Optimism - Pessimism c/o Baggini & Macaro

INDIVIDUAL

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 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

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GROUP

Cognitive flaws, or psychological adaptations? 'Van der Lugt: "reality confound" ... Optimists believe they have more control over what happens than they actually do.'   Dunning-Kruger Effect:  people tend to overestimate their own expertise. Baumeister:  "The negativity effect"   Norem: "defensive pessimism"	Optimism and Pessimism are independent scales. 'Age also makes a difference, for the simple reason that life and its potential future vary accordingly.' 'Designated Cassandra'^ Rotation of role. 'When your prospects are bleak, a gloomy outlook is realism, not pessimism.'
'... how optimistic we feel depends not just on us, but on our life circumstances.  Think about how race, class and social inequality have real impacts on life chances.'	'In western culture, optimism is valorised more than pessimism.' 'To suggest that people struggling in an unequal system should simply adopt a more positive attitude is to turn social and economic problems into psychological ones.'

^With apologies.

Source: J. Baggini, A. Macaro. In defence of pessimism. Or. why optimism is not quite a prerequisite for achieving a valued goal. FT Weekend Magazine, 1131: June 28, 2025, pp.18-20.
https://www.julianbaggini.com/in-defence-of-pessimism/

Books noted in the above article:

Sharot, T. (2011). The optimism bias: A tour of the irrationally positive brain. Pantheon/Random House.

Tierney, J., & Baumeister, R.F. (2019). The power of bad: How the negativity effect rules us — and how we can rule it. New York: Penguin.

Van der Lugt, M. (2025). Hopeful Pessimism. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.17707125

See also:

Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 323–370. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323

Comment: Menopause - a global health and wellbeing issue that needs urgent attention

On 'X', I noticed a comment piece from the Lancet:

Menopause: a global health and wellbeing issue that needs urgent attention
Gayathri Delanerolle, Peter Phiri, Sohier Elneil, et al. The Lancet Global Health, Volume 0, Issue 0.
Publication History: Published December 18, 2024 
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00528-X

As usual I searched 'Welcome to the QUAD' [W2tQ] for previous posts tagged 'menopause'. The result '0' was a surprise, as there are several posts re.'menstruation' 

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=menstruation

And many tagged 'women':

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=women 

And this despite, a partner and family members experiencing the effects and impact of menopause. I was also asked in the summer to sort a list of signs & symptoms for menopause that can be associated with mental health nursing.

Interesting to see reference to the Roy Adaptation Model in the paper:

Klotzbaugh R, Fawcett J. Gender minority persons’ perceptions of peer-led support groups: a Roy Adaptation Model interpretation. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2023; 46: 59–74.

And to address the global health extent and context of menopause:

'The stigma is such that open dialogue is inhibited in the majority of LMICs and the first-generation migrants from these LMICs to high-income countries (HICs); the paucity of broader understanding and acceptance in society exacerbates the mental and emotional strain of menopause and can lead to social isolation, particularly in these stigmatised contexts.' [my emphasis]

If needed there may be a CPD exercise for student nurses, or those qualified with revalidation pending? Hodges' model (the template) can help in achieving a broader understanding of menopause, and women's health to include menstruation and social attitudes, beliefs and attitudes. The paper does not refer to shame, and self-stigma, which may prevent a person from seeking help? So, there is a reflective exercise in reading the text and mapping the recommendations in the paper:

Panel - Recommendations to improve health outcomes for individuals with menopause 

• Lifestyle modifications 
• Mental health support
• Holistic approaches
• Culturally competent care 
• Personalisation of hormone replacement therapy care 
• Peer support groups or social prescribing 
• Conduct comprehensive research 
• Improve accessibility
• Understanding various risk factors, such as lifestyles, environment, and climate

If anyone has events, journal special issues for 2025 ... I can help publicise, please let me know.

