Paper: What factors influence evidence use in policy? An updated systematic map

 Abstract  [ REVIEW | Article in Press ]

In 2014, a large systematic map found that relational factors were amongst the most frequently reported facilitators of evidence use in policy. Since then, there has been a growth in evidence-use initiatives and research, many of which have attempted to address relational factors. In this timely updated map, we describe the current state of research about which factors influence evidence use in policy. A search strategy combining ‘evidence’, ‘barriers and facilitators’ and ‘policy/policymakers’ was used to identify studies across 15 electronic databases between 2012 and 2022. Studies were screened for those that include empirical data about evidence use in policy. Data extraction enabled descriptive analyses characterising studies in terms of focus, topic area, setting, and types of factors influencing use. Two thousand, one hundred and ninety-nine studies were included, a 20-fold increase over 10 years. The most commonly reported factors influencing use were the relevance of evidence, and then organisational (resources, skills, personnel and managerial support). A large number of studies reported on evidence-use interventions (n = 877) of which 379 were evaluations. Findings may indicate a shift towards relational and systemic thinking about evidence use. There appears to be a growing recognition of the resourcing, work, time, and workforce required to embed evidence use within and between organisations. With this huge growth in the literature, particularly in new evidence use interventions being tested across policy sectors, continued review and mobilisation is necessary to effectively inform the design and implementation of evidence use interventions and research.

Oliver, K., Malin, J., Akerlof, K.L. et al. What factors influence evidence use in policy? An updated systematic map. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. (2026). 
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-08391-6

Not a citation for Hodges' model, but I am grateful to Prof. Oliver and co-authors for being able to assist with data extraction using EPPI-Reviewer Screening Wizard. The preceding patience and guidance to complete the coding tasks was also invaluable in being transferable. I learned a great deal and it has been perversely reassuring (disheartening!) to see that the path to final publication is also 'circuitous' for academics.^  An additional lesson is building on existing work and publication (Oliver, 2014) to revisit a method and research question. (Updates to follow).

Previously: 'map' : 'systematic' : 'policy'

^A conclusion, much shared I believe: academic publishing is systematically dysfunctional.

Slingshot AI? Meet the Earthshot (Prize ...!)

Slingshot AI

Ash
"the first AI designed for therapy" 

'In January 2024, we set out to build a 
foundation model for psychology. 

The mental health crisis sweeping across 
our communities isn’t going anywhere, 
and what we’re doing clearly isn’t enough. 
Therapists have one of the hardest jobs in the world,
and there just aren't enough people 
or resources to help everyone in need.
And we all know in our hearts that everyone 
could use some help with their mental health. ...'

'We need a foundation model for psychology.'

 

🔷 

 

Plus a bit more ...? 

 

INDIVIDUAL

|

    INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

The four primary therapeutic approaches used by Ash are: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Teaches skills for emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Focuses on accepting difficult emotions while committing to actions that align with personal values. Psychodynamic Therapy: Explores unconscious patterns and early life experiences to understand current behaviors. [ Google AI Overview* ]

?

?

?

Our 'Intelligence' is embodied.
The whole of Hodges' model is / can be 
embodied - embedded within the SPIRITUAL.

My source: Electronic therapy - Machines of loving grace, The Economist, November 15th-21st, 2025. Vol. 457: #9474. pp.72-73.

 *"slingshot ai - what are the four therapeutic approaches used by ash?"

 

Previously: 'health' : 'ai' : 'parity of esteem' : 'foundation' : 'language' : 'embodied'

New cit.? "Toward a Roadmap for Addressing Today's Health Dilemma - The 101-Statement Consensus Report"

News - this morning brought provisional acceptance of a paper, and hence a potential new citation. I greatly appreciate being involved with this project. So, fingers-crossed even at this late stage ...

Title: Toward a Roadmap for Addressing Today's Health Dilemma -The 101-Statement Consensus Report 

Submitted By: Katharina C. Wirnitzer

Authors: Katharina C. Wirnitzer, Mohamad Motevalli, Derrick Tanous, Clemens Drenowatz, Maximilian Moser, Holger Cramer, Thomas Rosemann, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Andreas Michalsen, Beat Knechtle, Zlatko Fras, Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga, Adilson Marques, Nataša Fidler Mis, Fatima Cody Stanford, Christian Schubert, Nandu Goswami, Claus - Leitzmann, Per Morten Fredriksen, Gerhard Ruedl, Doris Wilflingseder, Rodrigo Antunes Lima, Christian S. Kessler, Michael Jeitler, Naim Akhtar Khan, Hassan Joulaei, Maryam Fatemi, Andrew Knight, Karl W. Kratky, Kara K Palmer, Bernd Haditsch, Bostjan Jakse, Walter Kofler, Tomas Pfeiffer, Kathya Lorena Cordova-Pozo, Patrizia Tortella, Simon Straub, Heidi Lynch, Manuel Schätzer, Anupama Krishnan, Shahnaz Fathima, Lukas Gatterer, Fabian Kriwan, Mittal Abhishek, Hemant Nandgaonkar, Shalaka Nandgaonkar, Abiola O. Adedara, Josep Maria Haro, Corina Gericke, Gaby Neumann, Aysha Akhtar, Amir Rashidlamir, Madan Thangavelu, Ngoumou Gonza, Éva Perpék, Michael Klaper, Bhaswati Bhattacharya, Werner Kirschner, Kathelijne Bessems, Peter Jones, Gregory E Peoples, Raul Bescos, Christina Duftner and Georg Johannes Seifert

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition, section Food Policy and Economics

Research Topic: Sustainable Approaches to Public Health Via Food Policy Actions

Accepted on: 10 Sept 2025

I will (hopefully) be able to add more details (abstract - - formatted ...) as they become available. 

[The CINet] Individual-Level Solutions Have Led Policy Astray

"So, what do you think?

In their journal paper "The I-Frame and the S-Frame: How Focusing on the Individual-Level Solutions Has Led Behavioral Public Policy Astray" (summary here with links to abstract and full paper), two previously self-described members of the behavioural science academic community change their view.

'An influential line of thinking in behavioral science, to which the two authors have long subscribed, is that many of society’s most pressing problems can be addressed cheaply and effectively at the level of the individual, without modifying the system in which individuals operate. Along with, we suspect, many colleagues in both academic and policy communities, we now believe this was a mistake..'

The reasons for this about-face are based around the following:

'Results from [i-frame: individual-focused] interventions have been disappointingly modest.'

'The fact that corporations have spent billions of dollars promoting i-frame interventions in the belief that such interventions will fail should make behavioral scientists uneasy.'"

...

https://www.comminit.com/global/content/cinet-individual-level-solutions-have-led-policy-astray 

 

I don't want this to sound like "Told you so!" but I'm not surprised, even as the literature and media often wax lyrical about 'synergy', constantly about 'integration' and more recently 'population health'.

I appreciate too that having a (cognitive) model is just the beginning. I really admire the practitioners in The Communication Initiative Network and other groups who grapple with funding, policy, recruitment, communication, change and outcomes around the globe.

As efforts continue across health, social care and education ... never under-estimate the relevance of conceptual tools, especially the power of not just one lever - but at least two:

Hodges' Health Career - Care Domains - Model

See also: I-dentity: How the Individual-Group runs...