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Previously: 'observation' : 'anticipation' : 'astronautics' : 'space'
THOUGHT
EDUCATION
DESIGN
THOUGHT Cognitive maps Your - Sense of direction? | Maps DESIGN 'True South' |
EDUCATION for All | Maps - Power Our - |
Previously: 'thought' : 'education' : 'design' : 'cognitive map'
My source: https://x.com/NobelPrize/status/2098073718371262921?s=20 and @TED_ED
Scary ! France's most famous weather presenter @EvelyneDheliat presented a landmark prediction in 2014 on TF1 of what French weather could be like in a 2050 heatwave
— Alex Taylor (@AlexTaylorNews) June 23, 2026
Here she runs the tape back on her 2014 self and compares it with 𝐭𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲'𝐬 actual figures👇
My English s/t pic.twitter.com/x8A50C2jNs
P.S. There isn't a domain called 'bin' but there is plenty of waste.
There isn't one called denial, or ignorance either, but you will find them in abundance too.
Rest assured (if you still can!) that each domain carries its own truth.
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| 4Ps |
As a model of care (education, management, safety, systems, ...)*, or a conceptual model, conceptual framework, or however described, Hodges' model, as with its many peers is idealised.
You quickly 'see' that the 4Ps I've associated with the knowledge - care domains of Hodges' model are far specific, or limited to that domain alone.
In our dialogues, media and literature it becomes obvious that in addition to physical, sequential, and natural (scientific) processes, there are also political, sociological, and psychological, or mental (interpersonal) processes.
'For there is a further distinction to be made among evaluations of functional appropriateness. I may analyze the functional appropriateness of the gears and pulleys of a machine. That is applied mechanics, not the pure science of mechanics. For the function of the machine is tacked on to it arbitrarily and does not emerge from the data of the science of mechanics. But the same may not be said of hearts and lungs, of mental and emotional processes, or of social structures, functions, and processes. Here the functions are not extraneously tacked onto an arbitrarily assembled collation. They are inescapable emergents from the process of scientific analysis and are warp and woof of our data as it confronts us, in situ, in the natural universe. They are not in any sense superimposed.' p.32.
Hodges' model
Interesting point regarding 'hearts and lungs' - to possibly return to? Also, as a template Hodges' model provides a 'warp and woof' for data gathering - a foundation.
Woodard, J. W. (1932). Critical Notes on the Nature of Sociology as a Science. Social Forces, 11(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/2569615
*Please give it a try whatever your field, and let me know your thoughts. ... h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk
On 'X', I noticed a comment piece from the Lancet:
Klotzbaugh R, Fawcett J. Gender minority persons’ perceptions of peer-led support groups: a Roy Adaptation Model interpretation. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2023; 46: 59–74.
'The stigma is such that open dialogue is inhibited in the majority of LMICs and the first-generation migrants from these LMICs to high-income countries (HICs); the paucity of broader understanding and acceptance in society exacerbates the mental and emotional strain of menopause and can lead to social isolation, particularly in these stigmatised contexts.' [my emphasis]
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| Molly Fairhurst |
"Diagnosed with a terminal cancer, Samer Iskandar couldn't find the words to describe what he was living through. Instead, he proposed an unusual collaboration." p.33.
"Samer's cancer^ is like all cancers in that it pitches the self into a battle against the non-self, - * "Memory, language, attention and cognition all erode to ultimately leave you somewhere east of your prior self and west of someone new." p.34. | - atavistic alien cells invading their host from within. But it is unlike most cancers in how directly this cellular plunder correlates to the personal one." It is like all cancers in that its lexical field is that of topography, malignancies spreading, diffusing and gaining ground. It is unlike them in that these movements are finally technical, gears cramped within the clock of a terminal diagnosis." p.34. |
Continuing to sort books, magazines ... I realised in the autumn that I'd need to return to issue #72 of The Philosopher's Magazine and its theme of '50 New Ideas'. ...
