A new citation of Hodges' model: "A multi-agent system approach to dynamic ridesharing for older people" 2020

Given the volume of new research published each year and even daily, I am always looking for validation of Hodges' model and my belief (and time ...) in the model's generic utility.

An email from ResearchGate this morning prompted a search, revealing the following conference paper by Iris Lohja, Yves Demazeau and Christine Verdier. 

This a very rewarding read for me as the paper states that Hodges' is situated, person-centred, socio-technical and combines the individual and group.

"Situation Theory is a theoretical approach, according to which a system is defined as the composition of situation-related concerns. To collect information about these concerns and to address the user preferences BP, we use the Hodges’ Health Career Model (H2CM) [15]. It is a model centred around the person, based on the situation,considering all contexts (or as many as possible), and allows for simple modelling. One of the main reasons why this model is adapted to our context is that it allows for individualism and holism at the same time. We use H2CM to structure knowledge or features of older people around two axes – the vertical axis of individual and group and the horizontal axis of humanistic and mechanistic – which create four knowledge domains – Interpersonal, Sciences, Sociology, and Political. The vertical axis indicates our primary focus on the older person as an individual and as a group. The horizontal axis separates features into humanistic – related to the social aspect of the older person/people – and mechanistic – related to the technical aspects concerning the older person/people. Figure 1 shows the H2CM model for the passenger population, where we can see some features identified and classified into the four knowledge domains.

Modelling the passenger population with H2CM in IMOPOP helps to identify and include in the system their preferences and constraints, thus addressing the user preferences BP. A UML representation of a passenger agent is shown in Figure 2.

Table 1 compares the approaches we have considered for the modelling of the agents, according to our main criteria." p.54

I will post again and if possible with Figure 1 and Table 1 from the paper. 

Figure 1 could be extended and Table 1 is a very useful approach by the authors, contrasting Hodges' model with other approaches.

"In this paper, we discussed about various MAS techniques for dealing with the first two blocking points. Viewing our multi-agent system as componential, we considered various models for modelling each of its components. We used the socio-technical Hodges’ Health Career Model, which originates from the social care domain but we still described as it is crucial for IMOPOP. It is used to model the older people as the agents in the system, addressing the user preferences blocking point. Given that we consider ridesharing as activity-based, we discussed about activities and proposed modelling the urgency and importance of these activities in the system. In the environment, we modelled agents’ points of interest and the main players in the ridesharing market." p.57.

MAS: multi-agent systems (the MAS described is called IMOPOP)

Iris Lohja, Yves Demazeau, Christine Verdier. A multi-agent system approach to dynamic ridesharing for older people: State-of-the-art work and preliminary design. 18èmes Rencontres des Jeunes Chercheurs en Intelligence Artificielle, RJCIA’20, Jun 2020, Angers, France. pp.52-59. ⟨hal-02897446⟩

 See also from Aug. 2020:

a Paper: Hodges' model and mental health nursing in bushfire-affected communities