030 - Habitats for Sustainable Development


Contact: Assist. Prof. Dr Yenny Rahmayati
Email: yrahmayati AT psu.edu.sa

individual - self
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group- population

EKISTICS


[ Smart 

Urban Demographics
Land and Urban planning
Environment and Urbanization


 Cities]

Housing and Basic Services

history ...
Ekistics 1957
Governance and Institutional
Urban Economics







'City'? Reflect on the city and cities as a structure and as content.


c/o Associate Prof. Kurt Seeman, Editor in Chief & Assist. Prof. Dr Yenny Rahmayati
(and my source)

See also:

Habitat 3

Ekistic Journal: Health and Mental Health

'ekistics' defined. 

[ an addition ]