Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: reporting

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts with label reporting. Show all posts
Showing posts with label reporting. Show all posts

Thursday, September 24, 2026

DSA Webinar: Gaining understanding by structuring inquiry: probing data with one right question after another

Dear colleagues,

 

You are warmly invited to an online webinar hosted by The Digital Statecraft Academy (DSA), which may be of interest to those working with data and evidence in social policy.

 

DSA Webinar: Gaining understanding by structuring inquiry:
probing data with one right question after another

 

Date: Thursday 8 October 2026

Time: 15:00 BST / 16:00 CEST

Register: https://events.teams.microsoft.com/event/c6b38f8d-8f6c-4324-8c98-a73eeb36af86@f8ff7417-c954-4bf8-ba5a-1c103f38279d

 

Good analysis on clean data can still give a poor answer if the question behind it is wrong. This session looks at how we move from questions to evidence, in two steps.

 

Dr Stefaan Verhulst (Co-Founder, The GovLab at New York University and The Data Tank; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Data & Policy) will look at where questions come from, which questions get asked, and how governance priorities and political context shape them long before anyone opens a dataset.

 

Professor David Hand (Emeritus Professor of Mathematics, Imperial College London) will look at the next step: turning a real-world question into a statistical one that data can answer, and how this step can go wrong.

 

The session will be chaired by Dr Zeynep Engin, Co-Founder and Director of The Digital Statecraft Academy.

 

The discussion draws on Professor Hand's new book, What is the Question? Deciding What You Really Want to Know (2026)

 

The webinar is open to all. Register via this form. Please feel free to share this invitation with colleagues who may be interested.

 

Best wishes,

The Digital Statecraft Academy

 

My source: JISC SocioTech list - https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=SOCIOTECH

Monday, September 21, 2026

Violence is a . . .

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL
: SCIENCES             
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   
|
group

violence
is a
STATE of mind:
and ...?



Photo: Nidal Eshtayeh


My source: Financial Times. 9 September, 2026, p.1.

Previously: 'violence' : 'law' : 'power'

Thursday, June 11, 2026

NHS Corridor Care – Urgent and Emergency Care Daily Situation Reports

If politicians & policymakers regularly 'walked'
 all the corridors of Hodges' model -
 they would see the false economy 
of their combined incremental works.

Incremental? Yes, in first being a 'temporary measure', then having a deleterious impact as the duration per patient and number of patients on corridors increased.

Now to the situation when the standard of care is unsafe, sub-standard, and denigrates the NHS as a social institution.

The fact of insufficient beds and its effect on care (pathways) and patient (and family) experiences severely affects staff morale, as they recognise subtle abuse, a precursor to structural and attitudinal changes that foster, encourage and establish institutionalised harm.

Staff also realise that they risk being de-skilled, 're-educated' -
becoming less compassionate ... (a 'lesser Nurse') as corridor care 
and its consequences are normalised.

Ignoring demographic trends and without an alternative concerted 
preventive/health education and health promoting plan, this is the result 
of the health and social care funding and policy
of successive governments, enacted by NHS management.

NHS England: Corridor Care – Urgent and Emergency Care Daily Situation Reports
https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/corridor-care-urgent-and-emergency-care-daily-situation-reports/

Thursday, January 22, 2026

NANDA-I Newsletter - theme of clinical reasoning


'This month at NANDA-I, we have been exploring the theme of clinical reasoning.


Clinical reasoning is at the heart of nursing; it’s how nurses make sense of complex patient information and choose the best path forward. While many nurses think of diagnosis as the centerpiece, it’s really the thinking that leads up to it, gathering cues, interpreting what matters most, and then safely determining goals and actions, that makes all the difference in outcomes. Strong reasoning helps nurses notice subtle changes and act with confidence.


As healthcare grows more complex, understanding how nurses think, not just what tools they use, helps elevate care for every patient. We’ll be sharing insights throughout the year to help you stay connected to nursing knowledge and its impact on care delivery and education.'

 

Teaching Tip: Clinical Reasoning in Practice

Start With Assessment to Improve Reasoning

When nurses work with standardized languages and clinical judgment tools, it’s tempting to dive right into diagnosis. But the most accurate and useful nursing judgments always come from strong, systematic assessment first. Quality assessment supports better interpretation of patient needs and more precise identification of nursing responses.


Quick Tip: Use a flexible assessment framework, whether it’s a conceptual model or a tool like functional health patterns, to make sure you’re capturing the data that matters most first. When you build a solid foundation with assessment, everything that follows (including diagnostic thinking) becomes clearer and more grounded.  

