Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: State

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts with label State. Show all posts
Showing posts with label State. Show all posts

Thursday, June 18, 2026

Evidence sent to Cumbria Police about 61 baby deaths at church-run home c/o ITV News

'Some babies born with disabilities were denied medical help because they were judged unadoptable, as ITV News Social Affairs Correspondent Sarah Corker reports


Evidence has been submitted to Cumbria Police in connection with allegations of historical abuse at a church-run mother and baby institution where more than 60 newborn babies died, following an ITV News investigation.

A new report by Dr Michael Lambert, an historian of the welfare state at Lancaster University, has outlined a high infant death rate at St Monica’s home in Kendal.

The report concluded that the deaths were due to a combination of failings, including inadequate facilities, malpractice and poor care from those delivering babies and a lack of oversight from the church and state.

Analysis of public health records, alongside birth and death certificates, indicated that children with disabilities born at the mother and baby home were deemed "un-adoptable" and denied modern medical care, according to the new research.'

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL
: SCIENCES             
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   
|
group
emotional neglect and abuse
 grief, trauma and guilt
 shame
 
physical neglect and abuse
 high infant death rate
inadequate facilities
malpractice


mother and baby  
social / societal punishment 
public health 


 institutions
 criminal investigation
 records              



Source: ITV: NW News and https://www.itv.com/news/2026-06-09/evidence-sent-to-cumbria-police-about-61-baby-deaths-at-church-run-home

Wednesday, April 08, 2026

Raising the alarm on authoritarian rule c/o Life&Arts FT

INDIVIDUAL
|
     INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 
|
GROUP
I can think for myself!
 Yes.
  But, are you allowed to think?
EVERYBODY
        TO KENMURE
STREET^          

My Undesirable Friends:
Part 1


^It's a bit more 'local' - I think!
 
My source: Nicolas Rapold, Raising the alarm on authoritarian rule. Life&Arts, FTWeekend, 28-29 March 2026, p.12.

Previously: 'power' : 'politics' : 'authoritarian'

Sunday, March 01, 2026

Definition: Individual and Group Counselling

INDIVIDUAL
|
    INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 
|
GROUP
"Counsellor"

 





"Counsellor of state"


My source: Robert Wright, Starmer eyes succession law change for Andrew, FTWeekend, 21-22 February, 2026, p.2.

Previously: 'counselling' : 'therapy'

Tuesday, December 30, 2025

Beyond Empathy to System Change: Four Poems on Health by Bertolt Brecht

The canalization of a river 
The grafting of a fruit tree 
The education of a person 
The reconstruction of a state. 
These are all instances of a fruitful critique 
And they are also
 Instances of art. 
—Bertolt Brecht, “On the Critical Attitude”


Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC  --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group
'The education of a person'


'The canalization of a river
The grafting of a fruit tree'
 

'These are all instances of a fruitful critique
And they are also
Instances of art.'
—Bertolt Brecht,
“On the Critical Attitude”

 


'The reconstruction of a state.'




MacGregor, W., Horn, M. & Raphael, D. Beyond Empathy to System Change: Four Poems on Health by Bertolt Brecht. J Med Humanit 45, 53–77 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-023-09801-5

My source: 

Politics of Health Group Mail List Messages
Visit PoHG on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/282761111845400
Follow us on Twitter: @pohguk
You can subscribe to / unsubscribe from the PoHG mail list here: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/POHG
And SDOH list - https://listserv.yorku.ca/cgi-bin/wa?SUBED1=sdoh&A=1

See also: 'drama' : 'empathy' : 'poetry' : 'change' : 'art'

Thursday, March 27, 2025

Vectors of the Biopolitical - (Chap. 2) c/o Bull

The Concept of the Social
'From one sentence in Aristotle derive two arresting theoret- ical discourses of the twenty-first century: Michel Foucault's biopolitics, provocatively reformulated by Giorgio Agamben in terms of the relationship between sovereignty and the body, and the capabilities approach developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum as a means of evaluating and promoting development, justice and freedom. Both are characterized by deep reflection on the sources of Western political thought, and by urgent engagement with contemporary social and legal problems. Both are in some sense biopolitical in that they are shaped by the interplay of the same Aristotelian categories the human and the animal, politics and nature. But they are on opposite sides of the divide that has opened up in the human sciences since the 1960s, and there currently seems no optic through which they might simultaneously be viewed, no way of integrating or comparing their insights.
 
