Brief introduction to Hodges' model

Hodges’ model is a conceptual framework of universal value in theoretical work, practice, policy and care management. While this model is a product of the health-education sector, it is global in scope, taking in the current situation, history and future as complicated by scientific, socio-political, technology and climate change. Practice-based, Hodges’ model is a tool simple in form and yet powerful in terms of how it can help users frame the problems and opportunities of the 21st century. The model was originally taught in studies for the post-registration certificate of care of the mentally ill in the community and other courses. Student assessment included the completion of a case study (vignette), demonstrating competence in application of the model and its embedded (implicit) values.

Access to education, especially early years, is emphasised as foundational for personal and community growth and development. For individuals this can set the course for lifelong learning and an ability to contribute to society and the economy. Given this primary challenge, global institutions and policy makers point to the need for curricula that are relevant. In turn employers and industry leaders need a (global) workforce who are: 

• reflective practitioners;
• critical thinkers;
• able to see the ‘big-picture’; and focus on detail and priorities when needed (risk and triage);
• decompose a problem, but also integrate (care);
• work as team-members;
• and extend across several literacies.

These challenges are ongoing for education (being health literate, so as to address personal, social, health and economic education, and the sustainable development goals), and increasingly climate impacts.

Tricotyledons, systems and social problems

'If scientists and engineers are to be able to attack social problems with the same validity and effectiveness with which physical problems have been attacked, then a much more sophisticated and rigorous system design methodology is needed.

Such methodology, called the tricotyledon theory of system design, has been developed as a synthesis of: empirical and speculative approaches to system design [2], the methodology of operations research [10], classical optimization techniques [18], results in specialized branches of mathematical system theory [1,4,6,7], and the constructs of general mathematical system theory [12,13,14].

Experimental applications of the tricotyledon theory of system design to several problems in widely differing contexts [3,4,8,9,16,17] indicate that the methodology holds great promise for validity and effectiveness in attacking any large-scale, complex, man/machine system design problem with precision and rigor. There are no theoretical limitations (such as differentiability, linearity, finiteness, or discreteness) for the problems that can be attacked within the tricotyledon theory of system design.

In this short abstract the theory is only described in terms of set and system theoretic concepts as presented in Reference [12), [13], or [14]; no exploitation of the theory, either theoretical or practical is attempted here.' ..' p.224-225.

'The task of defining a large-scale, complex, man/machine system design problem P=(S,T,α,β,γ,D) often requires an interdisciplinary team in practice. An interdisciplinary team requires, in turn, that the above definitions be translated into non-mathematical methodology. This has been done in Reference [15].' p.229.

15. Wymore, A.W., Systems Engineering Methodology for Interdisciplinary Teams, unpublished manuscript. (Another loss?)

Wymore, A.W. (1975) The Tricotyledon Theory of  System Design. In. Category Theory Applied to Computation and Control: Proceedings of the First International Symposium, San Francisco, February 25-26, 1974 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 25) by E.G. Manes (Editor).

See also: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Wayne_Wymore

http://sysengr.engr.arizona.edu/wymore/bookreview.html 

https://lockywolf.wordpress.com/2019/02/16/a-mathematical-theory-of-systems-engineering-the-elements-by-a-wayne-wymore/ 

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Moral injury: Individual - Collective: 'Global'

INDIVIDUAL

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INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES

humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

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GLOBAL POPULATION

	A year ago, #COVID19 emerged & sparked a pandemic. Life-saving vaccines have been developed. What happens next is up to us. If we don't #ACTogether, the 🌍 is on the brink of a catastrophic moral failure & the price will be paid with lives & livelihoods in the poorest countries. pic.twitter.com/QkriFnNfEC — Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (@DrTedros) January 18, 2021

Sources:

Several news sources.

Patient Safety Learning

Healthcare & Nursing: A select sport

Ed Smith: ‘We can’t risk stars’ mental health by playing too much’

Gruelling summer proved to England selector that player welfare is critical

Apparently, cricket is a late arrival to team building around a strong core and leader and then using a selection strategy. According to Wilde (below*), cricket is playing catch up with baseball (1880) football (1990) and rugby in 2010s. Even with a squad and substitution some players can play too much with physical and mental impacts. Delivery of healthcare is no 'game' even though certain aspects are open to gamification. Everyone understands the need to stay 'fresh' and avoid injury (burnout too). Nurses are not the only professionals and team players to experience the paradox of a break. On the one hand it's like you've never been away; on the other it is great to pick up the threads of cases, caseloads, referrals old and new. Key here too is the cover provided by colleagues while you were temporarily 'off the field'.

"Eddie Jones was asked after England's quarter-final
win over Australia if he felt vindicated in his decision
 to drop George Ford. He said, we didn't drop him, we
changed his role - welcome to modern rugby."

In health, the appliance of sport's 'win ratio' is not in dispute. We can test this! What is the satisfaction rating of the patient and family? But, let's broaden things to include the tax-payer and the patient's recovering, staying that way and becoming self-caring as far as possible. What has to be considered is the context, for example, palliative, end-of-life care and the aims of care.

Nurses have no choice but to 'play'. Sometimes an astute manager will recognise that a specific staff member is best suited to deal with a specific referral, or re-referral even.

As you guessed it, 'selection' does not end there. 

If Hodges' model is the compound field of play, then the selection of care concepts is the vital strategy to assure -

• person-centredness;
• integrated care;
• parity of esteem;
• reflective practice;
• critical thinking;
• a learning encounter;
• preventive approaches
• addressing health and other literacies ?
• teamwork ...

Yes, care assessment, evaluation can be a team effort. The significant care concepts (social determinants ... ), associations and priorities, risks and opportunities can be identified by an individual practitioner and also as a collective effort (group case discussion) and always with the patient / carer - guardian.

So, let Play commence  - and congratulations South Africa!

INDIVIDUAL

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INTRA- INTER-PERSONAL : SCIENCES

HUMANISTIC -------------------------------------------------- MECHANISTIC

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

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GROUP

Simon Wilde, Cricket correspondent, The Big Interview. ‘We can’t risk stars’ mental health by playing too much’. The Sunday Times. October 27 2019. p.9.

https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ed-smith-interview-risk-mental-health-cricket-brw2t8lxk