South Sudan Medical Journal - August 2026

Dear Reader,

The August 2026 issue is online here; we thank all the copyeditors and reviewers who helped prepare these papers. If you are submitting a manuscript, remember to read our Author’s Guidelines first.

We are looking for volunteers to join the Editorial team. Email us if you have time and editing skills.

Editorial

Can the Ebola Zaire vaccine stop Bundigunyo virus? Edward Kenyi

RESEARCH ARTICLES
Assessment of airborne fungi in the emergency and traumatology departments of University Hospital Centre, Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria Derouicha Matmour, Samia Merad, Yassine Merad, Achwak Bendouida, Zoubir Belmokhtar, Zakaria Merad, Mohamed Amine Boumelik, Benali Beghdadli, Othmane Ghomari 

Maternal and nutritional factors associated with early childhood development in rural Indonesia Hadi Ashar, Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin, Sri Achadi Nugraheni, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini

Observed outcomes and costs of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in Juba, South Sudan Mayen Achiek, Jingo Faride, Mohamed Ibrahim, Abraham Mafair Kezekia, Chep C. Chep, Garang D. Nyuol, Ajak M. Dhel, George Lefteri

Stakeholders’ perspectives on determinants of health financing in South Sudan: a qualitative assessment Jonathan Majok, Gabriel Loi, Solomon Dut, Aluel Ayom, Thiey Kuethpiny, David Ngor, Sarah Nyannyot

Predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in a resource-limited setting Tri Agus Yuarsa, Malehah Mohd Noh, Richard Avoi, Meryl Grace Lansing, Putra Agina Widyaswara Suwaryo 

Assessment of the understanding of evidence-based medicine among undergraduate medical students in Gadarif University, Sudan Khalid Mohammed Ali, Ozaz Yagoub, Inshirah Mustafa, Tarig Fadelelmoula
 
Environmental health risks associated with open dumping practices in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: an observational study Nawan, Septi Handayani 

Assessing the quality of health facilities providing antenatal care services in Bor, South Sudan John Thon Pandak Kuot, Shalini Ninan Cherian

Prostate cancer awareness and factors influencing screening among men at St. Francis Referral Hospital, Tanzania Theresia A. Karuhanga, Zeinabu Awardh Sharif, Antony Magoda, Philbert Madoshi 

CASE REPORTS 
Long-standing aspirated foreign body in a child complicated by pneumothorax and empyema Gawar Gel, Juma Deng, Justin Rubena

Clinical rabies in an HIV-positive pregnant mother with surviving newborn Ayol Mac Ayol

BACKCOVER: WHO: Guidelines for the management of pregnant and breastfeeding women in the context of Ebola virus disease

FRONT COVER IMAGE: The grown fungal colonies on SDA media collected from different types of samples. (Article on page 149)

Thanks to everyone who supports SSMJ. Tell your colleagues they can join our mailing list here.

The SSMJ team

Email: southsudanmedicaljournal AT gmail.com
Website: http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com
Follow us on X: @SSMedJournal and our Facebook Group.

Our mailing address is:

South Sudan Medical Journal
Health and Social Sciences Research Institute, Juba
South Sudan
Copyright (C) 2026 South Sudan Medical Journal All rights reserved.

'Critical Notes on the Nature of Sociology as a Science'

4Ps

As a model of care (education, management, safety, systems, ...)*, or a conceptual model, conceptual framework, or however described, Hodges' model, as with its many peers is idealised.

You quickly 'see' that the 4Ps I've associated with the knowledge - care domains of Hodges' model are far specific, or limited to that domain alone.

In our dialogues, media and literature it becomes obvious that in addition to physical, sequential, and  natural (scientific) processes, there are also political,  sociological, and psychological, or mental  (interpersonal) processes.

