Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...
To mark its 10-year anniversary, arts and mental health charity Hospital Rooms presents a major exhibition at Victoria Miro this September.
Bringing together leading contemporary artists from across the Hospital Rooms programme, the exhibition features re-creations of monumental new artworks created for hospitals this year, alongside artists the organisation has collaborated with over the past decade. It reflects on the impact of transforming NHS mental health environments through art, while looking ahead to expanding access to creative programmes nationwide.
In London currently, 20th - 23rd I was on my way to Bankside Gallery and walking by Temple Place, #2 to be precise, on a board outside I read:
'The Weight of Being: Vulnerability, Resilience and Mental Health in Art'
Taking in the mental health and illness of artists, gender, domesticity, industrial and political struggle, COVID, and Gaza I spent and enjoyed a two hour detour. The building is also amazing. The exhibition is on until 19 April 2026, closed on Monday's and today 21st February. Before I share some text from their website, the interior of the building was a 'virtual' experience, but without the technology. Helpfully, the exhibition is spread across several rooms.
'Curated by Angela Thomas, this new exhibition explores artistic expression and mental health. Through depictions of deeply personal and collective experiences, it examines the powerful ways in which artists capture vulnerability, resilience, and their search for solace.
Including the work of a diverse range of twentieth century and contemporary artists and their varying perspectives, The Weight of Being showcases how artists have captured the psychological and emotional impact of societal pressures, resilience in the face of adversity, and existential uncertainty.
Alongside dozens of artworks drawn from galleries and collections across the UK, the portraits, landscapes, and figurative studies of the lesser-known artist John Wilson McCracken (1936–1982) are woven throughout. Denied the opportunity to return to the Slade School of Art following a period of hospitalisation for mental health reasons, McCracken spent much of his career in Hartlepool, producing work that reflects a profound sensitivity to the emotional and social pressures of his time. Shaped by personal and collective struggles, his art offers a deeply human perspective on the exhibition’s themes, revealing how external forces imprint themselves on the mind, body, and creative spirit.' Continued . . .
The building as a whole - Two Temple Place is owned and run by a registered charity, the Bulldog Trust.
I will definitely (hopefully!) visit again, on the way or returning from the South Bank of the Thames. The video below presents key aspects of the building's amazing interior and history:
London Arts and Health and The Culture Health and Wellbeing Alliance
To celebrate Black History Month this year, London Arts and Health and The Culture Health and Wellbeing Alliance will commission six artists to explore and showcase their creative practices. This initiative is rooted in the belief that the arts can be a powerful force for health, climate justice, and cultural empowerment.
A Practical Guide to Communication and Interaction Training (CAIT)
- this is for a journal so it will be a 'review'.
800 words, or thereabouts are needed on Hodges' model and its utility in reflecting, deliberating and comprehending the environment and climate change. I have some notes already.
Yesterday I had to visit a neighbour. A card for an undelivered item: a parcel.
What could this be?
It was quite a big box. 576 pages worth to be exact and a larger format book 9.5 x 12 in that instantly shouted 'quality'.
The book is not new, but is lovely to discover ...
In my message to the publisher I highlighted my non-mathematical status, but great interest in topics within mathematics and the disciplinary bridges from maths - physics; sciences and humanities and of course mathematics and art.
I'm really grateful (especially to Princeton UniversityPress) to receive both these books.
The dementia care title will also help me complete the two-part paper on Hodges' model, deprivation of liberty and threshold concepts. There are so many strategies and techniques outlined for carers both formal and informal. In July reading this book will also assist with a presentation at the Threshold Concepts conference.
Now well into the new year - the revisions to the paper on the SDGs and Hodges' model is also a priority.
To manage time I've put twitter down, but clearly with the above some tweets will follow in due course.
Then finally it will also be time to leave this blog alone for a time - well fewer posts at least ...