"Who are you? Who am I? Are we persons and if we are, are we the same persons we were yesterday? What does our being persons consist in? These are the sorts of questions philosophers try to answer on the nature of personal identity, the persistence question. The persistence question is often considered the question of personal identity: what are the conditions under which a person who exists at time t1 is identical to a person who exists at time t2?" p.51. "A new wrinkle in this debate is owed to Lynne Rudder Baker: the not-so-simple view of personal identity. Baker identifies persons with 'the first-person-perspective'. The answer to the question 'who am I?' is that I am the perspective I have of myself, and my persistence conditions are first-personal." p.52. [Grain, K.] | "Microscopes have revealed an invisible world to us and whether from secondary school science or probiotic yoghurt adverts most of us are now familiar with the idea that our bodies host a plethora of variously beneficial bacteria. These tiny creatures, which live inside us, contribute to our lives; they help us digest food and bolster our physiological defences against harmful presences - other bacteria and viruses. These 'endo-symbionts' participate in our living activity, just as we contribute to theirs in providing them with nutrients and a stable environment. The philosophical question this raises - belied by the talk of 'our' bodies and 'our' insides - is: where exactly do our organic boundaries lie?" p.49. [Ferner, A.M.] |
| Social foundation / scaffold | Political foundation / scaffold |
"Evolution embodies information in every part of every organism. A whale's baleen embodies information about the food it eats, and the liquid medium in which it finds its food. A bird's wing embodies information about the medium in which it does its work. A chameleon's skin, more dramatically, carries information about its current environment. An animal's viscera and hormonal systems embody a great deal of information about the world in which its ancestors have lived. This information doesn't have to be copied in the brain at all. It doesn't have to be 'represented' in 'data structures' in the nervous system. . . .
By using the old bodily systems as a sort of sounding board, or reactive audience", or critic, the central nervous system can be guided - sometimes nudged, sometimes slammed - into wise policies. Put it to the vote of the body, in effect." p.79.
| MIND CONSCIOUSNESS COGNITION | ANATOMY - PHYSIOLOGY EVOLUTION BODY |
| POLITIC |
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| Brainscapes |
Now I know how Umami (p.87) an "example food magazine website to demonstrate some of the features of Drupal core" - got its name. I'm sure this was explained at a Drupal Meetup. Savoury indeed!
There had to be two! The brain has two strategies: brain maps and distributed codes.
"Representing information with a distributed code is entirely different from representing it with brain maps. In a brain map, neighboring neurons represent neighboring regions in space, frequency, time, and so forth. And brain maps essentially represent information using location, or where in the brain area the neurons are most active. In contrast, there is no consistent relationship between neighboring neurons in brain areas that use distributed codes. These areas represent information through the distributed pattern of activity across that entire region of the brain, rather than through the location of activity within it. This pattern of activity is a kind of code." pp.93-94.
This distinction is significant for Hodges' model, as the distributed codes act to deal with novelty, what is new - ongoing (lifelong) learning (p.95). Hodges' model can help distinguish between subjective and objective concerns. Schwarzlose unifies the two - via a catfish (also a goal here - but not necessarily with such an assistant).
"The map in the olfactory bulb is organised into odor zones based on molecular structure, an objective property of these compounds in the physical world. But the second map is organized into zones based on the significance of the odors to the animal." p.100.
Chapter 6 'On the Move: Brain Maps for Action' would have been useful as a student nurse at Winwick Hospital, the history in the book brings back many reminders - late 1970s. Epilepsy, then was less well understood, and managed. In describing the M1 brain map and movement I wondered about consent, but can see that is a distraction. Chapters -
6. On the Move: Brain Maps for Action | 107- offer much to relate to clinical encounters: movement, reaching, infant versus the brain in adults, the senses and catastrophic events such as cerebrovascular accident - stroke. Morphologically there is much still to learn (brain maps are 'primed' before birth), which perhaps is why we recognise the remarkable nature of gestation and birth. 'Maps in the Making' provides wondrous insights, including the need in hospitals to rethink the sensory environment and experience for premature infants.
7. Maps in the Making: How Brain Maps Develop and Adapt | 131
8. Knowing Again: Brain Maps for Recognition | 151
While reading - I was struck at the experience of the newborn and mothers in Ukraine. The 'health career' model concerns life chances - from birth to later life...
As a community mental health nurse I have found subtle and less-subtle impacts on a person affected by semantic dementia (p.204) and their family. Given the ongoing invasion and war, I also thought about people living with dementia and having to flee their homes. The multiple contexts that pertain in such a crisis situation when considering 'maps' and sense-making. Especially, when the need for action is preemptive - preventive and so must be explained and justified, not once but perhaps repeatedly?
We are all innate mathematicians even if we feel we have no ability.
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=mathematics+in+catching+a+ball
I take some succor in this (p.127).
There's a hodgepodge in here too (p.161 hb). The myriad of objects we encounter and their recognition calls for the combination of brain maps and distributed codes. Chapter 8 is more psychological, touching :-) how we categorise objects, dimensions and scales, size and animacy. Galton's contribution is discussed, his ideas on eugenics also acknowledged. Visual perception, mental imagery and visual learning style remain subjects of note for researchers. I'm not sure why figure 32 stood out ( :-) - please pardon the quality of the photo. Paul Kim's illustrations are an excellent support for the prose.):
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| FIGURE 32 A comparison of visual perception and mental imagery in the V1 visual map. Paul Kim |
Somewhere I've saved an article on mental imagery from New Scientist I think, about this ability - the mind's eye and how it is missing for some 'brilliant' people (p.182) and posted previously:
In my mind's eye I can picture care: Frame by Frame
I might read Chapter 9 again, attention, action and perception in combination.