 

My source: 'Friends of NANDA®-I Newsletter' subscription (with my emphasis).

See also:
https://nanda.org/2025/12/nanda-360-for-educators-and-researchers-strengthening-nursing-knowledge-through-diagnosis-centered-reasoning/

Assessment, plus planning, implementation - action, evaluation (plus, formulation).

Functional and cognitive [Health, Illness, Climate, Poverty, Political, Security, Prevention, Self-care, ...] patterns.

'... make sure you’re capturing the data that matters most first' - Situated, Context, Salience.

For a competent practitioner an assessment can also be 'therapeutic' for the patient.

Previously: 'classification' : 'diagnosis' : 'NANDA' : 'ICD'

Tuesday, November 04, 2025

Descartes - alive and well ...

... within the Incident Reporting System

'Policy guidance on recording patient safety events and levels of harm 
This guidance is for users of the new Learn from Patient Safety Events (LFPSE) service, to provide context and guidance on selection of appropriate categories when recording incidents. It focuses on which Event Type is appropriate for different circumstances, and how to select the most appropriate options for the Levels of Harm categorisation required within Patient Safety Incidents.'

Previous harm grades

No harm
Low harm
Moderate harm
Severe harm
Death


individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic -------------------------------------------  mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group-population
New psychological harm grades

No psychological harm
Low psychological harm
 Moderate psychological harm
Severe psychological harm
n/a

New physical harm grades

No physical harm
Low physical harm
Moderate physical harm
Severe physical harm
Fatal







Q. 'n/a'. Discuss.

CPD reading.                      

Tuesday, January 23, 2024

"Registered Nurse RN": What is in a Title?

or, Here is Saturday's Multidisciplinary Team selection;
Registered Nurses on the subs bench;
On the Roll, or Roll with the Times?

While never a union/professional body (formal) representative, I have as a nursing assistant then student nurse been aware of the 'political' in health. Once again perhaps another way in which I was primed to the reality of staff as a key (the) resource and hence the centrality of the workforce. Abbreviations are ever present and I remember RAWP - Resource Allocation Working Party; which also drew attention to geography and scale. Unfortunately, the vitality of the workforce has suffered with workforce planning inconsistently exercised.

Once again, I also recall a presentation by Derek Hoy on the need for information systems (data - information - knowledge . . .) through nurse informatics to help make nursing visible. It seems this is still an issue, for example:
Lyu, XC., Huang, SS., Ye, XM. et al. What influences newly graduated registered nurses’ intention to leave the nursing profession? An integrative review. BMC Nurs 23, 57 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01685-z

Leamy, M., Sims, S., Levenson, R. et al. Intentional rounding: a realist evaluation using case studies in acute and care of older people hospital wards. BMC Health Serv Res 23, 1341 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10358-1

Stadnicka, S.K., Zarzycka, D. Perception of the professional self-image by nurses and midwives. Psychometric adaptation of the Belimage questionnaire. BMC Nurs 22, 412 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01564-7

 
Last month on a trip to Hay-on-Wye I picked up some back-issues of London Review of Books. Needless to say, in light of space and the clearing exercise I was very selective. The pearl of an essay cited below prompted me to wonder on the silence, quietness, lack of noise - invisibility even - of certain wards where registered nurses are present: or not? How and what data is captured and interpreted for reporting purposes and how meaning is gleaned and by whom? Making a difference in terms of patient safety and the quality of care:

LRB 45:18
"Call​ it the Jaap Stam conundrum. The story is told in Rory Smith’s entertaining book about the use of data in football, Expected Goals. Stam was a very talented but ageing central defender who had for three years been crucial to the success of Alex Ferguson’s Manchester United. Stam got into Ferguson’s bad books, and Ferguson decided to get rid of him, backed by data showing that Stam was now making fewer tackles. Stam was sold to Lazio for £16.5 million. Simon Kuper, co-author of Soccernomics (2009), about the use of numbers in football, wrote that this might have been the first deal in football based partly on data. It was, as Ferguson later admitted, a ‘bad decision’. Stam went on to have several productive years at the top of Italian football. The mistake was based on the fact that the data were Delphic. The question Man U wanted to have answered was ‘Should we keep Stam?’ Instead, the oracle answered the question ‘How many tackles is Stam making?’ But, as Smith writes,
'the best defenders do not need to make many tackles. The tackle itself is an act of last resort; great defenders intervene long before anything so tawdry is required. That Stam was making fewer tackles was not a sign that he was getting worse; if anything, it may have been a sign that his anticipation and his positioning and his reading of the game were all improving.'
Football, like Mao’s China, has discovered that getting hold of the data is one thing, interpretation of the data is another. The terms ‘data’ and ‘analytics’ are used interchangeably in sport, Smith points out, but in fact the gathering of data, fuelled by surging interest from sports teams and professional gamblers, has tended significantly to outpace the intelligent analytic use of that data."
("Delphic. It answers the question you ask, but it doesn’t tell you what to do.")

