The cognitive map ...

"... in infra-humans should be viewed as a spatial map in which representations of objects experienced in the environment are ordered within a framework generating a unitary space. However, the central property of the locale system is its ability to order representations in a structured context. We hope to show, in this final section of the book, that mapping structures can represent verbal, as well as non-verbal, information. For both of these forms the locale system will be shown to be central to a particular form of memory: that concerned with the representation of experiences within a specific context. We shall argue that memory comes in two basic varieties: (1) memory for items, independent of the time or place of their occurrence; (2) memory for items or events within a spatio-temporal context." p.380-381.

John O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel. (1978) The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. Chapter 14, An extension of the theory to humans. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp.380-410.

The Hippocampus as a
Cognitive Map

(with a dedication)

TO
E. C. TOLMAN
Who first dreamed of cognitive maps in rats and men
D. O. HEBB
Who taught us to look for those maps in the brain
AND
A. BLACK
Who insisted that we pursue our route with rigour

 

 

Source: my notes mid-1990s.

Book cover: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2645838-the-hippocampus-as-a-cognitive-map

Review i - "Brainscapes: The Warped, Wondrous Maps Written in Your Brain―And How They Guide You"

Brainscapes

 

A marvellous cover (US too), a fascinating, clearly written and hence readable book. As expected today the layout, print size and design add enjoyment to the time invested.

As a nurse with an interest in science you are aware of much of the content in broad terms but 'Brainscapes' provides more detail and made me wonder about the prospects to follow from improvements in brain imaging, The Connectome, new technologies and techniques. Rebecca maintains the focus throughout.

I'm pleased to add this to my CPD reading list.

Nature and science are humbling. It is still quite recent that we realised the milky way is one of billions of galaxies. Now we can appreciate not only the complexity of the brain, but how it is embodied in mind, body and our experience of reality.

There is history here to begin. Russia and Japan were at war in 1904. Russia had a new high-velocity rifle with smaller bullets, 7.6mm reaching speeds of 620 meters per second. Whether co-incidence, and/or ironic, there are of course many brains trying to make sense of the current conflict in Eastern Europe. A change in injuries followed with these bullets capable of passing straight through the skull, sparing the life of the soldier and yet with life altering injuries. 

As triage was founded on the battle-ground. So aftercare is grounded in the journey back 'home' for those who can make it and the extent to which 'veterans' and their families are recognised.* This lead to investigations (Inouye, see below) as soldiers experienced localised damage to the brain. Soldiers suffered scotomas affecting their vision, stimulating research and new approaches, devices 'cranio-coordinometer'. There are illustrations and some photographs throughout, the illustrator Paul Kim, adding to the text.

In 'Maps of You' maps are everywhere especially on screens, and yet as Schwarzlose notes the map's materials matter little. On p.17 "All I need is a pen and a scrap paper" I smiled - given the 'map' that Hodges' model provides, on paper, sand, black/whiteboard and mind's eye. Mental imagery is there too. Salience, figures early p.19 and with brain maps, visual maps and where we direct our gaze prompts more detailed consideration of context. The explanations of the sensory brain maps is fascinating, especially how the brain has evolved to deal with constraints of space, energy, distance and organisation. At the fovea in the eye, the map is magnified. 

Perhaps in Hodges' model there are two fovea? One is the center of the model, the person-centred nexus an assurance function/correction as the fovea that is context shifts and jumps in response to the dynamics of the situation. Reading about the audio map, p.73 I thought about the 'timbre of care' (Yes, I've a bad case of h2cm-meme-mapitis). As a further sign of the times, chapter 5 (A Body Under Siege) on taste and smell and the protective function of what we do or don't ingest, I travelled from the individual to the national and the binary choices (yes or no) being exercised right now.

More to follow ...

Alexander P. Leff (2015) Tatsuji Inouye (1881–1976), Discovery UCL.
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1491645/1/Leff_tatsuji_inouye_1881-1976.pdf

Many thanks to Rebecca Schwarzlose and Profile Books for my review copy.

*Apologies for digression...