Ack. https://x.com/raj_psyc

See also:

Delanerolle, Gayathri & Forbes, Anna & Cavalini, Heitor & Taylor, Julie & Riach, Kathleen & Hinchliff, Sharron & Atkinson, Carol & Potočnik, Kristina & Briggs, Paula & Kurmi, Om & Talaulikar, Vikram & van Vlymen, Jeremy & Shetty, Ashish & Irfan, Muhammad & Kareem, Rabia & Kemp, Helen & Palo, Subrata & Rathnayake, Nirmala. (2024). An Exploration of the Mental Health Impact Among Menopausal Women: The MARIE Project Protocol (UK arm). American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research. 22. 10.34297/AJBSR.2024.22.002992. 

Int. Conference on Improving University Teaching 2025

Redefining Education:

Navigating Sustainability and Innovation in a VUCA World

In a world increasingly subject to volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) the goal of sustainability is aspirational, yet elusive.  A UN report published in 2024 notes that “intensifying, interconnected challenges continue to endanger the realization” of the seventeen sustainable development goals identified by the UN Sustainability Conference twelve years ago in Rio de Janeiro.  This is especially true in education, which the report correctly terms “the bedrock of sustainable development.”   It notes the negative effects of the COVID epidemic, regional conflicts, climate shock, and economic turmoil and paints a picture of a planet struggling to make progress towards them. While the big picture may be less than perfect, there is still much cause for hope, as we strive towards a better future.

Against this backdrop, the International Conference on Improving University Teaching seeks to address the challenge of sustainability, equity, and innovation as they affect higher education. In particular, we are exploring how to prepare students for a “VUCA world” in which they will have to contend with multiple challenges, while at the same time ensuring their wellbeing—and that of all academic staff—in the present. By definition, a future subject to uncertainty and ambiguity will require flexibility and adaptability on the part of students. ..

Continued ...

Previously: IUT, VUCA

ERCIM News No. 135 Special Theme "Climate-Resilient Society"

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Includes:

Clean air
20 Improving Urban Air Quality and Climate-resilience in Cities with Inclusive, Policy-relevant Citizen Science
by Pavel Kogut (21c Consultancy), Lieven Raes (Digital Flanders) and Susie McAleer (21c
Consultancy) 

Energy
21 LoCEL-H2 - Low-cost, Circular, Plug and Play, Off-grid Energy for Remote Locations including Hydrogen
by Athanasia-Maria Tompolidi (Consortium for Battery Innovation, CBI), Jonathan Wilson (Loughborough University) and Hassan A Khan (Lahore University of Management Sciences)

Transferable mitigation pathways
28 KNOWING How to Deal with Climate Change 
by Alexandra Millonig and Marianne Bügelmayer-Blaschek (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology) - with image:

Figure 1: Main elements of the KNOWING project: ... p.28.

comment: Activities of Daily Living ADLs and Hodges' model [1]

Guy Dewsbury got in touch through LinkedIn in response to the ADL post [1]:

On 12/01/09 6:49 AM, Guy Dewsbury wrote:
--------------------
Hi Peter
Really like your post on ADLs, but it seems that ADLs whenever they are used omit the need of the person in preference to the risk associated with them. I am sure you would agree, that is why I tend to pay a passing nod to ADLs but instead concentrate on what the person actually wants and aspires to and see how this can be achieved.

I wonder what your take on this is. I would have thought that aspiration and need are critical in mental health as well, in fact I would posit that by concentrating on ADLs it is easier to omit looking beyond them to the real needs of the person.
Over to you..
Guy

On 12/01/09, Peter Jones wrote:
--------------------
Hi Guy
Thanks for your comments and feedback. I quite agree - in a way that's what the blog post is saying. If you look at the basic ADLs they are 'placed' or associated with the sciences - processes - physical tasks. That's why I highlighted some of the psychological aspects in the intra-interpersonal domain.

For example, in future posts I may add the way that there are a lot of people with quite chronic respiratory problems, but they carry on as their behaviour has modified such that they know they can no longer run for the bus. Although an assessment of respiration may reveal their (medical) problem their needs are elsewhere.

Perhaps - if you don't mind - I could post your reply and my note above on the blog as a follow-up - since the comments are disabled.

Cheers Guy appreciate your getting in touch.
Peter J.

--------------------
Guy Dewsbury has sent you a message.
Date: 12/02/2009
Hi Peter
Happy for you to post anything you want.
Great reply too
Guy

Image source: Running for the bus - Jess and James