In part, this reflects a situation in which political debate appears to have fragmented into a multiplicity of single issues. The ancient 'Who will rule?' and the modern 'Who shall have what?' have been supplemented by an array of questions that deal with matters once exclusively cultural, personal or natural. For previous eras, the relative integrity and unmalleability of cultures, bodies and environments rendered such questions redundant. Now they frequently appear unanswerable from within established political traditions, and incommensurable in relation to each other. Within this expanded field, biopolitics and the capabilities approach have unusual salience and potential, for both bundle together issues otherwise assumed to be distinct. If they, in turn, could be coordinated, perhaps we could begin to map the new territory.' p.68.

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group
'Who shall have what?'

nature

human - animal

bio-
culturepolitical

'Who will rule?'



Bull, M. (2021) The Concept of the Social, London: Verso.

Sunday, March 02, 2025

Alliance for Responsible Citizenship

Last month on two occasions, I came across the Alliance for Responsible Citizenship (which is a registered company)


In the Sunday Times, "Philippa Stroud: ‘Everyone’s moaning — I think humanity can sort things out’":

https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/philippa-stroud-alliance-responsible-citizenship-km8z26b8b

and Financial Times "'Part megachurch, part political rally: inside London’s ‘rightwing Davos’".

https://www.ft.com/content/7ff1614c-38a2-4b5c-81d3-80cea1196dad 

Apparently, a right wing, conservative movement with a three-day conference, one commentary suggested it has struggled to define itself, which is understandable given the ongoing (increasing?) prompts for its creation.

You recognise early on in your nursing career and not just as a student (pre-Project 2000 UK), but as a Nursing Assistant that character is a key element in your professional development. By the time you qualify, you more accurately see that without a doubt it is your formative education that is a critical factor. That and your 'home' circumstances - and not necessarily the two-parents good, one bad formulation. This is why with students excluded from school, society is taking a wrong turn. There is obviously a problem but what is the 'correct' approach?

An 'alliance' already suggests a given level of organisation. By definition 'grassroots movements' must struggle to establish and retain their identity.

This is a project Hodges' model can help address - with a balanced but not necessarily a neutral output.


Individual
|
      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC  --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 
|
Group

identity
personality
attitude aptitude
character
faith
individual beliefs
religious engagement
courage
hope
threshold concepts
my destiny
well-being
trust


future
physical thresholds 
waste
climate change
circular economy
AI
truth - information disorder
science
technology
PAST - work - FUTURE
our future destiny -
(what does the clock say?)
future generations?

grassroots social movement
arts
family
community
culture - diversity
social - cultural identity
society - support
social change
social capital
social contract
social values
our shared destiny
our children's children
welfare - living wage
employment - leisure
quality of life

power
political systems
past policy UK: 'Troubled Families'
economics
organisations, institutions
corporations
political (manifest!
colonialism ) destiny
policy
systems
political engagement
health of leaders
trust
international law - justice
control of fraud, corruption, crime
human rights
political thresholds


Friday, September 06, 2024

Gold gold gold gold ...

Gold: Alchemist-hp (talk) www.pse-mendelejew.de, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE
<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en>
via Wikimedia Commons

Element Properties

melting point 1,063 °C (1,945 °F)
boiling point 2,966 °C (5,371 °F)
specific gravity 19.3 at 20 °C (68 °F)
oxidation states +1, +3
[ Text & image: https://www.britannica.com/science/gold-chemical-element ]
 
individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group

. . . gold! gold!!


'There is already plenty of gold: the vaults of the New York Federal Reserve contain 507,000 bars, worth about $510bn at this week's prices (the weight is borne by the bedrock of Manhattan  island, 15 metres beneath sea level). London's vaults, including those of the Bank of England, hold another 8,650 tonnes, worth $690bn.

A lot of gold is mined ...

... and then buried again.'


Gapper, J. A new gold rush reflects the world's deep worries. FTWeekend, 24/25 August 2024. p.11.

Thursday, December 21, 2023

'Freedom of belief' - really?