John Lanchester. Get a rabbit. Vol. 45 No. 18 · 21 September 2023.
https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n18/john-lanchester/get-a-rabbit 

See also:

Gorsky M, Millward G. Resource Allocation for Equity in the British National Health Service, 1948-89: An Advocacy Coalition Analysis of the RAWP. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2018 Feb 1;43(1):69-108. doi: 10.1215/03616878-4249814. PMID: 28972019; PMCID: PMC6312698.

RAWP
https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/assets/icbh-witness/rawp.pdf

Saturday, December 02, 2023

'Safe space' - which one?

 Individual
  |
     INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 
|
GROUP
psychological safety

physical safety

social safety

"NHS staff will be able to speak out about mistakes without fear of reprisal for the first time, thanks to a new investigation unit with "safe space" powers.
The Health Services Safety Investigations Body (HSSIB), which was launched last week, has been granted a remit that in effect means any testimony or evidence given to it by doctors, nurses and other staff medical staff will not be handed over to another agency - such as the police, a coroner or the General Medical Council - unless the High Court rules that it must."



Lintern, S. 'Safe space' unit to protect NHS staff reporting medical errors, The Sunday Times, 22nd October 2023, p.11.

Wednesday, September 06, 2023

Ability Today's Accessible Online Dip. in Journalism - Launches Next Course


Hello 

Ability Today's ADJ Launches Next Diploma Course

I hope this email finds you well.

We're really excited to announce the doors for our Academy for Disabled Journalists (ADJ) Diploma Course in partnership with the National Council for the Training of Journalists (NCTJ) are now open for disabled individuals for the third year.

This initiative aims to break down barriers in the media industry and make journalism more inclusive. We are offering accessible online classes, featuring a wide range of topics such as reporting, writing, editing, and multimedia journalism, all while accommodating the unique needs and challenges faced by disabled students.

WE NEED YOUR HELP TO SPREAD OUR MESSAGE TO AS MANY DISABLED INDIVIDUALS AS POSSIBLE.

Please access our press release by clicking the button below 👇🏼

Get the press release here

Would you please share this with your network to help us reach as many potential students who we can support on their journey into journalism?

We also welcome any further involvement you may wish to have in this program, such as offering mentorship, resources, or scholarships.

Should you have any questions or require additional information, please don't hesitate to contact me directly at grant AT abilitytoday.com.

Here is a link to our academy page with a short promotional video and further details:

abilitytoday.com/diploma-in-journalism/

twitter.com/ADJnews/status/

Best

Grant


Saturday, December 12, 2020

AI: Watch your P's and Q's

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group
"How to Talk When
a Machine Is Listening:
PROCESS
PRACTICE
Corporate Disclosure
in the Age of AI" ...



... and still ensure that corporate responsibilities are achieved (surpassed), value and values - ethical and social are upheld.

Cao, Sean S. and Jiang, Wei and Yang, Baozhong and Zhang, Alan L., How to Talk When a Machine is Listening: Corporate Disclosure in the Age of AI (August 31, 2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3683802 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683802

My source:

Wigglesworth, R. (2020) Robo-surveillance shifts tone of CEO earnings calls, FT Weekend, 5-6 December, p.19. 

 

The 4P's in Hodges' model:

SCIENCES: Process

INTRA- INTERPERSONAL: Purpose

SOCIOLOGY: Practice

POLITICAL: Policy

Friday, November 20, 2020

Two heads are better than one, but ...

beware ...
 
 individual 
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
... team - group - department - organisation - Party ...
 





group think

 

My source: Various


Thursday, September 17, 2020

When what is political turns Yellow ...

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population






 

My source:

https://twitter.com/MHRAgovuk/status/1306201325903007745?s=20

Sunday, August 23, 2020

Social Determinants of Health: The Canada Facts

SDoH: The Canadian Facts

 

Ten years ago we made available Social Determinants of Health: The Canada Facts to fill the vacuum created by Canadian governments and public health agencies on the social causes of illness and health.  In contrast these issues of health inequalities and their causes are front and centre in the European Union. 

