Factor Analysis - in the Intra- Interpersonal domain

 'Some Limitations of Factor Analysis.

The mistake should not be made of identifying the whole of the psychology of abilities with factor analysis. Vocational and educational selection and guidance must take account not only of personality traits and interests which might profitably be expressed as factors also, but also of relevant experience, home circumstances and the like. And although there is a strong case for substituting objective tests for the subjective judgments of an interviewer, in practice it is seldom possible to carry out such guidance without an interviewer to bring together all the data and to interpret them to the candidates (cf. Vernon and Parry, 1949). Still more mportant for the development of psychological science are experiments on conditions affecting the performance of skills and of mental tasks, for example, investigations of the design of equipment, or studies of the learning process, of concept formation, of physical or mental fatigue and boredom, and so forth. Here factor analysis is largely irrelevant, since it deals only with the end products of human thinking and behaviour, and throws little light on how these products come about in individual human beings. Factors are indeed a kind of blurred average, for though they derive from the common features displayed by a large group of people, they may stem from very diverse mental and physical processes in different people. Analysis does not even usually tell us which factors an individual uses in any given performance, though it probably could do so. Thus one individual may score well at a test through high g, another might get the same score by virtue of some group factor, yet another through specific ability at that particular test.' p.9.

Philip E. Vernon, (C. A. Mace, Ed.). (1971) The Structure of Human Abilities. Methuen's Manuals of Modern Psychology. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., pp. 208.

See also: 

Seemüller, F., Schennach, R., Musil, R. et al. (2023). A factor analytic comparison of three commonly used depression scales (HAMD, MADRS, BDI) in a large sample of depressed inpatients. BMC Psychiatry 23, 548. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05038-7

Bajraktarov, S., Blazhevska Stoilkovska, B., Russo, M., Repišti, S., Maric, N. P., Dzubur Kulenovic, A., Arënliu, A., Stevovic, L. I., Novotni, L., Ribic, E., Konjufca, J., Ristic, I., Novotni, A., & Jovanovic, N. (2023). Factor structure of the brief psychiatric rating scale-expanded among outpatients with psychotic disorders in five Southeast European countries: Evidence for five factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry, Volume 14-2023. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1207577

Bandalos, D. L. (2018). Measurement theory and applications for the social sciences. New York: Guilford Publications.

Schmitt, T. A. (2011). Current methodological considerations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(4), 304–321. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282911406653