I've always been drawn to the diagonal distances between the interpersonal-political domains; and that between the sociological-scientific. The latter I think about often as it makes the news regularly, when education is raised, literacy, the state of our schools, colleges, universities and (globally) the public's understanding of the sciences. So finding a paper heading for its centennial birthday caught my attention. Not just that, but the journal - Social Forces is (very much!) still with us aged 103 this year. Unsurprisingly, I like the way Woodard contrasts the mechanistic and humanistic:

Hodges' model

'For there is a further distinction to be made among evaluations of functional appropriateness. I may analyze the functional appropriateness of the gears and pulleys of a machine. That is applied mechanics, not the pure science of mechanics. For the function of the machine is tacked on to it arbitrarily and does not emerge from the data of the science of mechanics. But the same may not be said of hearts and lungs, of mental and emotional processes, or of social structures, functions, and processes. Here the functions are not extraneously tacked onto an arbitrarily assembled collation. They are inescapable emergents from the process of scientific analysis and are warp and woof of our data as it confronts us, in situ, in the natural universe. They are not in any sense superimposed.' p.32.

Interesting point regarding 'hearts and lungs' - to possibly return to? Also, as a template Hodges' model provides a 'warp and woof' for data gathering - a foundation.

Woodard, J. W. (1932). Critical Notes on the Nature of Sociology as a Science. Social Forces, 11(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/2569615 

*Please give it a try whatever your field, and let me know your thoughts. ... h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk

HC@AIxIA: AI&Health Seminar - FEBRUARY 13 3:30 CET ... the model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Post-prematurity Respiratory Disease

The context around artificial intelligence in medicine:

the model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Post-prematurity Respiratory Disease

Dear Madam/Sir,

This is to officially announce the SECOND seminar of the "AI & Health: Seminars 2025" series as hosted by HC@AIxIA, i.e., the "Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare" working group of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence.

  *** Save the date: 13 FEBRUARY 2025. 3:30 CET ***

We hope you will attend and participate in the discussion on the relevant topics that will be presented and by our speakers.
Feel free to share this with those potentially interested.

Link for participating: https://bit.ly/hc-2025-02 (PLEASE CHECK the site https://aixia.it/en/gruppi/hc/ for any changes or updates) - Please find some details below, and a poster attached (link). 

Anna Lavizzari, MD, MSc, Attending Physician - S.C. di Neonatologia e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy

Title: The context around artificial intelligence in medicine: the model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Post-prematurity Respiratory Disease

Abstract: Preterm infant survival has dramatically increased in the last decades, including those infants born at very low gestational age/at the limit of viability. However, the rate of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has increased. BPD is one of the most worrisome complications of prematurity and the most common chronic respiratory disorder of early childhood. Infants with BPD present respiratory sequelae in early childhood, including wheezing, recurrent respiratory infections, re-hospitalization, need for home- oxygen and inhaled therapy. During adolescence, they still present with airway obstruction symptoms, exercise fatigue, and an early decline in lung function toward Chronic Obstructive Respiratory disease has been described in early adulthood. The BPD pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial. It includes 1) the premature arrest of lung development, 2) the antenatal exposure to infection/inflammation, growth restriction and smocking; 3) post-natal exposure to invasive/non-invasive respiratory support and supplemental oxygen, post-natal infections/inflammation and poor nutrition; 4) genetic predisposition. The formal diagnosis of BPD is assessed at 36 weeks post-menstrual age, and it is currently based on the degree of respiratory support required at that time point. However, the window for intervention (preventive strategies and pharmacological interventions) occurs in the first days of life. Diagnostic tools for early identification of infants at risk are currently lacking, due to both the vulnerability of this population and the lack of suitable lung function testing. Artificial intelligence has the potential for early identification and stratification of the population at risk, offering the opportunity for targeted therapy and more accurate prognostic prediction.

Short Bio: Anna Lavizzari is a consultant neonatologist at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico – Milan, Italy. Her clinical research has focused on lung recruitment strategies at birth, neonatal non-invasive respiratory support, Forced Oscillation Technique for assessing respiratory mechanics, individualized surfactant therapy, respiratory support optimization and lung function follow-up of former preterm infants. She did a research fellowship at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne (2013-2014) with Dr D Tingay and Dr P Dargaville. She has participated in experimental research on the long-term respiratory complications in former preterm lambs (Dr J Pillow, University of Western Australia, and Dr K Albertine, University of Utah). She served as secretary (2019-2021) and chair (2022-2024) of the Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care group of the European Respiratory Society. She is a member of the Pulmonology Board of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN) and a member of the Pulmonology section of the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR).