Despite virtually no media coverage the document was downloaded over 1,200,000 times over the decade, 85% of which were by Canadians. It penetrated into just about every civil society and public health agency documents and gets 7560 hits in a google search.

 

https://www.google.com/search?q=%22social+determinants+of+Health:+the+canadian+facts%22&rlz=1C1CHBD_en-GBCA750CA750&ei=xos2X8ahJMSeytMP-Iab8As&start=0&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwjGnLzy4JrrAhVEj3IEHXjDBr44ChDy0wN6BAgMECw&biw=1097&bih=541

We have now produced a second edition, available here https://thecanadianfacts.org/

Of special interest to you may be the Epilogue that places all of the disturbing information into a political economy perspective that examines the imbalance in power between the corporate and business sectors and the rest of us and how this skews public policymaking.

Best wishes,

Dennis

https://yfile.news.yorku.ca/2020/08/12/york-professor-continues-to-shift-conversation-on-factors-shaping-health-in-canada/

 

My source:

Politics of Health Group Mail List Messages

Visit the PoHG website for lots of interesting links and publications: http://www.pohg.org.uk/

Visit PoHG on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/282761111845400

Follow us on Twitter: @pohguk

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Forgotten Rationales ... ?

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population



"One of the earliest attempts to systematically classify disease began with John Graunt’s mid-seventeenth-century examination of London’s Bills of Mortality (1939[1662]). London’s series of bubonic plague outbreaks in the first half of the seventeenth century served as the backdrop for Graunt’s statistical analysis. His primary objective was to develop a more comprehensive picture of London’s mortality in order to construct a disease-incident baseline from which to better understand the effects of plague, which tended to overshadow other causes of death. Essential to these objectives were the broader concerns for creating "population profiles through a study of causes of death" (Alter and Carmichael 1999, 121), which Graunt accomplished by estimating London’s population through a geographical analysis, allowing him to calculate crude mortality rates." p.96.



UK coronavirus: care providers allege
Covid-19 death toll underestimated

Care operators warn coronavirus may
 already be in more than
50% of nursing homes

(Robert Booth and Rowena Mason,
Wed 15 Apr 2020 07.09 BST.
The Guardian)



"Sydenham designed his nosology with the needs of the physician rather than those of the statistician in mind. Accordingly, Sydenham and Graunt produced different classification systems based on the distinct purposes for which they were intended. This distinction (clinical vs. demographic) played a more significant role in the nineteenth century, foreshadowing some of the tensions and cross-purposes that informed the development of modern classification systems. As Alter and Carmichael (1999, 121) note: 'The problematic relationship between causes of morbidity and causes of mortality thus presented an ideological barrier between the concerns of physicians and the interests of statisticians. ...one group were lumpers, the other splitters.'" p.97.



Beemer, Jeffrey Keith, "Social Meanings of Mortality: The Language of Death and Disease in 19th Century Massachusetts" (2011). Open Access Dissertations. 428.
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/428


Q. Is the state of social care and the applicable policy and legislation under which it operates an example of an 'inverted ring-fence'? Discuss & debate, justifying key policy and legislation as you see it and the implications amid the COVID-19 crisis and future (health and social care) policy.
https://twitter.com/h2cm/status/1250405469929328647?s=20


Remember(?) also:
Forgotten Streams ...  

Saturday, December 02, 2017

Data, Information, Knowledge defined c/o McGonigle & Mastrian

Graves and Corcoran (1989) drew from Blum (1986) to define the three concepts as follows: (1) data are discrete entities described objectively without interpretation; (2) information is data that are interpreted, organised, or structured; and (3) knowledge is information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized. Drawing on this work, Nelson (1982, 2002) defined wisdom as the appropriate application of knowledge to the management and solution of human problems.  
Data, which are processed to create information and then knowledge, may be obtained from individuals, familes, communities, and populations and the environment in which they exist. Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom are of concern to nurses in all areas of practice. For example, data derived from direct care of an individual may then be compiled across persons and aggregated for decision making by nurses, nurse administrators, or other health professionals. Further aggregation may address communities and populations. Nurse educators may create case studies using these data, and nurse researchers may access aggregated data for systematic study. pp.97-98.

McGonigle, D., Mastrian, K.G. (2012) Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge, Second Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA.

Fourth edition: http://www.jblearning.com/catalog/9781284121247/

See also:
Jones, P. (1996) Humans, Information, and Science, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(3),591-598.

Tuesday, December 29, 2015

Care for the ear - Svetlana Alexievich

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic --------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population

"Flaubert called himself a human pen; 
I would say that I am a human ear."