Chapter 10 had me thinking again about 'Conceptual Spaces' (quality dimensions) and threshold concepts (not in the book - but this is a positive!):
"Many of the concepts that rule our financial, social, and emotional well-being have no shape, no color, no odor or weight. How do we grasp these intangible concepts? As it turns out, we often do so by aligning abstract concepts with physical dimensions and then putting our brain maps to work." p.191.
There is a 'mental number line', vertical too, and culture is a factor in how we learn and the brain associates space and quantities, in which L-R, low-high are also brought into play. The question remains here: Is Hodges' model culturally neutral?
Still with h2cm - mind reading, writing and 'drawing' perhaps? p.236. In "Fortune-Telling with the Brain" we read about how fMRI is allowing us to learn how the brain maps employ teamwork. There is an architecture whose stability can inform predictions of future abilities - reading is described. Reading this you see ethical implications (as Schwarzlose warns p.238), but it may help to target personalised learning, as an adjunct to personalised medicine? I double checked (index) and the connectome is not mentioned, but the benefits of this research is still to be realised. In 'prison health' here in the UK (and globally?) it is long overdue but it is encouraging to hear about the focus on investigation for previous brain injury within the prison population. Remember - lead in fuel and the socio-economic impacts of pollution (ongoing - air and plastic pollution)?
Corporations have literally only 'scratched the surface' of the future potential to 'read' us individually. Through Hodges' model I can qualify and justify the model's increasing relevance. Technology and science not only call for SOCIO-technical approaches. The brain-computer interface and AI (p.239) demands we also consider the several forms of literacy and informatics that are needed in the 21st century: bio-informatics, bio-political, psycho-political and more.
This is very informative and timely read - the diagrams too. This is a book for all. For student nurses specifically, it will enable them to maximize learning in their practical placements and throughout their course of study.
Writing this review I can also see the important messages in chapter 12 - recognition of infancy and the opportunities this affords.
Many thanks to Rebecca Schwarzlose and Profile Books for my review copy.
Schwarzlose, R. (2021) Brainscapes: The Warped, Wondrous Maps Written in Your Brain―And How They Guide You". London: Profile Books.
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| Brainscapes |
A marvellous cover (US too), a fascinating, clearly written and hence readable book. As expected today the layout, print size and design add enjoyment to the time invested.
As a nurse with an interest in science you are aware of much of the content in broad terms but 'Brainscapes' provides more detail and made me wonder about the prospects to follow from improvements in brain imaging, The Connectome, new technologies and techniques. Rebecca maintains the focus throughout.
I'm pleased to add this to my CPD reading list.
Nature and science are humbling. It is still quite recent that we realised the milky way is one of billions of galaxies. Now we can appreciate not only the complexity of the brain, but how it is embodied in mind, body and our experience of reality.
There is history here to begin. Russia and Japan were at war in 1904. Russia had a new high-velocity rifle with smaller bullets, 7.6mm reaching speeds of 620 meters per second. Whether co-incidence, and/or ironic, there are of course many brains trying to make sense of the current conflict in Eastern Europe. A change in injuries followed with these bullets capable of passing straight through the skull, sparing the life of the soldier and yet with life altering injuries.
As triage was founded on the battle-ground. So aftercare is grounded in the journey back 'home' for those who can make it and the extent to which 'veterans' and their families are recognised.* This lead to investigations (Inouye, see below) as soldiers experienced localised damage to the brain. Soldiers suffered scotomas affecting their vision, stimulating research and new approaches, devices 'cranio-coordinometer'. There are illustrations and some photographs throughout, the illustrator Paul Kim, adding to the text.
In 'Maps of You' maps are everywhere especially on screens, and yet as Schwarzlose notes the map's materials matter little. On p.17 "All I need is a pen and a scrap paper" I smiled - given the 'map' that Hodges' model provides, on paper, sand, black/whiteboard and mind's eye. Mental imagery is there too. Salience, figures early p.19 and with brain maps, visual maps and where we direct our gaze prompts more detailed consideration of context. The explanations of the sensory brain maps is fascinating, especially how the brain has evolved to deal with constraints of space, energy, distance and organisation. At the fovea in the eye, the map is magnified.