Flyer: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-S7_FHkpFtm1mdBZK9fZpY9WBiFJ3htm&usp=drive_fs

Link to participate: https://bit.ly/hc-2025-02
(PLEASE CHECK the site https://aixia.it/en/gruppi/hc/ for any changes or updates)

====

== Are you interested in Joining the group? ==
Please head to https://aixia.it/en/gruppi/hc/ fo find out how. Do not hesitate to contact us at hc-aixia@googlegroups.com for any information or clarification.

Thank you for your interest in the AI & Health seminar series and the HC@AIxIA working group, and see you soon!

Sincerely,
Francesco Calimeri, Mauro Dragoni, Fabio Stella
(coordinators of the HC@AIxIA working group)

COVID-19: a Stamp of protection

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SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   

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	Austria - Embroidered COVID-19 mask - Mint souvenir sheet

Source: Nordfrim.com - https://www.nordfrim.com/austria-covid-19-maske?

.. with apologies for the reminder!

ii "Nye" | Full Show [now ended] | National Theatre at Home

Watching yesterday on YouTube, I enjoyed NYE and was challenged by it personally and as a grandfather, son, nurse and tax-payer.

It wasn't all sweetness and light regards Aneurin "Nye" Bevin's character. Politically, he clearly pushed boundaries in response to the values he carried on his sleeve. As the family's of many health care professionals may recognise, needs outside the family can be prioritised at the family's cost. The theory-practice gap is expressed in so many ways. 

Whether by intent, or accident, the play points to the timeless challenge of social care and women's role in delivery of this care. This strikes home in the drama not just as care of the elderly, but being confronted (alone) with the slow, painful dying of a loved-one; and the reality of occupational diseases - 'black lung'. Women are exploited as carers, their hearts and feet may as well be bound; in the same way the mine owners exploited the workers. There was a stark reminder for me, of how continuity of care is often lacking today.

Nye becomes personal, as even up to 1970s working class parents would have worried, did worry about the prospect of their (invariably male - with some exceptions?) offspring going down the pit, especially in Lancashire and Yorkshire. Watching and listening to this you can appreciate how education was seen a passport to alternative white-collar work. My paternal grandfather worked in a slate quarry. I recall many invites to punch him in the 'stomach': a slate wall. He walked quite a few miles to work and wasn't that old when he died; although he (soon) followed grandma J.

For quite a while I've been drawn to the theatre. Aged 15 I was Francis Nurse - yes, the irony - in the school play, Arthur Miller's, The Crucible. It was Miss Smith, a drama teacher who first brought my attention to the idea of 'social awareness'. I recall Miss Clayton too who was a student teacher. On visits to London I've been struck by the relevance of Ibsen today. 

If there were to be a play in me, perhaps 'Axes and Crosses' must be-up-there as a working title? For  my father the 11+ exam was the icon to ward off the evil that was work down a mine; or lying under a an excavator / crane at 0400 to get the machine fixed for the shift due to start. The 11+ and need to pass this has provided its own anxiety, burden, and it must be said - motivation not just for me, but many more senior adults. I can see this now. So thank you Tim Price, National Theatre and Nye (2025!) for many further insights into stagecraft. 

See also:
https://www.bohs.org/media-resources/press-releases/detail/deadly-lung-disease-in-uk-kitchen-worktop-workers-is-avoidable/

September 2024: 'The Lightest Element'
https://www.hampsteadtheatre.com/whats-on/2024/the-lightest-element/

Previously:
What wright to care?

drama (theatre), arts

'The Deepest Breath'

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"Netflix has collaborated with A24, Motive Films, Ventureland and Raw on this gripping look at the undeniable connection forged between two athletes as they navigate the vigorous and competitive world of freediving. The Deepest Breath will have its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2023.
Logline: A champion freediver trains to break a world record with the help of an expert safety diver, and the two form an emotional bond that feels like fate. This heart-stopping film follows the paths they took to meet at the pinnacle of the freediving world, documenting the thrilling rewards – and inescapable risks – of chasing a dream through the silent depths of the ocean."

