Oh dear! I forgot to ask the nurse (doctor)....
Hodges' model introduction II:
The view from the other side of the fence
Have you ever been to see the doctor or nurse and shortly after leaving the surgery, or clinic you've remembered something? These days - very sadly - many people go to the doctor to seek help for their memory, but for others this is a fact of that frustrating mix of vital questions and issues to raise amid recognition that the time of nurses and doctors is very precious.
This post introduces a framework that can help people to prepare for a consultation and maintain a record of just where their care situation is up to. The framework in question is called Hodges' model. It is named after a retired Senior Lecturer - Mr Brian E. Hodges who lives in Sheffield, England. Brian Hodges created the model to help nurses and community staff ensure the care they deliver is holistic. Holistic in this sense means covering all the essential aspects that contribute to health and well-being, so that includes physical, emotional and mental and even spiritual health.
If you need to go into hospital you do not want to be treated like a faulty machine. Of course, in an emergency those machine-like things we do like heart beat, respiration, temperature regulation are of central importance. Should you ever need emotional care for a severe mental health problem then you would also expect that your physical needs are taken fully into account. Amidst these aspects of care the health care team must also pay attention to culture, equality, diversity and access to services.
Although the model was developed in the 1980s its relevance and potential increases in all the time. This is because of the following:
* health care and medicine is increasingly complex;
* people may have long term and multiple chronic problems;
* education is essential to 21st century care management - as people are expected to 'self-care';
- people may also be managing their own care budget and so need information and 360 vision;
* policy makers stress the need for 'patient choice';
* high quality health and social care is very expensive;
* as people live longer and may have several relationships spanning cultures and belief systems the notion of a health career is the career.
Hodges' model builds on two basic facts of life (and death):
From your point of view and that of any health or social care professional your health is about you - an INDIVIDUAL.
Your health affects other people - most significantly your family. Rather than you being ill, you may of course be a carer having to look after a relative. Also affected are work colleagues, the wider community through to whole GROUPS of people.
We now talk about medicine, well-being, and health in terms of global health since the population of Earth is so tightly linked and interdependent.
In order to maintain health there is a need to diagnose and intervene - or assess, plan, intervene and evaluate. Here the model can also take into account ethnic and transcultural aspects of health. Diagnosis and intervention in Western medicine is frequently MECHANISTIC and this is balanced (remember that HOLISTIC part of the model) by the need for HUMANISTIC interventions. This is what we mean by 'bedside manner' and people being 'caring'. The ability to empathise with others and develop a therapeutic rapport after physical and emotional trauma is a great gift - that while often innate can also be learned and honed.
Once Brian Hodges had identified the following dimensions of care:
INDIVIDUAL - GROUP and HUMANISTIC - MECHANISTIC
he considered the types of knowledge that health and social care workers need to not only do their job safely, effeciently and effectively, but also help people to help themselves. This led to the FOUR CARE or KNOWLEDGE DOMAINS, each covers a key aspect of care:
SCIENCES: e.g. anatomy, physiology,healing process, drugs, risk, diagnosis...
INTRAPERSONAL: e.g. mood, thinking, beliefs, communication, education, learning, coping...
SOCIOLOGY: e.g. relationships, roles, meaning, groups, resources
POLITICAL: e.g. choice, consent, autonomy, policy, legislation, finances
Students - young and mature - who decide to study health and social care can use the model to help them reflect on critical events in their training and learning. The model can help them gain some insights in completing essays and case studies integrating knowledge and experience. When you think about it: if it essential that care professionals are able to have an effective dialogue with patients and the public then they should also be capable of having an effective 'dialogue' with themselves.
Members of the public can also be taught the model to help them appreciate the factors involved in their care programs, solutions and ongoing management if required. Hopefully this brief explanation sheds some light on the model's mantra:
h2cm: help 2C more - help 2 listen - help 2 care
Hodges' model is no universal panacea it is just a tool; but while services stress the need for person-centered, integrated, value-for-money, high quality services ... built on respect, dignity, trust and choice - YOUR health career matters.
On the website's homepage there are four introductions based upon the care domains. Each one addresses a particular audience: learners (SCIENCES); patient (INTRAPERSONAL); carer (SOCIOLOGY) and policy maker / manager (POLITICAL). They all need updating (re-writing?!).
If you would like to contribute to this exercise please contact me through twitter or at h2cmng at yahoo.co.uk
orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-8965