"I am drawn to that small space called
 a human being . . . a single individual."



"It always troubled me that the truth 
doesn't fit into 
one heart, 
into one mind, 
that truth is somehow splintered. 
There's a lot of it, it is varied, 
and it is 
strewn about the world."



Alexievich, S. (2015) 'Speak with a human voice', Life & Arts, FT Weekend, December 19-20. pp.1-2.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2015 Svetlana Alexievich

Svetlana Alexievich, Voices from Big Utopia

Monday, February 23, 2015

How do you Balance and Elevate Holism and Patient Safety?

We have tended to focus on problems in isolation, one harm at a time, and our efforts have been simplistic and myopic.

To significantly reduce patient harm, we need to adopt a holistic, systematic approach that extends across cultural, technological and procedural boundaries - one that is based on the evidence of what works.
...
Taking its lead from developments in highway and airline safety, the report* argues in favour of a holistic approach, integrated systems, comprehensive risk assessment and performance reporting, regulation and the creation of a "science for safety".
Darzi (2015).

What instruments does a "science for safety" need?

How can we balance procedure, patients, practice, drug delivery connections, cost, staffing and technology... How can we elevate care, competency, compassion, communication, commitment, courage and values between individual and group levels?

Having agreed and identified the essential sources of evidence (humanistic and mechanistic), how can we integrate them?

Ara Darzi (2015) Patient safety needs to be improved. Health Service Journal, 13 February. 125: 6434, p.18.

*Transforming Patient Safety: A Sector-Wide Systems Approach
Peter J Pronovost, Alan D Ravitz, Robert A Stoll, Susan B Kennedy
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/institute-of-global-health-innovation/public/Patient-safety.pdf

Tuesday, August 26, 2014

Heat maps and hotbeds in Hodges' model

individual
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
group
out of area


family contact

"Out of area placements are a good indicator of heat within the system and how over-stretched it is." p.5

Prof. Paul McCrone,
Lintern (2014).



Sources:
Image: http://www.usability.gov/sites/default/files/images/eye-tracking-full-option1.jpg

Lintern, S. (2014) Analysis reveals mental health trust funding cuts, Health Service Journal. 124, 6411, 4-5.

Thursday, November 28, 2013

The Health Foundation launch new Person-Centred Care resource centre

Dear CHAIN member,

We would like to draw your attention to the following new resources.  
Please pass on as appropriate.  Thank you.

The Health Foundation has launched their new person-centred care resource centre:

http://personcentredcare.health.org.uk/

updated:
https://improve.bmj.com/person-centred-care-2/

The resource centre is designed to help healthcare professionals implement a more person-centred healthcare service, where people are supported to more effectively manage and make informed decisions about  their own health and care. Initially focusing on shared decision making and self-management support.

Regards,
Wendy Zhou
CHAIN Manager

CHAIN - Contact, Help, Advice and Information Network  
– is an online international network for people working in health and social care.  
For more information on CHAIN and joining the network please visit website: 
http://chain.ulcc.ac.uk/chain/index.html

Tuesday, October 02, 2012

Hodges' model: Lazy data, organisations and domain outreach (HSJ Ack.)

In the (northern) summer Dr Mark Davies (NHS Information Centre) noted that:

We have lots of data but it's lazy data. We have to make it work and turn it into actionable data - data we can do something with.
Interview: The hard data man's soft spot. Health Service Journal, 2 August, 2012. p.17.
There are many ways that we can put data to work. In the interview with HSJ Dr Davies also highlighted the common and not unexpected emphasis upon the organisational views of the world. Here in England in management the current preoccupation is the preparation for April 2013 of clinical commissioning groups. The NHS has an incredible resource in its data. Whether or not the volume involved qualifies as big data is debatable, but in the interview Dr Davies continues:
 Professionals have a duty to measure, to compare and open up their data to scrutiny. "We talk about the purchaser provider split," he says. "But I think that is the wrong purchaser and provider. It is the split between the tax payer and public services that is important. ..." p.17.
I've mapped this to Hodges' model below. You could say that taxation is POLITICAL and it clearly is, but it is also part of what is frequently termed the social contract. For me this is why Dr Davies' views matter.

Looking at the model we can also see the task ahead in the many ways (domains) in which data can be put to work.

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

PURPOSE
lazy data (inertia!)
actionable data
(information - knowledge)
public



tax payers
ORGANISATIONS
/                    \
PURCHASER  PROVIDER

(citizens)
public services