 

Image: c/o Netflix

South Sudan Medical Journal: 'Stroke' Vol 17 No 1 Feb. 2024

Dear reader,

The February 2024 issue is online here. 

It includes several items on ‘Stroke’ edited by Dr Eluzai Abe Hakim, Founder and Associate Editor of SSMJ. Note our new ‘Notice Board’ on the back page. The full contents are listed below.

We are pleased to announce that our articles are now indexed by Scopus, in addition to  African Journals Online (AJOL) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) as well as on our website. SSMJ is included in the EBSCO scientific research collection.

Please share this issue with your colleagues
and promote it through social media.

For example: “See the South Sudan Medical Journal’s February issue for articles related to stroke in Africa here @SSMedJournal #SouthSudan #SSOT” or retweet from @SSMedJournal.

Editorial

•  Address risk factors as part of clinical practice to prevent stroke Eluzai Abe Hakim 

Articles

• Reference intervals for serum creatinine and urea in the adult western Sudanese population Muaath Ahmed Mohammed, Ibrahim Abdelrahim Ali, Abdarahiem Alborai Abeadalla, and Omer Abdelaziz Musa
• Prevalence and perceptions of voluntary medical male circumcision among University of Juba students, South Sudan Kon Alier, Akway Cham, Jonathan Majok, Kenneth Sube Achan Nyang, Ezbon Wapary, James Malek, John Makuei, Jok Malith, Lual Mayuol and Yak Adim
• Paranasal sinuses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, Tanzania Enica R.Massawe, Happy E Somboi, Asterius Muganyizi, and Petra Joseph
• Hepatocellular carcinoma and aflatoxin in Sudan: The way forward Moawia Mohammed Ali Elhassan

Stroke Series Articles

• Stroke rehabilitation in low resource countries: time to provide an organised service Mehran Maanoosi
• Risk factors for stroke in the African populace: need for action Paul Bolaji
• Stroke units in low and middle income countries (LMICs) save lives: application of the western model of stroke care Omotayo Taiwo, Min K Koko, and Eluzai Hakim

Short Communications

• QUIZ: Unenhanced Brain Computerised Axial Tomographic (CAT) scan quiz
• Obituary: Dr Asia Dawud Kuek
• Obituary: Dr Lou Joseph Bosco
• Obituary: Mr Gideon Wurube Kara

Notice Board (Back Cover): Advertise in the South Sudan Medical Journal

Front Cover Image: Brain CAT scan of a stroke patient showing acute right non-haemorrhagic infarct in posterior middle cerebral artery territory as well as right basal ganglia with mass effect. (Credit: Eluzai Hakim)

The SSMJ team
Email: southsudanmedicaljournal AT gmail.com
Website: http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com
Follow us on Twitter/X @SSMedJournal and our Facebook Group

"Coal Fired Computers" c/o MUTE

"Graham Harwood and Matsuko Yokokoji (YoHa) build

contraptions that expose and collapse down the productive

chains linking telecommunications media to some of the

raw materials that constitute them.
In this interview with ANTONY ILES, however,

Harwood rejects theoretical discourses

of resistance in favour of a more direct and technical

method of 'action research' which skirts art and politics." p.159.

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Poster image for YoHa's Coal Fired Computers exhibition, AV Festival, Newcastle 2010

"AI: Though these projects do not work solely within a logic of 'representation' they do, almost as a side effect, produce awful images. I am thinking in particular of the film still from Aluminium and the blackened lung hooked up to a coal fired computer. If the 'contraptions' you make can be thought of as diagrams of socio-technical relations, what are the qualities of the images they produce? To what extent are these images necessary by-products of the processes. GH: We can see the images arising out of the forces that threaten to break the machine, or assemblages arising out of its in-betweenness. Its unfinished nature always requires the imagination of the participant/viewer to finish the job, fill in the details. This is a powerful strategy." p.164.