"We have seen that our beliefs are tightly coupled to the structure of language and to the apparent structure of the world. Our "freedom of belief," if it exists at all, is minimal. Is a person really to free to believe a proposition for which he has no evidence? No. Evidence (whether sensory or logical) is the only thing that suggests that a given belief is really about the world in the first place. We have names for people who have many beliefs for which there is no rational justification. When their beliefs are extremely common we call them "religious"; otherwise, they are likely to be called "mad," "psychotic," or "delusional." pp.71-72.

INDIVIDUAL
  |
     INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               
HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      
SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 
|
GROUP

my freedom of belief
senses - logic
my belief - beliefs
belief hygiene
my mental health state
continuum model -
 of mental health-illness

freedom of movement
senses logic
physical reality
personal hygiene

culture
organised religions
our beliefs


theocracy
secular states
Mental health law

Monday, April 11, 2022

Into the looking glass: A collective self-assessment of health literacy

Dear friend ....

I am hoping to take a quick snapshot of health literacy around the world - and I need your help to accomplish this task.

Below is a link to 10 short and easy-to-answer questions - a very short survey - on SurveyMonkey. Responding shouldn't take more than a few minutes of your time but in the aggregate I believe will produce an actionable and meaningful understanding.

These questions are intended for people/organizations actively working on health literacy issues in communities or clinics or hospitals or states and nations and/or actively conducting health literacy research with people in any context.

I will be in your debt if you could help me by doing just two things that should not take up your time.
1. Respond to the questions - anonymously - yourself.
2. Share this email and the link with your entire network of health literacy professionals.

Here is the link:
https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/VXPZJPL

If you have any questions or concerns about this effort, please contact me directly.

Best wishes as always,
Andrew Pleasant, Ph.D.

HIFA profile: Andrew Pleasant is Director of Health Literacy and Research at Canyon Ranch Institute, United States. Professional interests: Health literacy, Prevention of disease, Integrative medicine, Health system reform. andrew AT canyonranchinstitute.org

My source: HIFA.

[ Completed. PJ ]

Monday, June 28, 2021

A State of Fear - Dangerous Minds

Books ...

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|

My source:

Ditum, S. (2021) An eye-opening journey into dangerous minds, Saturday Review, The Times, June 12, p.14.

Aaronovitch, DF. (2021) A covidiot's guide to paranoia, Saturday Review, The Times, June 12, p.15.

Images:

https://www.waterstones.com/book/dangerous-minds/dr-taj-nathan//9781529392913

https://blackwells.co.uk/bookshop/product/A-State-of-Fear-by-Laura-Dodsworth-author/9781780667201


Friday, June 25, 2021

Book: Mind, State and Society

Social History of Psychiatry and Mental Health in Britain 1960–2010

open access
 
individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group
MIND

SOCIETY



STATE


Thanks to George Ikkos:

https://twitter.com/gikkos1/status/1406329440540499972?s=20

Friday, May 14, 2021

Book: iv "Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights"

When I (really) was a student nurse, advocacy was an important facet of patient care. Not surprising in a Victorian asylum (Winwick Hospital). Institutional care was literally, the order of the day and night. New initiatives (individualised care) included personal clothing, not what could be found on the shelves of the linen room (and watch for the cockroaches too); but knowing the patients to the extent of exercising  the tailor's eye of knowing what would fit.

This was twenty years before the UK Human Rights Act 1998, and the focus too upon consent and mental capacity. In the 1990s - 2000s nurses  as advocates was questioned. Now while clearly not a return, there is a need for mental health nurses and future practitioners in particular to reassess this role, in partnership with patients and team members with lived experience. 

What about the book? Yes! Well, a reason for nurses to advocate, is to ensure patients and communities are aware of  their rights. So accustomed to the demand - supply equation and the politics of the healthcare market, we miss the deeper historical development of the 'rights holder' and 'duty bearer' (Figure 2.1, p.49).

individual
|

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group

Rights holder
(Awareness, Access to Information, Literacies)

Demand of Rights
(Data)

Actions to Realize Rights
(Social Justice?)

Duty bearer
(Policy, Reporting, Accountability)

 
 
One more to follow... I think ...

Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights. (2020) Lawrence O. Gostin and Benjamin Mason Meier (Eds.), Oxford: OUP. ISBN: 9780197528303.
 