Symposium on challenging the notion of evidence: bringing rights into research

Dear Colleagues,

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters (SRHM) is organising a symposium in New Delhi, India and online on enhancing the ecosystem of rights and evidence in sexual and reproductive health.

SRHM Journal

The symposium will create space for dialogue on:

- Deconstructing the notion and hierarchy of evidence
- Pushing methodological boundaries in SRHR research
- Questioning what constitutes “evidence-based”, a "researcher", and what is “scientifically appropriate”
- Questioning the power in research

This event is part of SRHM's global and South Asia hub initiative on rights-based knowledge creation.

Date: Friday May 6, 2022

Time: 10:30-1:00pm GMT - 4:00-6:30pm New Delhi

Register to attend in person in New Delhi: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/challenging-the-notion-of-evidence-bringing-rights-into-research-tickets-324001506227

Register to attend online: https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_nB3Qxr-1Rs2e0blPb_J0JA

Please feel free to share with your network. We hope to see you at the event!

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
www.srhm.org | www.srhmjournal.org
Twitter: @SRHMJournal | FB: @SRHMJournal

 

INDIVIDUAL

|

 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

Mental Health Sexual and Reproductive Health Education - [Health] Literacy Questions: what constitutes “evidence-based”, a "researcher", and what is “scientifically appropriate”? Methodology SUBJECTIVITY - QUALITATIVE	Physical Health [Literacy] Sexual and Reproductive Health Hierarchy of Evidence Methods ... the Power in Research OBJECTIVITY - QUANTITATIVE
Society, Culture, Ethnographic Sexual and Reproductive Health	Human Rights Sexual and Reproductive Health

My source: HIFA

Power equation image: 

https://kaiserscience.wordpress.com/physics/word-energy-and-power/power/power-formula/

Conveying the Message: Channel, Noise, Redundancy, Information ...

INDIVIDUAL

|

 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

Letter from Ukraine The day the world changed Episode 1 of 8 "Ukrainian writer Andrey Kurkov reflects on the tumultuous events of the last few days and his family's flight from their home in Kyiv. Written and read by Andrey Kurkov Translated by Elizabeth Sharp Produced by Emma Harding Production co-ordinator Eleri McAuliffe Technical producer Catherine Robinson A BBC Cymru Wales production for BBC Radio 4"

 

Stamp image: https://www.ebay.co.uk/usr/vtgsellerua?_trksid=p2047675.m3561.l2559

Harvard Medical School Primary Care Review

"I'm writing to invite you to contribute your
narrative stories of health, community, and equity!"

 

Dear Spirit of 1848:

I hope this email finds you well. I'm a Family Medicine Physician, Instructor at Harvard Medical School, and Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Medical School Primary Care Review. I'm writing to invite you to contribute your narrative stories of health, community, and equity!

The Harvard Medical School Primary Care Review is an international community-facing publication, and our mission is to “Share stories to amplify the voices of health everywhere.” Publications are approximately 750-1200 words in length, and all references should have hyperlinks (rather than end- or footnotes). The following is a brief set of guidelines for the Review: https://info.primarycare.hms.harvard.edu/review/submission-guidelines. The following Review pieces are nice examples of the type of narrative and community health content we strive for:

• https://info.primarycare.hms.harvard.edu/review/trauma-informed-holistic-health-care
  
• https://info.primarycare.hms.harvard.edu/review/food-access-navajo-nation

Please also share this call with your community partners! We look forward to hearing from you!

Warmly,

Rebekah

-- 

Rebekah Rollston, MD, MPH  (she/her)

Family Medicine Physician, Cambridge Health Alliance

Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School

Editor-in-Chief, Harvard Medical School Primary Care Review

--
Posted from the Spiritof1848 Listserv WWW.SPIRITOF1848.ORG #Spiritof1848

The 1st International Workshop On Ontologies for the Disaster Domain

We invite submissions to the First Workshop On Ontologies for the Disaster Domain – WOODD -

to be held as a part of The Joint Ontology Workshops (JOWO) 2022 at Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden, from August 15 to 19, 2022.

