New citations - Practice Without Theory: A Philosophical Inquiry into Contemporary Nursing in South Asia

It is always welcome news when I learn of a paper (Asmat, 2024) recognising and citing Hodges' model from the nursing and wider literature. In this case an educational journal, focussed upon health and social care:

Kainat Asmat (2024). Practice Without Theory: A Philosophical Inquiry into Contemporary Nursing in South Asia: Nursing Practice without Theory. International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care. 12. 125-131. 10.18552/ijpblhsc.v12i2.1068. 

I have quoted at length, but it is good to have a different 'excuse' (not just extending the tail of a relevant book, or paper). ... 

'Similarly, Hodges' Health Career Model exemplifies its use as a tool for reflection during clinical assessments, care planning, and decision-making processes (Doyle & Jones, 2013). The model encourages nurses to reflect on their practice through multiple lenses, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of patient needs and care strategies. The Interpersonal domain emphasizes the relational aspects of nursing, including communication and empathy. The Sociological domain highlights the impact of societal factors and social determinants on health. The Scientific domain focuses on evidence-based practice and the integration of scientific knowledge into care. Finally, the Political domain addresses the influence of healthcare policies and organizational structures on contemporary nursing practice. In contemporary nursing practice, a nurse might use Hodges’ model to provide holistic and personalized care by considering the patient's social background, the scientific basis of their care, interpersonal dynamics, and relevant political or policy-related factors. According to Jones (2017), using conceptual models like Hodges' can greatly enhance nurses' critical thinking, fostering a reflective and engaged nursing workforce.' p.126.

'Collectively, nursing theory remains a cornerstone of contemporary nursing practice, providing an essential framework that guides clinical decision-making, promotes critical thinking, and supports reflective practice. Peter Jones, in his seminal works, underscores the critical role of theoretical models in enhancing nursing practice. His insights provide compelling evidence for the continued relevance of theory in contemporary practice. In "Humans, Information, and Science", Jones (1996a), articulates the interrelationship between human factors, informational processes, and scientific principles in healthcare. He argues that nursing, as a discipline, uniquely integrates these elements to form a comprehensive approach to patient care. This integration is fundamental in moving beyond task-oriented care towards a practice that is reflective and evidence-based. Jones emphasizes that without a theoretical foundation, contemporary nursing practice risks becoming fragmented and superficial, lacking the depth required for truly effective patient care. Similarly, in "An Overarching Theory of Health Communication",  Jones (1996b) explores the necessity of robust communication theories in healthcare. He posits that effective communication is not merely a skill but a complex process grounded in theoretical understanding. This perspective is particularly relevant to nursing, where communication is pivotal in patient interactions, interdisciplinary collaboration, and health education. Jones’ work illustrates that theoretical frameworks in communication enhance nurses' ability to engage with patients and colleagues thoughtfully and effectively, fostering better health outcomes and professional practice. Jones’ analyses reinforce the argument that nursing theory is indispensable in contemporary practice. Likewise, McEwen and Wills (2021) also highlight that nursing theory is integral to the development of nursing as a discipline. They assert that without the theoretical underpinnings, nursing risks regressing to a technical occupation devoid of critical thinking and judgment that characterize nursing professional practice. Thus, the survival and progression of nursing as a distinct profession depend on the continued integration and application of theory in contemporary nursing practice.' p.127.

In addition, the short conclusion is supportive and encouraging for ongoing efforts. As with all discovered citations thus far, I'm not sure of how Kainat Asmat located the publications on Hodges' model? A literature search - no doubt, or perhaps the blog's sidebar listing? The selection made, fits the author's purpose. 

Over the years, I've tried to indicate the scope and scale that Hodges' model can 'reach'. Especially in self-care, family, local, global and planetary health. Now, c/o Asmat (2024), Hodges' model has a much valued connection with South Asia. The required scope of Hodges' model (its inter- and transdisciplinary potential^) is also conceptual, referred to previously as holistic bandwidth. Hence the model's relevance and potential in theory and practice.

Many thanks to Kainat Asmat and the journal's editorial team.*

I will read again and return to the paper in our New Year.

Listed in the bibliography:

Doyle, M., Jones, P. (2013). Hodges’ Health Career Model and its role and potential application in forensic mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 20, 7, 631-640.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01961.x/abstract

Jones, P. (1996a) Humans, Information, and Science, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(3),591-598. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.23321.x

Jones, P. (1996b) An overarching theory of health communication? Health Informatics Journal,2,1,28-34.