Source: Iles, A. (2011) Double Negative Feedback. In the mud and blood of networks: an interview with Graham Harwood, MUTE. Spring/Summer, Vol. 3, #1, pp.158-171. 

Image: http://yoha.co.uk/cfc

https://www.metamute.org/editorial/magazine/mute-vol.-3-no.-1-double-negative-feedback

Note 'Anti-disciplinary' in this issue too:

https://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/anti-disciplinary-feedback-and-will-to-effect

Will investigate anti-disciplinary, as this appears to strike a discordant note in nursing in Hodges' model promulgating genericism. A quick check was encouraging leading to MIT Lab, but then disappointing in terms of personnel and resignations - but a lead for the future (inter- multi- transdisciplinary and Hodges' model).

(Yes, second post from this issue of MUTE, a random yet informative purchase. It cost £12.00. Still clearing, boxing, moving ...).

Clean Air (Human Rights) Bill passes 3rd reading in House of Lords

Dear Peter

Clean Air (Human Rights) Bill passes 3rd reading in House of Lords!

Green Baroness Jenny Jones' Clean Air (Human Rights) Bill passed its 3rd reading in the House of Lords on Friday 2 December with strong cross-party support! This landmark Bill is also known as Ella's Law in memory of nine-year-old Ella Roberta Adoo Kissi-Debrah, the first person to have air pollution listed by a coroner as a cause of death.

This Green Party achievement could not have come at a more fitting time, as this week (5-9 December) marks the 70th anniversary of the Great Smog of London, which killed up to 12,000 people and led to the first Clean Air Act in 1956. But air pollution still kills around 40,000 people a year in the UK and causes severe ill health for millions more.

Great Smog Week is a great opportunity to highlight the need to bring air quality in our towns and cities to within World Health Organization limits – exactly what Ella's Law is designed to do. Here's how you can help:

💚 Sign the petition here

💚 Share our posts on Twitter, Facebook or Instagram about the Great Smog and Ella's Law
💚 Email your MP to say that you want action to reduce air pollution and ask them to support the Clean Air (Human Rights) Bill when it reaches the House of Commons. There's information on the Bill and why it's so badly needed here

As always, thank you for your support,

In solidarity,

Green Team

See also on W2tQ 'pollution'

Patient navigation model - Paper: mapped to h2cm

On twitter I learned of an EU project @CANCERLESS_EU and an initial paper:

 Exploring the application of the navigation model with people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review, Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2021.2021363

Phrases like 'navigation', 'architecture', 'maps' are a trigger so after some tweets, I was kindly directed to the above paper.

Here, I'm mapping patient navigation and related concepts I have added, to Hodges' model.

"Patient navigation is a community-based and person-centered intervention, whereby a named worker – the navigator – supports and guides individuals to overcome the barriers they face in accessing healthcare services and works to facilitate timely and appropriate access to care for the individual as well as their relatives, and caregivers, when needed (Freeman, 2012; Wang et al., 2015)."

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psycho- depression, anxiety, distress, trauma (psyche) serious mental health substance misuse dual diagnosis vulnerability isolated difficult to engage, missing appointments, no designated point of access - Address Personally reliant on welfare/benefits for finance - phone contact sporadic. providing emotional support, phone, transport Hit by energy costs/rent (pre-payment) if finding a place. hopelessness, lack of trust - let down many times? Stigmatized attitudes towards treatment? tailored health education asocial (due to lived experience, trauma..?)

-geography low-income areas, or areas with a high proportion of ethnic minorities or migrants USA - other nations - terminology? method: scoping review, literature search, inc. exc criteria interventions tailored to age and gender respiratory conditions, trauma (physical) excess winter mortality "homeless population having an average age at death of just 47, 30 years lower than that for the general population" exposure to activities known to increase risk of cancer HIV patients data - inc. no-show rates in-person / phone Timeliness of screening, intervention

Navigators - lay persons, or clinical professionals Lived experience, "near peer" family Training for Navigators organizing and attending appointments and facilitating self-care/self-management clinical and community settings, parks, pavements, and homeless encampments, home visits, walking and support groups *risk of stigmatization and experienced discrimination navigation less successful with certain groups?