Image via paper from
International Journal of Geo-Information
(Paper - Implementation of FAIR Principles for Ontologies
in the Disaster Domain:
A Systematic Literature Review)

The workshop aims to bring together knowledge modeling engineers, domain ontology experts, developers of disaster knowledge graphs to discuss different techniques and rationale for constructing various ontologies in the disaster domain. This will potentially also set the stage for opening the floor for discussion about limitations of existing research, missing pieces, and overall address a key question

“Do we need a domain ontology or a reference ontology for the hazard domain”?

Topics

1) Ontologies that focus on modeling different aspects of the domain (e.g. phases of disaster management life cycle, observational data, spatial-temporal views, such as point, area, or trajectory phenomenon)

2) Ontologies that model causal chains (e.g. for compounding disasters and disaster impacts)

3) Construction and annotation of domain taxonomies or vocabularies using machine learning and other artificial intelligence technologies

4) Ontology integration and ontology alignment in the hazard-disaster domain

5) Ontology modularity in the hazard-disaster domain

6) Ontologies and disaster domain knowledge graphs

Submissions are particularly welcome that address aspects of this theme, but submissions outside of the theme, but maintain the core idea of the workshop are also welcome.

Submissions

We encourage three types of contributions:

1) Full research paper: Submitted papers must not exceed 14 pages excluding the bibliography. Please, note that the minimum length is 10 pages.
Short paper: Submitted papers must not exceed 6 pages excluding the bibliography. Please, note that the minimum length is 5 pages (including the bibliography).

2) Extended abstracts (presentation only) should be 2-4 pages long including the bibliography. Please, note that extended abstracts will not be included in the CEUR proceedings.

Submissions should be made via Easychair at https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=jowo2022.

For more guidelines about submissions please refer to the workshop website at https://shirlysteph.github.io/woodd-jowo22/

Important Dates

Papers submissions: June 7th, 2022
Papers notifications: July 15th, 2022
Camera-ready version submissions:  August 5th, 2022
JOWO: August 15-19th

Chairs

– Shirly Stephen, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA  
– Rui Zhu, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
– Cogan Shimizu, Kansas State University, USA

My source: Cogan Shimizu via semantic-web AT w3.org

Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil

UCL Press is delighted to announce the publication of a new open access book that may be of interest to list subscribers: Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil, by Marília Duque.

Download it free: https://bit.ly/3MhgteU

*************************************************

Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil

By Marília Duque

*************************************************

With people living longer all over the world, ageing has been framed as a socio-economic problem. In Brazil, older people are expected to remain healthy and autonomous while actively participating in society. Based on ethnographic research in São Paulo, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil shows how older people in a middle-class neighbourhood conciliate these expectations with the freedom and pleasures reserved for the Third Age. Work is what bonds this community together, providing a sense of dignity and citizenship.

Smartphones have become of great importance to the residents as they search for and engage in new forms of work and hobbies. Connected by a digital network, they work as content curators, sharing activities that fill their schedule. Managing multiple WhatsApp groups is a job in itself, as well as a source of solidarity and hope. Friendship groups help each to download new apps, search for medical information and guidance, and navigate the city. Together, they are reinventing themselves as volunteers, entrepreneurs and influencers, or they are finding a new interest that gives their later life a purpose. The smartphone, which enables the residents to share and discuss their busy lives, is also helping them, and us, to rethink the very representation of ageing.

Free download: https://bit.ly/3MhgteU

----------------------

uclpress.co.uk | @uclpress

My source: Alison Major 

 

VIRTUAL-METHODS list - www.jiscmail.ac.uk/VIRTUAL-METHODS

 

(It appears there is a series of related texts. PJ)

Adapting Gärdenfors' - 'event boards' figure

Further to the post:

c/o Gärdenfors: "Events and Causal Mappings Modeled in Conceptual Spaces" 

[ re. Gärdenfors (2020) ]

A related work (Gärdenfors et al., 2019) includes 'figure 1' copied here:

 

Fig. 1. The components of the holistic AI architecture
Gärdenfors et al., 2019

 

I've never been diagnosed with ADHD, but am left to wonder. I say this in all seriousness, having come across individuals who need formal assessment (autism too) and hence referral. Listening to others, it seems many people have 'unfinished' writing projects. One here (>40k words) still proves helpful, with notes on Gärdenfors' work and trying to relate this to the Health Career Model.

