When 'containment' and 'protection' meet injury

INDIVIDUAL

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     INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

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"MANUEL SUFFERED two serious brain injuries as a child in Denver, Colorado." p.54.

The function of the skull is . . ? "Brain injuries affect about 8.5% of the general population but rates among prisoners are far higher. Kim Gorgens, a neuropsychologist at the University of Denver, reckons that between 50% and 80% of prisoners and those on parole in America have brain injuries. A review of research in America, Australia and Europe suggests that the average reported rate is around 46%. Research conducted in 2010 by Huw Williams of the University of Exeter put the rate among men in British prisons at 65%. A study published in 2017 found that nearly half of all prisoners in New Zealand had been hospitalised for a traumatic brain injury before committing their crime. Researchers suspect that the numbers may be even higher in poorer countries because road-traffic accidents and violence are generally more common." p.54.

"A report in 2016 by the Centre for Mental Health estimated that in Britain the cost of traumaic brain injury in a 15-year old who goes on to offend is around £345,000 ($475,000). The cost to those affected and society more widely - is incalcuable." p.55.

The function of prison is . . ? "They are more troublesome while in prison and more likely to reoffend on release. This is especially true for those, like Manuel, who are injured as children." p.54. "Acknowledging the link between brain injuries and criminal behaviour is not to excuse lawbreaking. Most people with such injuries are capable of taking responsibility for their actions. However, it is easier to curb crime if you understand the factors that make it more likely, of which neurodisabilities are an important and neglected one." p.13.

Banged up. International, The Economist, March 27th 2021. pp.54-55;
And: Leaders. Knocked out and locked up. 438:9238, p.13.

See also:

UK Prisons Strategy White Paper

Headway: Brain injury and the criminal justice system

WHO Housing and health guidelines

"Recommendations to promote healthy housing for a sustainable and equitable future"

The quality of housing has major implications for people’s health. Housing in cities is of particular concern, with the world’s urban population predicted to double by 2050 and, with it, the demand for housing. In both developed and developing countries, improving housing conditions and reducing health risks in the home is thus critically important.

Improved housing conditions can save lives, reduce disease, increase quality of life, reduce poverty, help mitigate climate change and contribute to the achievement of a number of Sustainable Development Goals, including those addressing health (SDG 3) and sustainable cities (SDG 11). Housing is therefore a major entry point for intersectoral public health programmes and primary prevention. [Foreward, p.xii]

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INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES

humanistic ------------ SDG 3 HEALTH----------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

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Mental Health Peace of Mind Sense of Well-Being Confidence Identity "Functional impairments are often operationalized in terms of whether a person can accomplish activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). IADL refers to basic tasks of everyday life such as bathing, dressing, transferring, toileting, continence and feeding. -	SDG 11 Sustainable cities Housing - Dwellings Indoors - Pollution - Outdoors benzo[a]pyrene carbon monoxide, particulate matter, ... Indoor heat :: Indoor cold Injury hazards, structure Research Weatherization Heat - Temperature - Cold Insulation Space, Noise, Fuel, Energy, Light Accessible home environments for people with functional impairments
ADL refers to a range of activities that are required for independent living in the community, such as preparing meals, housekeeping, taking medication, shopping, managing one’s own finances, travelling and using the telephone." p.69. HOME -  belonging, security and privacy Household Crowding - health Community Water access WASH water, sanitation and hygiene Social interactions	local, regional, national government Ministries of Health Housing regulations Standards Policy Funding - Cost Effectiveness Reduce poverty Impact of housing on: morbidity staying well, relapse risk hospital admissions recidivism  ...