Underserved, marginalized people Homelessness High-risk of poor health-related outcomes reported barriers access to appropriate healthcare for this population are also often compounded by lack of insurance, legal problems*... ...the PN model has been associated with a reduction in hospital costs, and even in some cases, increased revenue histories of offending and/or care women in rural areas non-specific vulnerable populations reduce incarceration, vocational and volunteering activities, access to housing

Christina Carmichael, Lee Smith, Edelweiss Aldasoro, Alejandro Gil Salmerón, Tamara Alhambra-Borrás, Ascensión Doñate-Martínez, Radhika Seiler-Ramadas & Igor Grabovac (2022) Exploring the application of the navigation model with people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review, Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2021.2021363

"Address Pollution" - not just a P.O. Box ...

... and not just in the proper U-L quadrant ...

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Homeless? No address? Identity? mental health* self-report*	Address Pollution
Global issue of street names, having an address. "LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND"	'POLITICAL FOG?' TRANSPARENCY OPACITY reporting ACTION

*Hautekiet, P., Saenen, N.D., Demarest, S. et al. Air pollution in association with mental and self-rated health and the mediating effect of physical activity. Environ Health 21, 29 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00839-x

See also:

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=address

My source: @AddresPollutionhttps://twitter.com/imathematicians/status/1530724466073952261?s=20&t=eF1XRD9HbkSJ2XWWbIk2qQ

"Death and Dying in COVID Times: Necropolitics of ECMO"

c/o Radical Philosophy Hour

 

 

 

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consciousness conceptualization 'distance' from power? vulnerability

"Abstract: The realities forged - and exacerbated by - the COVID19 pandemic have occasioned broader engagement with an otherwise esoteric means of life-support, Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation. Commonly known as “ECMO,” this technology functions as a simulated placenta, an exogenous system for oxygenating and circulating blood in gravely ill folks. ECMO is a so-called “heroic measure,” a last ditch and often futile intervention in the care of critically ill adults who are out of other options. ...

death dignity ACHILLE MBEMBE NECRO-POLITICS

... In this talk, we attend to Mbembe’s necropolitics, determinations of who will live and who will die, that inhere in the healthcare rationing of ECMO. We contrast the necropolitical economies of healthcare across three distinct nursing milieux, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The analytics of necropolitics in ECMO leads us to a critique of the transhuman impulse to attenuate death in the context of neoliberal healthcare economies. We examine the possibilities afforded by new materialist perspectives on the liminality between living and dying in the work and enactment of nursing care. We conclude with a call to speculative ethics for healthcare, attending to current realities while cleaving to what else is possible, a reparatory intervention for the white, cisheteronormative, ableist, colonial, patriarchal structures that enclose terrains of possibility for healthcare and beyond."

 

First WHO Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health, 30 October – 1 November 2018

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Individual potential Self-Actualization Anxiety - Distress Sleep Disability Mental Health Parity of Esteem Air pollution, mental health, and implications for urban design: a review Spatiotemporal influence of temperature, air quality, and urban environment on cause-specific mortality during hazy days	Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid rain, (5) increased ground-level ozone concentration, (6) increased levels of nitrogen oxides. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution Outdoor Air Quality Local, Regional, National, International, Global
7 Million deaths Home  & Work Indoor Air Quality	Air Pollution respects Borders? WHO Conference on Air Pollution @EconomicTimes All private vehicles in Delhi will be stopped from November 1 if pollution worsens: Official #DelhiAirPollution #DelhiSmog #AirPollution Urban Planning Policy

My source:

Education session at Air Pollution conference 11.30 - 13.00 tomorrow watch live https://t.co/o0DxGcFJsG @h2cm @equityhealthdev @SDOHAlliance @JohnWynnJones @ktulenko @UCL_DentalPH https://t.co/reSYUInjUF

