The land speaks through Bears & Peoples: Together

Figure 2

ABSTRACT

Landscape genetic analyses of wildlife populations can exclude variation in a broad suite of potential spatiotemporal correlates, including consideration of how such variation might have similarly influenced people over time. Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations in what is now known as coastal British Columbia, Canada, provide an opportunity to examine the possible effects of a complex set of landscape and human influences on genetic structure. In this collaboration among the Nuxalk, Haíɫzaqv, Kitasoo/Xai’xais, Gitga’at, and Wuikinuxv First Nations and conservation scientists, we characterized patterns of genetic differentiation in the grizzly bear, a species of high cultural value, by genotyping 22 microsatellite loci from noninvasively collected hair samples over a 23,500 km² area. We identified three well-differentiated groups. Resistance surfaces, which incorporated past and present human use, settlement, and landscape resistant features, could not explain this pattern of genetic variation. Notably, however, we detected spatial alignment between Indigenous language families and grizzly bear genetic groups. Grizzly bears sampled within an area represented by a given language family were significantly similar to those sampled within that language family (P = 0.001) and significantly divergent to those sampled outside the language family (P = 0.001). This spatial co-occurrence suggests that grizzly bear and human groups have been shaped by the landscape in similar ways, creating a convergence of grizzly bear genetic and human linguistic diversity. Additionally, grizzly bear management units designated by the provincial government currently divide an otherwise continuous group and exclude recently colonized island populations that are genetically continuous with adjacent mainland groups. This work provides not only insight into how ecological and geographic conditions can similarly shape the distribution of people and wildlife but also new genetic evidence to support renewed, locally led management of grizzly bears into the future.

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'This work is dedicated to the late Nuaqawa (Evelyn Windsor), who taught us that people learned their language and way of life from the bears.'	Geographic distance Spatial overlap Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) Population genetic structure Landscape genetics
Biocultural diversity Indigenous language families Human linguistic diversity Awareness - Respect	[What price the future? pj]

Henson, L. H., N. Balkenhol, R. Gustas, M. Adams, J. Walkus, W. G. Housty, A. V. Stronen, J. Moody, C. Service, D. Reece, B. M. vonHoldt, I. McKechnie, B. F. Koop, and C. T. Darimont. 2021. Convergent geographic patterns between grizzly bear population genetic structure and Indigenous language groups in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Ecology and Society 26(3):7.
https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12443-260307

My source:
Roman Goergen. Grizzly spoken here! Resurgence & Ecologist, July/August2023: 339: pp.10-11.

See also: https://iaac-aeic.gc.ca/050/documents/p21799/85674E.pdf

Previously: 'landscape' : 'ecology'

[ Towards . . .] A Geometry of Care*

Context -

"Introduction: We present a new model of skilled performance in geometry proof problem solving called the Diagram Configuration model (DC)." p.577.

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"A safe abstraction only ignores irrelevant details, i.e., details which only discriminate between objects that are functionally equivalent with respect to the problem solving task." p.582. DIAGRAMMATIC REASONING So much to consider here, I may be overstretching analogies but then Hodges' model can act as both a conceptual rack and resolver.

"For instance, to use the side-angle-side rule for inferring triangle congruence a problem solver must locate three congruence relationships - two between corresponding sides of the triangles and one between corresponding angles. In searching for a list of statements for these three relationships, one might need to consider numerous possible combinations of three statements that exist in the list. However, if these relationships are marked on a diagram, one can quickly identify them since the side-angle-side configuration comes together in each triangle at a single vertex. In other words, related information is often easier to find in a diagram because it is typically in the same locality whereas the same information may be separated in a in a list of statements. This is the locality feature of diagrams." p.584.

not just 'local' -

- but intra- interdomain - with constant stress on safety.

Koedinger, K.R. & Anderson, J.R. (1995) Abstract Planning and Perceptual Chunks. In  Diagrammatic Reasoning: Cognitive and Computational Perspectives. Janice Glasgow, N Hari Narayanan, B. Chandrasekaran (Eds.). Massachusetts: AAAI PRESS / MIT Press. pp.577-625.

Book cover: https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/546459

*There may be several? But -

"One of the places where the Geometry tutor expert (GTE) gets bogged down while attempting difficult problems is in the fruitless application of algebra inferences. Algebra expressions can be combined and manipulated in infinite variety and as a result, algebra inferences often lead problem solvers into black holes in the search space from which they may never return." (17.4.3 Avoiding Algebra in the Diagram Configuration Space),  p.593.