Where I have now added this paper.

^Still on the agenda as a paper; as with 'revisiting' 1996a. Happy to support others in referencing, or writing more specifically about Hodges' model (a case study, mapping exercise?); especially student nurses, carers and personnel in social care and early career researchers. To which, I'd better add later career nurses, allied disciplines, nurses returning to practice (surely a UK and global policy focus?) and proof of reading (your choice of course on the paper, chapter, book...); and reflection for continuing professional development (CPD). If you're still unsure, it was a relief to put the 'pen' down, well writing is still a major challenge (and pain) here. 

*And, of course - Brian E. Hodges RIP - too.
https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/2023/08/brian-e-hodges-r-i-p.html

Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management

Textbook of Patient Safety
and Clinical Risk Management

About this (open access) book

Implementing safety practices in healthcare saves lives and improves the quality of care: it is therefore vital to apply good clinical practices, such as the WHO surgical checklist, to adopt the most appropriate measures for the prevention of assistance-related risks, and to identify the potential ones using tools such as reporting & learning systems.

The culture of safety in the care environment and of human factors influencing it should be developed from the beginning of medical studies and in the first years of professional practice, in order to have the maximum impact on clinicians' and nurses' behavior. Medical errors tend to vary with the level of proficiency and experience, and this must be taken into account in adverse events prevention. Human factors assume a decisive importance in resilient organizations, and an understanding of risk control and containment is fundamental for all medical and surgical specialties. 

This open access book offers recommendations and examples of how to improve patient safety by changing practices, introducing organizational and technological innovations, and creating effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care systems, in order to spread the quality and patient safety culture among the new generation of healthcare professionals, and is intended for residents and young professionals in different clinical specialties.

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-59403-9#about 

My source: HIFA - https://www.hifa.org/

"The complexity of many safety-critical systems makes an a priori analysis of possible system failures and human errors impossible and unreliable. Despite this, it is considered useful to apply this type of healthcare technique to promote reflection among frontline operators before introducing technical or organizational innovation. For example, before introducing a new procedure, it is useful to reflect on the possible, critical aspects of the different phases of the procedure, or, in the case of technological innovation, back-up solutions can be prepared to deal with any malfunctions of the instrument." p.139.

"The role of non-technical skills for patient safety has progressively become more evident through the years and, on this topic, one of the most striking moments of reflection for the healthcare community was Martin Bromiley’s report [10] on the death of his wife in 2005. Fixation errors, absence of  planification, teamwork breakdown, poor communication, unclear leadership, lack of situational awareness, and other non-technical aspects of performance in anesthesiology and critical care medicine can negatively impact patient outcome." p.161.

"In other words, HFE [Human Factors and Eronomics] takes a systems approach that acknowledges the importance of context, emergence and holism in elucidating interactions between various system elements and developing this understanding requires being embedded in the system." p.151.

 W2tQ: safety

 

Grant: Helmut Veith Stipend for Female Master’s Students in Computer Science

The Helmut Veith Stipend is awarded annually to motivated female students in the field of computer science who pursue (or plan to pursue) one of the master’s programs in Computer Science at TU Wien taught in English.

Helmut Veith Stipend

The Helmut Veith Stipend is dedicated to the memory of an outstanding computer scientist who worked in the fields of logic in computer science, computer-aided verification, software engineering, and computer security. Helmut Veith, who tragically passed away in March 2016, was a strong advocate and mentor for women in computer science. More on Helmut Veith´s research on the pages of his research group FORSYTE (to follow).

Award

Students who are awarded the Helmut Veith Stipend, receive:

• EUR 6000 annually for a duration of up to two years.
• Waiver of all tuition fees at TU Wien.

 

Eligibility

1. Applicants must be eligible for admission to one of the master’s programs in computer science at TU Wien that are taught in English. In 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 those are:

• Master in Logic and Computation
• Master in Business Informatics
• European Master in Computational Logic
• Master in Computer Engineering (Technische Informatik)
• Master in Data Science
• Master in Media and Human-Centered Computing


Continued... Helmut Veith Stipend ...


My source:
Rozman, Mihaela - mihaela.rozman AT tuwien.ac.at

A Toolbox from: BCS 2nd Sociotechnical Annual Symposium

On the 26th October 2018 I attended the Sociotechnical symposium in London as planned.

There was a sense of deja-vu in terms of speakers and some content but it was worthwhile.

