Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Wednesday, October 08, 2025

11th Living Knowledge Conference 2026 – Call for proposal now open

Dear all,

we are excited to announce the Call for Proposals for the -

11th Living Knowledge Conference

in Gdańsk, Poland, from July 7-10, 2026!

Taking place in the birth of the Solidarity Movement, the theme of the conference is "Research and Solidarity" which will appeal to everyone interested in supporting, facilitating, or doing community-driven, collaborative research, thereby fostering a ‘community of practice’ that welcomes both old and new friends.

We look forward to hearing from both experienced and new, early-career researchers and practitioners working with community-based research, engaged research, or citizen science.

Deadline for submissions is Dec. 15 / Jan. 10 for poster submission.

Conference Info:

📅 Key Dates & Deadlines
📢 Call for Proposal
💻 Session Formats

More information about the venue and registration will be announced soon.

Attached please find a communication kit that can help to amplify this Call For Proposals. Please share with your networks, community partners, students and faculty.


With thanks,

The Living Knowledge Conference team

Tuesday, October 07, 2025

Short Placement Award for Research Collaboration (SPARC) (Cohort 12)

Dear CHAIN member,

We would like to draw your attention to the following funding opportunity offered by NIHR. Please pass on the information as appropriate. Thank you.

‘Short Placement Award for Research Collaboration (SPARC) (Cohort 12)

This award offers a unique opportunity to design and undertake a short, bespoke placement within a part of the NIHR. Tailored to your individual research training needs and background, the award aims to enhance your research career, skills, and professional network.

What are the priority themes for an NIHR SPARC?

  • Multiple Long Term Conditions - Morbidity (MLTC-M)
The NIHR SPARC welcomes applications centred around making connections important to your research and work, that may spark innovative new ways of working across MLTC research.
  • Links to industry and the commercial sectors
One of the aims of the NIHR is to increase the number of researchers equipped with the skills to work at the interfaces between:
  • academia
  • the NHS
  • wider health, public health and social care
  • industry
We work with a diverse range of industry sectors. The NIHR SPARC welcomes applications that undertake placements in other parts of the organisation that have developed partnerships and collaborations with industry partners. This opportunity should develop your skills and experience to have a successful working relationship with industry (including the life-sciences, med-tech, SMEs and the food industry) and encourage entrepreneurship.

Please note applicants wishing to plan and undertake placements that meet their own research training and career development needs will continue to be encouraged and welcomed; however for Cohort 12 of the NIHR SPARC we are particularly encouraging applicants to consider placements in the two areas outlined above.

Closing date: 20 November 2025 at 1:00 pm'

Find out more at: https://www.nihr.ac.uk/funding/short-placement-award-research-collaboration-sparc-cohort-12/2025334?source=chainmail

Kind regards,

Wendy Zhou
CHAIN Manager

 

If you wish to publicise information on the CHAIN Network please email your request to: enquiries AT chain-network.org.uk

 

CHAIN - Contact, Help, Advice and Information Network – is an online international network for people working in health and social care. For more information on CHAIN and joining the network please visit website: www.chain-network.org.uk

 

Follow CHAIN on X: @CHAIN_Network ; Connect with CHAIN on LinkedIn


See also: 'long term' : 'academia' : 'interfaces' : 'industry' : 'social care'

Monday, October 06, 2025

On models, gaps, deficits, neglect

This a.m. I responded to an email from -

the SDOH Listserv at https://listserv.yorku.ca/cgi-bin/wa?SUBED1=SDOH&A=1

- about a forthcoming book (news to follow). 

I replied, with thoughts (edited) that link to the post earlier today:

On the 'front' - or behind the line(s)?

As a community mental health nurse, I've always recognised (as best I can) the critical, power relation of psychiatry.

This is why I study - champion Hodges' model, because the -
  • medical model
  • bio-medical
  • bio-psycho-social models 
- are all inadequate (in the 21st C. and supposedly post-Institutional care?).*

Inclusion of the 'Political' domain in Hodges' model, is critical in the negotiation between the person and collective.

This is what opens up the wide, expansive 'front' in Hodges' model, where relations can be explored in abstract and concrete terms.

