Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: Book for review: v "Philosophy of Care - New Approaches to Vulnerability, Otherness and Therapy"

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Sunday, July 07, 2024

Book for review: v "Philosophy of Care - New Approaches to Vulnerability, Otherness and Therapy"

I think this is the final post for Philosophy of Care (think! There is so much more ...). There are other chapters more salient to me personally, but for Hodges' model and the collective human enterprise, I think chapter 5 by Virginia Held is the most important. There's not just a chapter, but three in Part II 'Care and Economy'. I appreciate the reminder of Kate Raworth's Doughnut Economics which challenges;"the dominant assumption of the economy as a machine". I notice on Twi/X Kate Rowarth reflects on the UK's election:
The book 'Doughnut Economics' opens with the story of Yuan Yang who, as a young economics student back in 2008, was challenging the outdated theory she was being taught. Last night she was elected as the first-ever MP for Earley & Woodley. Huge congratulations @YuanfenYang!
    https://x.com/KateRaworth/status/1809216007518507248
I gave Keir Starmer a copy of Doughnut Economics just 10 days before he became Labour Party Leader. So will the book make it onto his bookshelves in Number 10? More importantly: will policies for a regenerative & distributive UK become real under this government?...

     https://x.com/KateRaworth/status/1809235013403136029

While in Philosophy of Care, another three words stood out:
"'Big-picture thinkers'^, Raworth notes, have offered alternative visions, but they have been dismissed by the field of economics." p.102.

continued ... 

The NHS workforce is large. Even if diminished currently, when compared with previous staffing levels. With regard to economics there is a problem in the NHS. I've noted before how you are cocooned, as many health care workers in developed nations. The shelves are stocked, the just-in-time drugs supply: works. It is sign of uncertain-times that it is only recently that this has faulted, only recently we have witnessed a health system eroded by COVID of course, social, political, economic and ethical ... collapse. Consequently, I arrived at economics late. Virginia Held points to further reading. That might inform future posts on economics. Post-financial crisis, as Held reflects on Raworth, the economics curricula was challenged by students which I posted about:

Heterodoxy in Economics and Healthcare

I thought of human rights legislation and the ICC as an expression of ethics of care as a comprehensive morality (p.105), my first thought (scribble) was the SDGs. If all 17 were on-track what would the world's ethical quotient be?

Not unexpectedly, relationality also permeates this chapter and the book. If such 'relations' are tested personally, socially, economically and politically it is through the global migrations of care workers (p.115).

An 'O' level in Social and Economic History has proved a useful primer, early insights into society and the politics of poverty, social reform, prisons, nursing, hygiene, sanitation, and public health works. Chapter 6 "Welfare, Care and Human Economy in the Theory of Wilhelm Röpke" (social market economy) is a reminder of the ongoing struggle for a social and economic theory and associated philosophy. No care without economic theory - without economic stability and order (so welcome is the UK election).

I struggled with the text at times, I got the impression this was in translation but I may be wrong? Perhaps an 'A' level is a prerequisite for readers? There is mention of axioms and maths.

Given the history here, a plus: it made me feel younger. Again useful, informative reading; civitas humana (human city), economics is a moral science:  "Economists - "should not accept the role of a machine in search of the highest profit, that economic theory assigned to him, but to assume his creative role with a higher purpose (Röpke 1996: 339)."

What would Röpke think of the server farms and bit-coin today: the energy and environmental costs? Especially, as the authors note that for Röpke: an unbridled focus on productivity as the ultimate purpose of the economy, dehumanizes an economy. p.125. In my notes I have 'sustainability'. While Hodges' model has the 'group' in the vertical axis. I've never considered in-depth overcrowding and massification. Fascinating overview of history on Röpke's thought and associated scholars, about the family, the State, education of children. We learn that Röpke was always in favour of the small ('small is beautiful'). Schumacher isn't referenced and there's another book no doubt on the search for a new economics. 6.5 points the way - 'Means of Economic Humanism': "the relationship between politics and economics, establishing a general framework for government action."* p.127. The conclusion concerns 'social care' no doubt more generally my ironic reading. This will be shared across the UK. Here, 'social care' is accustomed to finding itself in the long-grass these past 15 years.

