Patient navigation model - Paper: mapped to h2cm

On twitter I learned of an EU project @CANCERLESS_EU and an initial paper:

 Exploring the application of the navigation model with people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review, Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2021.2021363

Phrases like 'navigation', 'architecture', 'maps' are a trigger so after some tweets, I was kindly directed to the above paper.

Here, I'm mapping patient navigation and related concepts I have added, to Hodges' model.

"Patient navigation is a community-based and person-centered intervention, whereby a named worker – the navigator – supports and guides individuals to overcome the barriers they face in accessing healthcare services and works to facilitate timely and appropriate access to care for the individual as well as their relatives, and caregivers, when needed (Freeman, 2012; Wang et al., 2015)."

 INDIVIDUAL

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 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

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GROUP

psycho- depression, anxiety, distress, trauma (psyche) serious mental health substance misuse dual diagnosis vulnerability isolated difficult to engage, missing appointments, no designated point of access - Address Personally reliant on welfare/benefits for finance - phone contact sporadic. providing emotional support, phone, transport Hit by energy costs/rent (pre-payment) if finding a place. hopelessness, lack of trust - let down many times? Stigmatized attitudes towards treatment? tailored health education asocial (due to lived experience, trauma..?)

-geography low-income areas, or areas with a high proportion of ethnic minorities or migrants USA - other nations - terminology? method: scoping review, literature search, inc. exc criteria interventions tailored to age and gender respiratory conditions, trauma (physical) excess winter mortality "homeless population having an average age at death of just 47, 30 years lower than that for the general population" exposure to activities known to increase risk of cancer HIV patients data - inc. no-show rates in-person / phone Timeliness of screening, intervention

Navigators - lay persons, or clinical professionals Lived experience, "near peer" family Training for Navigators organizing and attending appointments and facilitating self-care/self-management clinical and community settings, parks, pavements, and homeless encampments, home visits, walking and support groups *risk of stigmatization and experienced discrimination navigation less successful with certain groups?

Underserved, marginalized people Homelessness High-risk of poor health-related outcomes reported barriers access to appropriate healthcare for this population are also often compounded by lack of insurance, legal problems*... ...the PN model has been associated with a reduction in hospital costs, and even in some cases, increased revenue histories of offending and/or care women in rural areas non-specific vulnerable populations reduce incarceration, vocational and volunteering activities, access to housing

Christina Carmichael, Lee Smith, Edelweiss Aldasoro, Alejandro Gil Salmerón, Tamara Alhambra-Borrás, Ascensión Doñate-Martínez, Radhika Seiler-Ramadas & Igor Grabovac (2022) Exploring the application of the navigation model with people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review, Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, DOI: 10.1080/10530789.2021.2021363