Peter Bednar presented his SOCIO-TECHNICAL TOOLBOX v.13.2 and I like the inclusion on the hyphen as there still is a divide to bridge, or at the very least for people on IT and complex projects to acknowledge. Peter explained how he 'landed' within academia. He also brought some copies of the toolkit and I was able to pick up one.

As a toolkit and on this particular topic the text is helpfully concise at 130 pages. As readers here will know 'information' is a concept of great interest here. The cover (lid?) appeals instantly, referring to "Information Systems Analysis and Design" that eventually arrives at "Job-Crafting". Below this is the "Infological Equation":

I = i(D, S, t)

Of course, it is what's inside that counts. There is an introduction to information systems, the above equation and ten pages devoted to systems thinking. There then follows the main section comprised of templates with descriptions, elements explained were necessary, advice, and examples of paperwork (in many cases e-forms also no doubt). From p.109 the appendix provides a series of questionnaires. Peter's own approach is included 'Critical Systems Analysis'.

What stands out looking at the various tools listed is how h2cm operates at a more generic and yet  still very useful level.

You can use h2cm to reflect and consider projects socio-technically across (potentially) all contexts. You can also however deal with so many other crucial dichotomies:

bio-social
psycho-political
physico-political
socio-political
medico-legal
human-machine (humanistic-mechanistic)
one-to-many (individual-group)
demand-supply
...

There is no link but the toolkit 2nd edition 2018 is published by Craneswater Press Ltd

inquiries AT craneswaterpress.co.uk

I'll revisit the event and there is a related call for papers which I will post soon.

ERCIM News No. 94 Special theme: "Intelligent Cars"

Dear ERCIM News Reader,

ERCIM News No. 94 has just been published at
http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/en94

Special Theme: "Intelligent Cars"
Guest editors: Jaroslav Machan (ŠKODA AUTO a.s., Czech Republic) and Christian Laugier (Inria, France)
http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/en94/special/



Keynote: "Collaborative Mobility – Beyond Communicating Vehicles"
by Ilja Radusch, Ilja Radusch, head of department “Automotive Services and Communication Technologies” at Fraunhofer FOKUS and head of the Daimler Center for Automotive IT Innovations

This issue for download
pdf: http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/images/stories/EN94/EN94-web.pdf
epub format: http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/images/stories/EN94/EN94.epub

Next issue: No. 95, October 2013 - Special Theme: "Image Understanding" (see Call at http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/call)

Thank you for your interest in ERCIM News.
Feel free to forward this message to others who might be interested.

Peter Kunz
ERCIM News central editor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
About ERCIM
ERCIM - the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics - aims to foster collaborative work within the European research community and to increase co-operation with European industry. Leading European research institutes are members of ERCIM. ERCIM is the European host of W3C.
http://www.ercim.eu/

BBC Horizon II: Processes - step this way ... safely

Following the BBC TV Horizon programme last night "How to Avoid Mistakes in Surgery" I came across the following list concerned with processes:

Sequential steps. Where one step follows another.

Alternative steps. Where conditional logic specifies which of several paths should be traversed.

Iterative steps. Where a single step is repeated multiple times.

Composite steps. Where steps are nested within other steps.

Optional steps. Where any one of a set of steps may be traversed, depending on the results of a boolean operation.

Checklist. Where all of a number of steps must be traversed, but in any order. p.126.

The list is related to software development and manufacturing as per the reference source below. Within informatics and project management I've noticed and written here about the emphasis placed on processes. Process, process and yet more - in one form or other. As A&E doctor Kevin Fong revealed people can get lost in a process (intubation), especially experts within organisational hierarchies - complex teams in urgent circumstances. In information system projects the need for a socio-technical perspective is essential, and is synonymous with due consideration of human factors. Processes are an essential ingredient to understanding the world and there's a huge literature on events, co-ordination, timing, logistics, value ... but as the Horizon programme pointed out there's also a need for reflection, stepping back, taking in or trying to grasp the big picture. Maintaining situation awareness is vital to assure safety and as the program showed in a crisis hindsight makes a blind spot visible. This is why process is one of four P's in Hodges model (the others - purpose, practice and policy). Processes count, but they are only part of the bigger picture.

The steps above are intended for software developers, but the descriptions throw up some points when subject to a more literal - human - interpretation (which might be a problem?).

The 'alternative' steps: could that mean skipping one in turn as in 'alternate'?

And crucially for the checklist are there any risks associated with its being completed in any order?