Privileged, is utterly the wrong word - as I consider - again (i) working at Winwick Hospital. Braga reminds many former and still employed 'senior' mental health nurses of their institutionalised beginnings. I was able to witness:

  • the closure of the asylums
  • the expansion of community mental health nursing
  • the as yet incomplete project that is 'care in the community'
  • the panic of the director of nurse education lest students fall through the theory-practice gap
  • the fear they may be 'lost' from their initial experiences as nursing assistants (as may happen now to many new starters in social care?)
This was a 'machine'.

So, chapter 7 Time, Space, and Care - is another gift for me and Hodges' model. Especially for developing thought (I like to think) and future writing - 7.2 'Care as Relational Concept'! Braga, confirms for me that PROCESS (and spatio-temporal) resides in the SCIENCES domain of Hodges' model. Again, invaluable history and (a return) to virtue. It seems from here I could argue (simplistically) that Hodges' model provides more than one topological framework for discipline and surveillance (which is inherently political?). To which I could add observation (as caring) with acuity of observation calling for psychological and physical care knowledge and skills? (7.4). I've enjoyed revisiting 7.5 on institutional care and forms of time (p.137).

Telo, chapter 9, refers to 'how the Meditations outline a very specific model of care' (p.168). The literature and media are full of work on the need and value of self-care. Interesting relation at work here between care and self-care. I can see there's a switch between chaps 8-9 - 9.3 The Scope of the Ideal Care of Others. Relations again and a little drawing in the margin. 

A question is raised: "How can we possibly take care of everybody?" Now that is a question!

If it matters to anyone (in need of a general framework!) Hodges' model is in scope. Not surprising then I've 'planetary health' noted again (p.177). Telo's appraisal 9.5 provides a conclusion.

Chapter 10 is brief (pp.181-188), on the Buddhist contribution by Meynard, and discussed the self, and  personhood in 10.3 Paradox of Compassion Towards Empty Persons. In draft notes I've stressed the 'empty' as in a set (the 'set' as a structure) a template. Chapter 11 is a lesson in how the social mores and customs and power of fatherhood, pregnancy, and marriage has carried through the ages. Sobering, and a change as case studies feature; how many times have these scenes - events played out in families, communities - dynasties no-less?

If previous references to virtue are a taster, Beato's chapter 12 is a main course: Care: A Virtue Among Virtues. A dish to relish! Welcome, in challenging my understanding of relational across self - virtue. 

"Instead, the ethics of care claims to be rooted not in the individuals but in the relations." p.197.

I'm reading an awful lot into this and what follows. I may be mistaken, but again this book rewards with more to reflect upon for me.

The question and challenge here: "to build a 'virtue-ethical care ethics'" appear similar to what I am asking of Hodges' model, but I lack the nous (technically - mathematically) to move towards formulations - answers. What is clear (to me?!) is that new forms of abstraction are needed:


Braga, J. & Santiago de Carvalho, M. (Eds.), (2021) Philosophy of care: New approaches to vulnerability, otherness therapy. Springer. 

Many thanks again to Springer for my copy, especially given a follow-up request, well post-publication date. I may add to this post, or do a POST-script as there is still much more for me in this book. An amazing thing learning, study, books and what your reading of PoC would be?

A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION?*

Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES                   
HUMANISTIC  --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group

virtue - personal ethics

ideals

PURPOSE

care for self


particular - universal

mathematics - logic
mereology

time space

machine - PROCESS - mechanics

care for others

social care sector - 
community of PRACTICE

family - VALUES
children - VALUES

CARE for EVERBODY


economics

INSTITUTION

politics

POLICY

social care POLICY


^My emphasis - of course.

*So this is what Hodges' model is all about!


Book for review: iii