Perhaps in Hodges' model there are two fovea? One is the center of the model, the person-centred nexus an assurance function/correction as the fovea that is context shifts and jumps in response to the dynamics of the situation. Reading about the audio map, p.73 I thought about the 'timbre of care' (Yes, I've a bad case of h2cm-meme-mapitis). As a further sign of the times, chapter 5 (A Body Under Siege) on taste and smell and the protective function of what we do or don't ingest, I travelled from the individual to the national and the binary choices (yes or no) being exercised right now.
More to follow ...
Alexander P. Leff (2015) Tatsuji Inouye (1881–1976), Discovery UCL.
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1491645/1/Leff_tatsuji_inouye_1881-1976.pdf
Many thanks to Rebecca Schwarzlose and Profile Books for my review copy.
*Apologies for digression...
| patient-centred evidence safety of a certain intervention for a particular patient safety efficacy |
individual - epidemiology - population patient-centred evidence safety of a certain intervention for a particular patient biology pathophysiological mechanism prediction ... confirming and disconfirming - depending on whether or not it supports that certain epidemiological results apply to the single patient. |
| evidence safety efficacy |
evidence safety efficacy |
Pérez-González, S., & Rocca, E. (2022). Evidence of Biological Mechanisms and Health Predictions: An Insight into Clinical Reasoning. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 65(1), 89-105.
http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/20364/1/Postprint%20Evidence%20of%20biological%20mechanisms%20and%20health%20predictions.pdf
| BBC Radio 3 The Listening Service "What makes the organ so mighty?" To play: memory and use four limbs - unique organs, how to play ... | "The brain controls thoughts, memory and other organs. The heart pumps blood around the body. The lungs separate oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. The stomach helps to digest food. The intestines absorb nutrients from food. The liver removes poisons from the blood. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine. The bladder stores urine. The skin protects and contains the other organs." BBC Bitesize: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/znyycdm/articles/zbpdqhv |
"Tom Service takes on the largest instrument created by human hands: the organ. With the help of organist Anna Lapwood, Tom asks: what makes the organ so mighty? Why has it fascinated musicians from Bach to Procol Harum? Along the way, Tom will delve into the Delphian roots of the organ and we’ll hear what its ancestor the Hydraulis sounded like, created in ancient Egypt. And we’ll drop in on Madison Square Garden where Gladys Gooding entertained huge audiences at sports events for over thirty years, starting in the 1930s. Finally, we’ll hear what makes the organ timeless and immortal in music by John Cage and Olivier Messiaen. All hail: the organ!"
BBC 3 The Listening Service
"When
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"... So, in a revolutionary break in the life of society, there is no simultaneousness and no symmetry of processes either in the ideology of society, or in its economic structure. The ideological premises which are needed for the revolution are formed before the revolution, and most important ideologic deductions from the revolution appear only much later" (1960:159). |
Trotsky, L. (1960). Literature and Revolution. Translated by Rose Strunsky. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Communication, speech self expression personhood identity memory personality mood Extend meaningful quality of life |
Age 40 most people with Down syndrome develop beta amyloid plaques in the brain — a key characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. Scientists believe this is because they have an extra copy of chromosome 21, which carries an amyloid-producing gene.Major international research effort, (ages 25+) plus siblings over five years. Multisite Alzheimer’s Biomarkers Consortium — Down Syndrome (ABC-DS) study Biomarkers, genetic background, environmental, metabolic and other physiological factors |
Intergenerational angst if parent/family member a primary carer? Help families prepare for what’s going to happen potentially with their loved one |
Funded by a $109 million grant from the National Institutes of Health |
My source:
Tracking the #Alzheimers-#DownSyndrome connection https://t.co/rVgyhio2LI#dementia #science @BonniBK @BlueTeamGA @NJdoc @MaryHNJ @kenjaques @tammymay1985 @chladek_david @DenzilMclaren @FromGreenhills @monibhachu @HJAhere @h2cm @RoseGold177 @WaterWorxUK @louisebrady17 @avecozave pic.twitter.com/CzqpnaPooZ
— Ian Kremer (@LEAD_Coalition) April 12, 2021
Learn more about the study at mind.uci.edu/adrc/about
"To the holistic absorption by the One – upon which the success of so many religions and philosophies was premised for centuries – Sloterdijk opposes the proposition of a dyadic theory of intimacy. This is a distinction between an acute appearance of unity, experienced from a cosmic position of being fully contained inside a whole, and an ontological insistence that this position is itself contingent on a constitutive relationality. It is not possible to attain an overview, an outside bird’s-eye view of spheres (Neither Sun Nor Death, p263). By contrast, ... |