There is a world of difference between programming methods and logic on the one hand; and human language and dialogue on the other.

Fayad, M.E., Johnson, R.E. (Editors). (2000). Domain-Specific Application Frameworks: Frameworks Experience by Industry. Wiley. p.126.

"How to Avoid Mistakes in Surgery" BBC TV Horizon 21/03/2013 2100 UT

On 03/18/13 9:45 AM, Martin Bromiley wrote:
--------------------
About two years ago I approached Dr Kevin Fong with an idea for a BBC scientific programme, and at last it’s happened. Since September I’ve been working with Kevin and the BBC Horizon team to pull together a programme about human factors in healthcare. It looks at how learning about the human in the system and the system itself can bring about enormous improvements in safety and outcomes that technology and medical science can only aspire to.

Kevin and the Horizon team have produced something inspirational yet scientific, and - just as importantly - is by a clinician, for clinicians. It's written in a way that will appeal to both those in healthcare and the public. It uses a tragic death to highlight human factors that all of us are prone to, and looks at how we can learn from others both in and outside healthcare to make a real difference in the future.

Although the BBC Management chose a surgery based title for the programme to gain mass public appeal the lessons of this programme are for everyone in healthcare.

It would wonderful if you could pass on details of the programme to anyone you know who works in healthcare. My goal is that by the end of this week, every one of the 1 million or so people who work in healthcare in the UK will be able to watch it (whether on Thursday or on iPlayer). BBC 2 Thursday 21 March 2100 UK

Cheers

Martin Bromiley

My source: Joy Whitlock via LinkedIn

1st Int. Workshop on Designing for Self-Care: Acknowledging the home-clinic difference

Hi,
We invite position papers and works-in-progress papers for the first international workshop on "Designing for self-care: Acknowledging the home-clinic difference" to be held alongside NordiCHI on 14th October, at the IT-University of Copenhagen.

Kindly consider submitting your work, and / or share with your network.

Regards,
Naveen Bagalkot

 ----------------------------- Call For Papers -----------------------------

Image source: The CfP website

Workshop theme: Supporting the movement of care across boundaries

Increasingly successful healthcare involves moving the care activities across the clinic-home boundaries. The field of HCI has increasingly explored ways to design digital technological tools to support this movement of care beyond the boundaries of a clinic.

However, the clinic and the home offer different settings, shaping the care activities in different ways. Acknowledging this difference of settings, opens up the space for various positions that designers can take for the design for self-care. We identify three key positions:

• Home as a place for caring: A focus on supporting the citizens to perform self-care activities at home that may (or may not) involve a larger network of family, friends, home care nurses, volunteers and home care workers.
• Clinic as a place for caring: A focus on supporting the care-givers at the clinic to prescribe home-based care activities to the citizens, and monitor how these are being complied with.
• Moving across the boundaries: A focus on supporting the citizens to move across the clinic-home boundaries, bringing with them materials from the clinic to home, and sharing the self-care activities from home with their care-givers at the clinic.

We offer these three positions as a starting point to invite researchers and practitioners working in this space of designing digital technological tools for self-care to become part of the workshop discourse. In particular we invite them to submit their positions in a 4-page ACM SIGCHI extended abstract format, based on their own empirical experiences and / or theoretical deliberations.

  

Workshop goals

• To bring together researchers from HCI and interaction design, and professional caregivers, to discuss and outline the challenges and promises posed by the different individual settings for care, and moving across these settings.
• To share insights from a range of cases about the challenges and successful strategies in designing digital technology for self-care.
• To explore promising design strategies and approaches for dealing with the challenges and promises posed by the different settings of care.

Workshop Outcomes

All accepted papers should bring a poster representing their paper to the workshop. This will be used during the workshop and its discussions. While shorter presentation of each paper will take place, the focus will be on more interactive sessions where the participants will interview each other, group work and plenum discussions. The workshop aims to share current work, methods, challenges and insights when working with, or designing for, home-based care.

  

Proceedings

The workshop will produce its proceedings in the form of an online database, which will be open to access by all interested researchers, practitioners and students. We are also looking into options to publish the proceedings with an ISBN number so that it is publicly available, and the possibility to make a journal special issue after the workshop. The proceedings will include:

• The call for position papers, which highlights the motivations and the theme of the workshop.
• The accepted position papers, and the respective posters.
• The minutes of the plenary discussions and the summary of the group work.

Submission format

Maximum four pages in ACM SIGCHI extended abstract format.

