Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: Beyond Empathy to System Change: Four Poems on Health by Bertolt Brecht

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Tuesday, December 30, 2025

Beyond Empathy to System Change: Four Poems on Health by Bertolt Brecht

The canalization of a river 
The grafting of a fruit tree 
The education of a person 
The reconstruction of a state. 
These are all instances of a fruitful critique 
And they are also
 Instances of art. 
—Bertolt Brecht, “On the Critical Attitude”


Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC  --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group
'The education of a person'


'The canalization of a river
The grafting of a fruit tree'
 

'These are all instances of a fruitful critique
And they are also
Instances of art.'
—Bertolt Brecht,
“On the Critical Attitude”

 


'The reconstruction of a state.'




MacGregor, W., Horn, M. & Raphael, D. Beyond Empathy to System Change: Four Poems on Health by Bertolt Brecht. J Med Humanit 45, 53–77 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-023-09801-5

My source: 

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See also: 'drama' : 'empathy' : 'poetry' : 'change' : 'art'