"Sloterdijk’s anthropological theory of shared, auto-poetic space, carries ontogenetic force. This is, by example, expressed in the discussion of the relationship between birth and thought, or between the birth of a child and that of a world.35 Sloterdijk dedicates the bulk of Bubbles to birth, providing a detailed discussion of intrauterine dwelling, including the sensory presence of liquids, soft bodies, the early experience of spatial boundaries, fluidal communion in the medium of blood, the constitution of an intimate acoustic bipolar sphere and, above all, cohabitation with the placenta, conceived as primal, anonymous companion. Intrauterine space is approached as the most vivid illustration of the spherological principle according to which coexistence precedes essence. At once enclosed and porous, poetic and connected, intrauterine space is the production of a dense and connected ‘two’: ‘What we call ‘mother and child’ in the abbreviated terms of subject-object language are, in their mode of being, only ever poles of a dynamic in-between’ (Bubbles, p320)." p.47. |
By contrast, ... the relational ontology of spheres aims to rehabilitate the relation at the expense of the essential, and the situation at the expense of components (p151). Against any form of substantialism, a relational ontology emphasises the centrality of being-with [Mitsein] in relationships of mother and child, mesmerist and subject, therapist and patient, foetus and placenta, and so forth." p.47. |
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See also:
https://www.healthandenvironment.org/webinars/96557
My source:
Capurro, D. 2021, Falling sperm counts 'as big a threat to humans as climate change', The Daily Telegraph, 27 February, p.15.
| INFANTS - TODDLERS | BUTTON BATTERIES | ||
“It turns out this is one of the most damaging and dangerous things that my beautiful boy could have ever swallowed. It does not get much worse than this.” - Mother of an 8 month-old baby boy |
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"Blush is a radiator by Icelandic designer Thorunn Arnadottir that is covered in thermochromatic paint and both looks like and simulates capillaries. She says, 'Blush is a very important organ of the house. Regulates the temperature and keeps it warm and alive. Blue when cold, but blushes with red when warm.'"
https://laughingsquid.com/blush-a-radiator-that-simulates-capillaries-blushes-red-when-warm/
My Source:
IDN, 2012. Volume 19, NO. 3. 080.
See also:
Book: The Vital Question
"Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts more than 12 weeks or persists beyond the usual healing time (Treed et al., 2015)."
"Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain have shown that emotional pain stimulates the somatic pain system, and the somatic pain system activates the nuclear accumbens and ventral tegmental areas, which are the seats of emotion and reward pathways (O'Connor et al., 2008). This biological evidence underscores the complex and bidirectional association between physical and emotional pain." (p.14). | 12 weeks "the mesocortico-limbic dopaminergic pathway and endogenous opioid system" |
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Majeed MH, Naveed S. Chronic Pain in Youth: Can Mental Health Services Provide Relief?. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2018;56(11):13-16. doi:10.3928/02793695-20181012-03
See also:
Morton, J., & O’Reilly, M. (2019). Mental health, big data and research ethics: Parity of esteem in mental health research from a UK perspective. Clinical Ethics, 14(4), 165–172.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1477750919876243
https://www.rcn.org.uk/professional-development/publications/pub-007618
"A clever invention is saving the lives of hundreds of children.
Pneumonia kills about 1.4 million children under five every year. Treatment with concentrated oxygen could save many of them, but the machines that make it need a reliable source of electricity. Some hospitals have frequent power cuts, though, which can be fatal.
So scientists in Australia and Uganda came up with an innovative way to produce oxygen by separating it from the rest of the air, using a vacuum created by running water.
Then they designed special bags that can store and deliver oxygen – even when the electricity cuts out. Their systems have provided oxygen for hundreds of sick children in Uganda.
People Fixing the World hears the story of these remarkable inventions."
| Creativity Innovation Problem solving |
Pneumonia
Concentrated OxygenStorage Devices - Maintenance Life cycle management Repair in the field Sustainability |
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| Brian E. Hodges - c/o Brian's family. |
Born in Liverpool, NW England, UK.
Community Mental Health Nurse NHS, Part-time Lecturer,
Researcher Nursing & Technology Enhanced Learning
Registered Nurse - Mental Health & General
Community Psychiatric Nursing (Cert.) MMU
PG Cert. Ed.
BA(Joint Hons.) Computing and Philosophy - BIHE - Bolton
PG(Dip.) Collaboration on Psychosocial Education [COPE] Univ. Man.
MRES. e-Research and Technology Enhanced Learning, Lancaster Univ.
Live and work in NW England - seeking a global perspective.
The views expressed on W2tQ are entirely my own, unless stated otherwise.
Comments are disabled.
If you would like to get in touch please e-mail me at
h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk
orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-8965