  

Contact details

Email the position papers to: ...

More details can be found on: ...

Call for chapters - Human centric visualization: Theories, methodologies and case studies

[Shortened for length from original post to ubicomp.org]

*** CALL FOR CHAPTERS  ***
Proposal due: Feb 24, 2012
Notification due: March 09, 2012
Full chapter due: June 15, 2012

A book edited by Tony Huang (CSIRO ICT Centre, Australia), to be published by Springer: www.springer.com
Web: http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=19780%A9ownerid=14065

1. Introduction

Visualizations (diagrams) are produced for people to make sense or interact with them. Rapid advances in display technology and computer power have enabled researchers to produce visually appealing pictures or compelling visual environments to end users. However, the effectiveness of those pictures in conveying embedded information to the users and impact of visual environments on humans have not been fully understood.
This book addresses issues related to design, evaluation and application of visualizations from a human centric perspective. This cutting-edge book is an edited volume whose contributors include experts worldwide, from diverse disciplines including psychologist, artists, engineers and scientists.
Academics, students, engineers and consultants will find this book useful for both research and engineering purposes.

2. Recommended topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Part I: Introduction and overview

Current status and future challenges of visualization methods
Current status and future challenges of human centric visualizations research
Survey of evaluation methods in visualization
Survey of theories, frameworks, models, heuristics and design principles for visualization

Part II: Theories, models, frameworks, heuristics and design principles for human centric visualization

Theories of visual thinking, diagram perception, cognition and reasoning and their applications
Latest developments toward theories of visualization
Latest development of frameworks, models, heuristics and design principles for visualization
Applications of the theories, frameworks, models, heuristics and design principles
Adaptations and applications of theories from other domains in visualization

Part III: Methodologies for design, development and evaluation of human centric visualization

Approaches and practices of visualization design
Evaluation methods
Measurement metrics
Taxonomies of tasks
Design and evaluation frameworks
Development and validation of methodologies
Application of methodologies
Lessons learned and experience obtained in developing and applying methodologies

Part IV: Case studies of human centric visualization

Human factors (e.g., memory, cognitive ability, gender, individual differences)
Visual perception and cognition
Visual analytics
Social, cultural aspects of visualization
Implications of new technologies (e.g., displays, new media) on humans
User experience
Implications of interactive methods on humans
Implications of new visualizations on humans
Roles of human in collaborative visualization
Use of visualizations for decision making, learning, business, software engineering, science, security, biology, design, construction, cartography, etc.
Visualization in virtual reality/mixed reality/augmented reality
Case studies and evaluations of interfaces, systems and prototypes of visualizations
Lessons learned and experience obtained in evaluating and designing visualizations
....

4. Important dates

Proposal due:  February 24, 2012  (Proposal has no length limits, usually should include motivations, method, contributions and a brief outline of the full chapter)
Notification: March 09, 2012
Full chapter due: June 15, 2012
Full manuscript due to publisher: August 1, 2012
Book publication: October 1, 2012

5. Contact

All submissions and inquiries should be sent to:
Tony Huang ...

HCI 2011 Health, Wealth and Happiness Call for Papers

The 25th British Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI2011)

July 4th - 8th, 2011 at Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.

The HCI Educators conference, Workshops and Tutorials will be held on 4th and 5th July, 2011 and a Doctorial Consortium on the 5th July. The main conference runs from the 6th-8th July, 2011. HCI 2011 is organised by the PaCT Lab (Northumbria University) in cooperation with the British Computer Society.

This year we will be looking for papers to put in our alt.hci sessions. So if you think your work doesn't usually make it into this conference then maybe this year is your year.

Accepted papers will be published by BCS in the annual conference proceedings, freely available online in BCS Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC) and will also be included in the ACM digital library.

Important Dates:

• Full Paper and Workshop submission: 21st January, 2011
• Workshop notification of acceptance: 11th February, 2011
• Work in Progress and alt.chi submission: 18th February, 2011
• Short and Posters  submission: 18th February, 2011
• Demos and Experiences submission: 18th February, 2011
• Doctoral Consortium 18th February, 2011
• Panels: 18th February, 2011
• Notification of Acceptance for all other categories: 8th April 2011
• Camera-ready copy for proceedings required by 6th May 2011

Deadline for author registration: 4th May 2011

Conference: 4th July - 8th July, 2011

Conference Scope and Description:

Human Computer Interaction is a key area of computing. This is the leading conference in the field of Human Computer Interaction in the UK. It covers the design, evaluation and application of techniques and approaches for interacting with devices and services.  HCI is now on its 25th conference and at this anniversary we ask you to reflect on our theme of Health, Wealth and Happiness. Technology is posed to play a growing part in our health and maintaining well being into older age; wealth manifests itself in many ways, many of which we do not always recognise - relationships, richness of life experience, creativity and innovation, knowledge and qualities of character. Lastly is there a relationship between happiness and technology use, will more gadgets increase our well being? And as ever contributions in any aspect of HCI are welcome.