With some notes, I have copied the tables below from Gärdenfors (2000) and you can see the development in figure 1 above.

Cognitive Science
Goals	explanation and construction
constraint	problem of representation
Solution	SYMBOLIC	ASSOCIATIVISM	CONCEPTUAL

Table 6 Cognitive Science as explanation and construction 

These solutions to the problem of representation have been applied and their respective strengths identified in the construction of ANNs as per table 4.

	Levels of Representation p.253
SYMBOLIC:	Searching, matching and rule following
CONCEPTUAL:	Vector calculations, coordinate transformations and other geometrical operations
SUBCONCEPTUAL:	Pattern recognition, pattern transformation and dynamic adaptation of values

Table 7 Levels of Representation

When presented with evidence in support of my project, I must utilise it. So, quoting Gärdenfors again:

"In this way, simulations can provide the robotic system the power
to imagine events that is needed to understand the physical, social
and, eventually, the emotional world we live in." Gärdenfors (2020)

Here, Gärdenfors' reference to: physical, social, and emotional I read as:

physical - SCIENCES domain

social - SOCIOLOGY domain

emotional - INTRA- INTERPERSONAL domain

Of course, Gärdenfors defines domain* and other terms (quality dimensions), and domain differs within Hodges' Health Career Model.

Students and artificial intelligence [AI] have something in common in that we want to enroll student nurses who have an aptitude and attitude that equips them with basic nursing skills and knowledge. This knowledge is nuanced, and would draw upon the plethora of proposed literacies, emotional, social and spiritual in this instance. Even before lectures begin, and the curriculum begins its march, the point is the need for common sense, general intelligence and ability to problem solve and reason.

Englemore, Robert; Morgan, Tony (1988).
Blackboard Systems. Addison-Wesley.
ISBN 978-0-201-17431-1.

 

In Englemore and Morgan's Blackboard Systems, Chapter 12, AGE: (Attempt to GEneralize) A Knowledge-Based Program for Building Knowledge-Based Programs (Nii and Aiello), there are two levels of irony.

H2cm is a long-term project and the journey here covers aspects of knowledge engineering, information processing to arrive at a care architecture and care assurance.

Below I've re-created figure 1, retaining 'symbolic' and 'conceptual' capabilities. The conceptual capability extends beyond conceptual spaces, to include threshold concepts, a concept-based curricula, semantic networks and more. The 'symbolic capability' is retained as I still maintain that h2cm can be represented within a computer program. The 'sub-conceptual level' has in a way been reversed - 'exploded' to take-in the primary focus and purposes for h2cm: the student, the patient, the public. 

 

H2CM: The components of a holistic care architecture -
See also: Gärdenfors et al., 2019

Our 'event board' is Nursing, Health and Social care situated using h2cm. Simulation is retained, its central location does not imply importance - quite the contrary. Theory combines lectures, research, the evidence-base, self-study, models and theories of nursing. Placements brings in clinical encounters with patients, carers and the public; plus mentors and the scope of learning opportunities. I have kept peers separate with the process of professional socialisation - which (should) span all.

*I will revisit this and my notes (definitions) at some point.

Gärdenfors P (2020) Events and Causal Mappings Modeled in Conceptual Spaces. Front. Psychol. 11:630. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00630

Gärdenfors, P., Williams, M.-A., Johnston, B., Billingsley, R., Vitale, J., Peppas, P., et al. (2019). “Event boards as tools for holistic AI,” in Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 2418, eds A. Chella, I. Infantino, and A. Lieto (Palermo: University of Technology Sydney), 1–10.

Gärdenfors, P. (2000). Conceptual Spaces, MIT Press, Cambridge.