Monday, May 10, 2021

Book: iii "Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights"

When you've several books to get to, a steady stream of figures and tables can help give the illusion of a speed-read. There could be many such breaks in this book, but what there are are focused, informative and fit the COVID situation in being prime for take-away purposes. It is here that the educational, learning and teaching utility of the book is found, and in the references.

Reading this book I thought about the way healthcare is situated and how care-of global politics health is local, national, international and glocal. The global health workforce are joined in the books they read. Then they apply their learning in their respective corners of the world, seeking to put the patient, the person, the public at the center. As such Section 1 is essential reading for all health and social care professionals:

Introduction: Global Health & Human Rights

Lawrence O. Gostin & Benjamin Mason Meier
I. The Human Rights Movement: International Norms and Principles 

Chapter 1. The Birth and Development of Human Rights for Health
Benjamin Mason Meier, Thérèse Murphy & Lawrence O. Gostin

Chapter 2. Global Health Law: Legal Foundations for Social Justice in Public Health
Lawrence O. Gostin, Matiangai V. S. Sirleaf & Eric A. Friedman

Chapter 3. The Right to Health and Health-Related Human Rights
John Tobin & Damon Barrett

Chapter 4. The Rights-Based Approach to Health
Flavia Bustreo & Curtis F.J. Doebbler

individual
|

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group



"Given the integral link between global health and human rights, global health law necessarily works in synergy with human rights. Accordingly, global health law includes not only the scope of law for global health, but also a normative perspective, with global health law seeking to enable all people to realize the right to health (Magnusson, et al. 2017). This normative perspective is not uncommon in law: environmental law is concerned with protecting the environment, trade law is concerned with a free and fair system of trade, and human rights law is concerned with protecting and promoting rights. The particular force of global health law's normative perspective comes in how it is not confirmed to laws directly related to health, but rather has significant implications for a wide range of laws in other legal regimes, requiring a focus on health in all policies." p.59.

Chapter 3. The Right to Health and Health-Related Human Rights
John Tobin & Damon Barrett

 
More to follow...

Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights. (2020) Lawrence O. Gostin and Benjamin Mason Meier (Eds.), Oxford: OUP. ISBN: 9780197528303.
 

Thursday, April 29, 2021

Book: ii "Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights"

Well I've finished it! Yes it is an empowering read. Even though still 'fresh' published in 2020 clearly events race ahead:

  • COVID-19 continued to assert its life-suspending and life-ending presence, which even now is ongoing;
  • Global (geo-)politics continues its unpredictable dynamic across all continents;
  • The oceans, atmosphere - biosphere no less, also await the outcomes of COP26 this year.

As the book closes with a critique of populism I think the volume is deserving of a revised edition - when the time comes. Until then, there is a great deal here. I looked back on the chapter on Global Health Law: Legal Foundations for Social Justice in Public Health. The UK news today made me wonder for everyone: what is social justice? From the BBC: [ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-56924131 ]

"New laws that could leave flat owners facing bills for fire safety measures are "indefensible," say Grenfell Tower survivors and bereaved relatives.

The Fire Safety Bill is aimed at making homes safer following the 2017 blaze, in which 72 people died."

 Far from the global context I know, but the last chapter prompted the connection:

"The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights have sought to incorporate state protections against abuse by business, establish a "Protect, Respect and Remedy" framework for corporate obligations, and facilitate accountability through greater access to effective remedies for those who are harmed." p.452.
I am guilty, as surely the vast majority of us are, of referring to 'human rights' without having much depth of knowledge. One book a legal professional and crusader does not make. But this text helps. There is an irony in the passage of time since publication, as you the reader have some extra pieces of the jig-saw to fit in. There really is hope!

The Afterword resonates loudly as if written yesterday. Calling for those involved in the struggle to self-care and tend to their resilience and the welfare of their fellow practitioners. The first lesson of first aid remains salutary and critical.
More to follow...

Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights. (2020) Lawrence O. Gostin and Benjamin Mason Meier (Eds.), Oxford: OUP. ISBN: 9780197528303.

Tuesday, April 13, 2021

Book: "Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights" i

Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights

This book would have been a timely and great read back in 1998 when my online career began. Of course, back then the global health and human rights environment we know today was incomplete; even as core challenges and barriers were a known and frustrating presence. In nursing theory, practice and management there was much policy and politics to also run its course. As policy and law continue to play out over the past two decades, the relevance of Hodges' model is also continually affirmed.