Suggested topics:

We solicit original research and technical papers not published elsewhere including the following topics:

• Affective interaction
• Aesthetic interaction
• Art and interaction
• Bodily interaction
• Cyber-relationships, sex and eroticism
• Design and Evaluation methods
• Ethnographic and field studies
• Ethics and HCI
• Experience Design
• Fun and Play
• Health informatics and technology
• Human values
• Information visualization and presentation
• Interaction Criticism
• Moods, meditation and relaxation
• Musical and audio interaction
• Novel interaction techniques and devices
• Privacy, Security and Trust
• Social networking
• Spirituality and Beliefs
• Sustainability and HCI
• Ubiquitous, pervasive, and mobile interaction
• Universal design
• Usability studies
• User Experience
• Wearables and fashion
• Wellbeing and technology

Keynote Speakers

• Abigail Sellon, Microsoft Research, UK
• Gregory Abowd, Georgia Tech, USA

Paper Submission:

Submissions must be in an electronic form as PDF format. All submissions should be formatted to the ACM standard, see http://www.acm.org/sigs/publications/proceedings-templates , and will appear on-line in the BCS EWiCS series and the ACM Digital Library.

Submissions should be made through the EasyChair system, which will open for submissions in November and will be linked from the conference website http://www.hci2011.co.uk/ with detailed instructions. We have put together an international review panel. Submissions will be peer-reviewed by at least 3 peer-reviewers, selected by the appropriate chairs. Additional guidelines can be found on the conference's website.

It is a condition of acceptance that at least one author must register for each accepted paper, no later than the early bird deadline of 4th May 2011.

NT: Nurses urged to use checklists to reduce human error in practice

Last month Nursing Times included an item on checklists, highlighting work by the WHO in perioperative nursing and the 'Patient Safety First' campaign. Following surgery's lead is the realisation that similar checklists have the potential to improve communication and team working in other areas such as nutrition, situational awareness and pressure ulcer care.

Checklists are ubiquitous in our day-to-day lives, the dividend for using them is fairly obvious. What is less obvious is the fact that checklists alone are dead bureaucratic adornments. Checklists are animated by situations and thinking, reflective individuals in those situations. As Lomas reports there is a need to stop at an agreed key point in the patient pathway and ask the critical - checklist - questions. In team work this co-ordinated acknowledgement to complexity is essential for comprehensive, consistent and safe care.

What is interesting here is the emphasis on human factors. While checklists undoubtedly have a demonstrated - proven - role to play in safety, situational awareness is not a product of checklists alone. There is a need for learning and for the cultivation of cognitive lists. While human memory is fallibility incarnate - hence the role for checklists - there is also the need for skilled, knowledgeable professionals with the required communication and observational skills. The need for nurses to further develop observational skills has also been highlighted over recent months.

So as checklists are checked and logged: prepare a space for the mental checklist that is Hodges' model. The model is situated, person-centered and one of the original purposes was to help bridge the theory - practice gap. Try doing that with a checklist: alone

Clare Lomas, Safety checklists could cut 'human error' in clinical practice, Nursing Times, 106, 3, 26 January 2010, p.2.

What are you - mathematician, book-reader or book-reading clock-watcher?

Sometimes you don't realise you are on a long-term cherry-picking escapade. I say escapade because this captures the rather haphazard, accidental and part-time nature of my fruit gathering.

In 1992 in the Engineering Computing Newsletter [SERC] Science and Engineering Research Council's EASE programme #38 p.4-5 Michael McCabe asked readers - "How would you label the quadrants of this diagram?"

I cannot find the brief article "Human Factors Aspects of User Interfaces Design" on the web, but I kept the original. It obviously meant something to me, McCabe shows why...

As a mathematician you might choose -

A clock-watcher -

- for a book-reader.

And a book-reading clockwatcher -

So, how would you label Hodges' model and does this say anything about how you would populate and read the model?