A point I'm currently working through (post - paper?): is it ironic that that education and health have acknowledged and try to mitigate(?) the 'deficit model', but in the very conceptual frameworks / models that these disciplines & professions deploy (esp. medicine?), there is a deficit* - manifest in were we are and how we Care today and tomorrow. This is further aggrevated as capitalism clearly has its way (counter-lobbying the health and care professions)?

*tantamount to neglect?

Despite the pioneering efforts and work of several leaders e.g. Virchow, and fields of medical sociology and public (mental) health.

See also - Joe Wicks: Licensed to Kill Channel 4 UK. 2000hrs 6th October 2025.

'Cereal'

On the 'front' - or behind the line(s)?

In many sources on socio-economics, politics, health policy ... I still note the challenge to represent the INDIVIDUAL and COLLECTIVE within a figure. Of course the author's subject, purpose, the context all influence the final depiction and the message to be conveyed. 

I wonder if Hodges' model can provide a starting point to explore relationships, oppositions, arguments and synergies?

Hodges' model provides an 
expansive and potentially powerful 'front' 
through its horizontal axis 
[ HUMANISTIC ↔ MECHANISTIC ].

This axis - drawn across and through the model vertically, may make it easier(?) to analyse and synthesize the relations at work and produce a diagram?

Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC =========================  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group
INDIVIDUAL

INDIVIDUAL

GROUP - POPULATION

GROUP - POPULATION


Saturday, October 04, 2025

Argumentation - Journal: Informal Logic

Early evening (UK) yesterday, I joined a further webinar on argumentation. Through the speaker, and discussion, I was led to a journal

INFORMAL LOGIC

It is in informal logic that I see a role for Hodges' model. The model's structure providing a universal foundation of knowledge domains to be applied in practice. The bonus of this journal, is its being open access, a search revealed the following paper:

Mark Weinstein. Towards a Research Agenda for Informal Logic and Critical Thinking. XII.3, Fall 1990.
https://ojs.uwindsor.ca/index.php/informal_logic/article/view/2609

'This paper recommends that the recent concern with informal logic and critical thinking be redirected from its general philosophical focus and towards a greater appreciation of the particulars of practice in the various domains of human understanding. The redirection recommended is prompted by the central role that critical thinking and informal logic can be seen to play in meaningful educational reform, especially at the undergraduate level.' 

'Critical thinking, similarly, should be redirected from concerns typical of philosophers and towards issues and approaches more representative of critical thinking both within and across the wide range of disciplines represented by the course of undergraduate studies.' p.121.

'The sense that there is an internal relationship between arguments, argumentation and domains of knowledge persists despite attempts to show relevant and useful notions of critical thinking that are generally available for instruction and neutral in respect of the disciplines. The resolution of the issues generated by these competing views, requires that reflective practitioners of the disciplines, students of the history of ideas, methodologists and specialists in teaching increasingly engage in the task of generating and organizing the data upon which an informed and adequate notion of critical thinking across the disciplines must be based.' p.125.

I believe that the structure of Hodges' model provides a basis for Weinstein's ordinary argumentation and stylized argumentation.

For me (at present) ordinary argumentation, is 'open' argumentation. That is, without differentiation in (using) Hodges' model. I might (well, I would) have Hodges' model in mind, but choose not to apply it. As per the paper, stylized argumentation is using Hodges' model and doing so in a multidisciplinary manner - within my discipline. 

The problem and challenge for nurses and other health professionals is the need, if:

  • person/patient-centred;
  • integrated;
  • and holistic - having regard for parity of esteem (mind - body)

- not to stray, extend the disciplinary scope, while working within one's professional scope.

In highly effective multidiscioplinary teams that touch on being transdisciplinary (hybrid?), can experienced team members have insight into the stylized argumentation of their colleagues?

Ack. ​Argumentation network of the AMERICAS - https://www.argnet.org/ethics-of-arg.html

Previously: 'critical thinking'

Friday, October 03, 2025

'National Care Service' - Casey Commission

'Casey Commission tasked with producing plan for ‘national care service’ by 2026

Government remit also asks independent commission to consider services for older people and disabled adults separately and to ensure recommendations stick to government spending settlement

By Mithran Samuel on May 2, 2025 in Adults, Social work leaders

The Casey Commission has been tasked with producing a plan next year for delivering a “national care service” over the course of a decade.

The 2026 report will be followed by a further report, due by 2028, setting out longer-term recommendations for the sector, according to the Department of Health and Social Care’s (DHSC) terms of reference for the commission, published today.