"Foundations .." is a dense read, but it is meant to be. There are two clues, one is on the cover especially if your work is in health, in a developed nation, but you have no experience of working in humanitarian crisis situations. Thankfully, or not, that is the case for the vast majority of us, but this text could persuade many to get involved. Many who might think of nursing, medicine, public health and other more obvious clinical pathways may realise there is another way

The other clue is how each chapter has a series of questions to check your reading and attention. I could not answer them all but I will hide behind the excuse that in providing the foundations I am busy laying bricks, timber, whatever materials are to hand. The book was published last year and COVID-19 is ongoing and recognised as a global event, but its full impact is not yet apparent. Whether this could justify a revised edition I'm not sure. There is much to add, but the same can be said of so many books now.

Nonetheless the book delivers, organised in four sections:

I. The Human Rights Movement: International Norms and Principles
II. Bringing Rights Home: Tools for Human Rights Implementation and Accountability
III. Contemporary Applications: Healthy People, Healthy Populations
IV. New Challenges: Human Rights to Advance Public Health in a Globalizing Era

From OUP, the quality [pb] is high as expected, with clear type and an appealing, if conventional layout. The book is pretty heavy, 254x178mm and over more than 467 pages. In the car the steering wheel is a welcome support (wanting the book placed higher).

A foreword by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus [@DrTedros] Director-General of the World Health Organization acknowledges the arrival of COVID and WHO's role as a catalyst in the global response. Dr Tedros concludes:

"'Health is a human right' must be more than just a slogan - it must be embedded in international law, national legislation, and health policies, a commitment to protecting and promoting the right to health for all people, in all countries, through global solidarity." p.xiv
individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group
QUALITY, SUBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE, QUANTITY
 "Health is a human right" "Health is a human right"

From the introduction and throughout the explanation of history is very welcome. The book readily qualifies as a foundational teaching text. The preface's intent to provide a holistic perspective on the field, is well achieved. There is a developmental pathway in the sections and chapters with references back to what was covered previously. This is helpful and in my reading drew attention to what still must be resolved.

More to follow ...

Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights. (2020) Lawrence O. Gostin and Benjamin Mason Meier (Eds.), Oxford: OUP. ISBN: 9780197528303.

 

Tuesday, November 03, 2020

Migrants, Picnic across the border c/o JR

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population





Migrants, Picnic across the border

 

My source:

Harvey, C. 'At first, they used to arrest me...'. The Daily Telegraph, Review, 31 October, 2020, pp.4-5.

See also:

JR: Chronicles

https://www.saatchigallery.com/art/jr_chronicles.php


Thursday, September 24, 2020

Book: "The Care Manifesto"

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population


 

 

In these uncertain times, let's try to ensure that this particular Manifesto has the conceptual, salient and values-laden reach to make a real difference ...


My source: Tate Liverpool shop

(more to follow)

Sunday, August 02, 2020

Please read this post anti-political-wise ...

... but do read and reflect ...

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population
Do I leave to alert the World
to what is happening, including
crimes against humanity? Or ...


My location

The location of my family


... Do I stay to protect my family?

Race, Minorities, Ethnicity

Cultural background / heritage

Human rights

UN - Crimes against humanity

Prosecution


Yes, the State sees me,
only too well ...
you see, my people and I -
our culture are in its sights.

Do you see me?


My source:
The News ...

Saturday, August 01, 2020

Cate Blanchett: What is statelessness? | #iBelong UNHCR

individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population
My mental health






I
Geography

Maps of Identity - Maps of States
Borders


Location of parent's birth; my birth


My physical health
Belong

families

social inclusion / exclusion

relationships

SOCIO-economics

SOCIAL capital

Quality of Lfe

Cultural background / heritage


My source:
https://twitter.com/Refugees/status/1289470924865933313?s=20

Friday, April 17, 2020

Book: "The Third Pillar"

The Third Pillar


individual
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group - population











COMMUNITY






MARKETS

STATE


My source (including):
Crabtree, J. (2019) Dangerous days for capitalism, Life&Arts, FT Weekend, 9-10 March, p.9.