— Transform Education (@TE_guidelines) October 30, 2018

Follow this event:

Live from WHO HQ: Opening of the First Global Conference on #AirPollution and Health with @DrTedros https://t.co/xLzkDASIJO

— World Health Organization (WHO) (@WHO) October 30, 2018

Thunderstorm Asthma in Hodges' model

individual

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anxiety - impact on respiration previous individual experience personal health literacy: "What I need to do when X,Y,Z advanced care plan: staying well, preventive measures (see below)	Breathing, Asthma Climate, Thunderstorms Pollen (rupturing?) 8,500 Hospital Treatment 1,900 Emergency calls in 5 hours Intensive Care at least 8 Deaths Protocols - metrics
Family, carer, community support Social media, warnings Provenance of information provided - community trust.	Health Services Emergency response / resources Disaster Management / Review

Melbourne thunderstorm asthma death toll rises to eight, The Guardian, 29 November 2016.

My source:
Davey, M. (2016). Deadly asthma thunderstorm kills four and leaves Melbourne reeling; &
Sample, I. (2016). Analysis, Doctors agree on why, but are less sure how. The Guardian, 25 November. p.3.

 

Update in italics - June 18th 2022, plus:

Bellomo, R., Gigliotti, P., Treloar, A., Holmes, P., Suphioglu, C., Singh, M.B. and Knox, R.B. (1992) Two consecutive thunderstorm associated epidemics of asthma in the city of Melbourne. The possible role of rye-grass pollen. Med. J. Aust. 156, 834-837.

Suphioglu, C., Singh, M.B., Taylor, P., Bellomo, R., Holmes, P., Puy, R. and Knox, R.B. (1992) Mechanism of grass-pollen-induced asthma. Lancet 339, 569-572. 

Knox, R. B. (1993) Grass pollen, thunderstorms and asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 23, 354–359.

Ong, E.K., Singh, M.B. & Knox, R.B. Aeroallergens of plant origin: Molecular basis and aerobiological significance. Aerobiologia 11, 219–229 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02447202

Nasser, S.M., Pulimood, T.B. Allergens and thunderstorm asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 9, 384 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-009-0056-8

E Andrew, Z Nehme, S Bernard, M J Abramson, E Newbigin, B Piper, J Dunlop, P Holman, and K Smith. Stormy weather: a retrospective analysis of demand for emergency medical services during epidemic thunderstorm asthma. BMJ, 359, 2017.

Rabiee, S., Mousavi, H. & Khafaie, M.A. Thunderstorm asthma outbreak, a rare phenomenon in southwest Iran: patients’ perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 36158–36162 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3478-9

Kevat A. Thunderstorm asthma: looking back and looking forward. J Asthma Allergy. 2020;13:293.

Luschkova, D., Traidl-Hoffmann, C. & Ludwig, A. Climate change and allergies. Allergo J Int 31, 114–120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-022-00212-x

 

https://asthma.org.au/blog/tips-to-prepare-for-a-thunderstorm-asthma-event/


 

Opaque

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

individual

anxiety, mood, anger, frustration, coping abilities, vulnerability, personal communication - masks, poor sleep, helplessness, apathy, personal memory, personal ethics	'Blaze season' - June to September, Smog - duration?, geography, fires, public health, asthma, respiration, bronchitis, conjunctivitis, vision, eye care, cardiovascular system, weather, create rain, environment, daily physical activities of living, ecosystem impact, elderly, young, measures, monitoring, pollution standard index: 400 1100hrs, stay indoors, building workers, Loss of Habitat
public opinion, quality of life, media, social media, public perception, communication - advice to population,  (public anger in China over that country's appalling environmental record)	Illegal forest fires, Indonesia, Singapore, Politics, Commerce, Globalization, Governments, Governance, Diplomacy, Corporations, Regulation, Law, Enforcement, Tourism, Employment, Economic impact, Health Care System Burden, Political Tension, Accountability, Trust, Companies involved? Ecocide (not in Europe)

group - population

Additional source: The Independent Friday 21 June 2013