The Independent Commission into Adult Social Care, headed by crossbench peer and renowned government troubleshooter Baroness (Louise) Casey, started its work this week.

The plan to set up the commission sparked criticism from social care organisations, after it was announced in January, due to its three-year timeframe being seen as far too long to develop a plan for a sector under under severe immediate pressures and facing significant future challenges.' 
continued...
https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2025/05/02/casey-commission-tasked-with-producing-plan-for-national-care-service-by-2026/

The Casey Commission


... so many people ...

Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC  --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group



 ... watching this space.





My prompt: Letters to the Editor, The Sunday Times. 12th January 20025. p.22.

https://www.thetimes.com/comment/letters-to-editor/article/sunday-times-letters-labours-national-care-service-proposal-ghx22kzt2

Thursday, October 02, 2025

Will it? Won't it? Artificial general intelligence - AGI

In the media - notably the financial press (radio, TV, Times, FT here) there have been recent questions raised about whether the generative AI bubble is about to burst. The latest releases of GAI are not the step-change that might have been expected. Artificial General Intelligence may not be quite in-sight. As a result I've been reminded of Prof. Peter Gärdenfors work on 'Conceptual Spaces':

'Within cognitive science, two approaches currently dominate the problem of modeling representations. 

1. The symbolic approach views cognition as computation involving symbolic manipulation. 

2. Connectionism, a special case of associationism, models associations using artificial neuron networks. 

Peter Gärdenfors offers his theory of conceptual representations as a bridge between the symbolic and connectionist approaches.' MIT Press.


Hodges'model facilitates a hybrid response to situations, as needed.

A further prompt is the programme for November's AI Health 2025:

https://www.bcs-sgai.org/health2025/?u=programme

Peter Gärdenfors. (2000) Conceptual Spaces: The Geometry of Thought. MIT Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2076.001.0001

https://direct.mit.edu/books/monograph/2532/Conceptual-SpacesThe-Geometry-of-Thought

Wednesday, October 01, 2025

Julian Tudor-Hart 'The Inverse Care Law' - c/o The Lancet

On the bottom of my notes re. Giarchi and 'distance decay' I'd written:

'Inverse Care law - p.60. - Giarchi. "those who suffer more ill health are less likely to be assisted."

It made me wonder about the origin of this law having posted about it in 2020.

The Lancet has an editorial and an associated podcast:

50 years of the inverse care law. The Lancet, Volume 397, Issue 10276, 767. February 27, 2021.

'“The availability of good medical care tends to vary with the need for it in the population served. This inverse care law operates more completely where medical care is most exposed to market forces, and less so where such exposure is reduced.”

These understated opening lines of Julian Tudor Hart's paper, The Inverse Care Law, are as relevant now (50 years to the day since publication) as in 1971. The paper is one of the landmark publications in The Lancet's near 200-year history, and the resonance of Tudor Hart's definition of the inverse care law has global and timeless importance. Simply expressed, Tudor Hart observed that disadvantaged populations need more health care than advantaged populations, but receive less.
Tudor Hart's life and career took him from highly privileged beginnings in London and Cambridge to decades spent in the deprived and deeply socialist Welsh valleys. His experience and work has inspired a generation of influential health-care leaders including Andrew Haines, Allyson Pollock, Cesar Victora, and Graham Watt. Today's anniversary issue of The Lancet explores both the global reach of the inverse care law and primary care initiatives in deprived areas around the UK.
Although inequality in health and its many causes are widely understood, inequity in health-care service provision is enduring and fundamental: an intractable concept that lies at the heart of the inverse care law. The inverse care law is primarily about inequity (injustice) in health care that results in unfair social inequalities (imbalances) in health. Since the inverse care law was published, the UK's National Health Service (NHS) has strived to reduce inequity with mixed success. Notably, long-lasting progress was achieved through the 1970s resource allocation formula, which reduced geographical inequality in hospital and institutional expenditure. In the early 2000s, the NHS strengthened primary care provision in disadvantaged areas, leading to a temporary reduction in social inequality, although this progress has reversed following shifts in funding, a slowing of spending, and years of living with austerity.'

See also: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Tudor-Hart

https://www.chpi.org.uk/blog/julian-tudor-hart-and-the-essence-of-primary-care/