Francis Bacon’s Distorted Representation of Faces Presumably Reflects Occipital Dysfunction
Francis-Bacon's three studies for a portrait of John Edwards
Avinoam B. Safran, Nicolae Sanda and José-Alain Sahel (2012) Francis Bacon’s Distorted Representation of Faces Presumably Reflects Occipital Dysfunction. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2012; 53: E-Abstract 4846.
Image source: Francis-Bacon's three studies for a portrait of John Edwards https://thedublinreader.wordpress.com/2013/11/13/francis-bacon-irelands-greatest-artist/ My source: A twist in the tale of Bacon's faces, News, The Sunday Times, 12 April 2015: p.6.
Image sources: Van Gogh's Palette: Van Gogh Museum http://www.zatista.com/blog/2013/04/discoveries-van-goghs-work/
Delacroix's palette and brushes: Musée National Eugène Delacroix https://theoddcollection.tumblr.com/post/105120440988/delacroixs-palette-and-brushes-source
At senior school I had the challenge and pleasure of appearing in Arthur Miller's The Crucible at the age of 15. My part was of course that of Francis Nurse. I can still remember most of my lines [as I didn't have many ;-)]. I have always been interested in drama, but even more so - dialogue, which helps as a member of this family and a mental health care professional.
Over several years, the above plus studies in literature and philosophy prompted me to dabble with dialogues of my own. One from way back when concerned nurse training and virtual environments; while another was set in Athens addressing the impact of informatics upon nursing.
The professionals of dialogue - playwrights - feature on BBC R4 Start The Week and this made me think of another dialogue as I recognised that my colleagues and I are in fact carewrights.
Now though with long term medical conditions, self-care, recovery, personalised care, individualised budgets and other policy permutations we are not just concerned with the words we say. With patients and carers seen and heard as experts no longer are we just putting words into their mouths - they are putting words in ours.
So together -
lets literally go taste the health and social care culture and break a leg!
Yes. Accessibility is critical, but given its age, and presentation of Hodges' model as a 2x2 table, this blog is best viewed on a tablet, laptop, or PC.
If I can help you apply Hodges' model please contact me: h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk. Assistance in further study of the model, would also be welcome. Thank you.
Hodges' model also known as 'Hodges' Health Career Model' H2CM
A person's health career is impacted by their life chances.
Total Pageviews
Hodges' Health Career - Care Domains - Model
'Care Domains' was added to the model's title as some people thought the model only applied to employment, work, and jobs.
Brian E. Hodges (1942-2022) RIP
Brian E. Hodges - c/o Brian's family.
Peter Jones: Blog author & editor - 2006 ...
Researcher - Practitioner on Hodges' model since 1987
Born in Liverpool, NW England, UK. Community Mental Health Nurse NHS, Part-time Lecturer, Researcher Nursing & Technology Enhanced Learning
Registered Nurse - Mental Health & General Community Psychiatric Nursing (Cert.) MMU PG Cert. Ed. BA(Joint Hons.) Computing and Philosophy - BIHE - Bolton PG(Dip.) Collaboration on Psychosocial Education [COPE] Univ. Man. MRES. e-Research and Technology Enhanced Learning, Lancaster Univ.
Live and work in NW England - seeking a global perspective.
The views expressed on W2tQ are entirely my own, unless stated otherwise. Comments are disabled. If you would like to get in touch please e-mail me at h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk
* IO Magazine
Source:
Reveal Digital , 01-01-1988
Contributed by: Charles Stein; Don Byrd; A.S. Yessenin-Volpin; Christer Hennix; Henry
Flynt; Henry Flynt; George Quasha; Charles Stein; Christer Hennix; Luitzen Egbertus Jan
Brouwer; L.E.J. Brouwer; L.E.J. Brouwer; Charles Stein
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28038534
Hodges' model was created by Brian E. Hodges [Senior Lecturer, Retired] in the mid-1980s at what is now Manchester Metropolitan University.
Peter Jones, author / editor of this blog has championed Hodges' model as a personal initiative online since 1998, but discovered the model on the CPN(Cert.) course 1988. The driver is recognition of the increasing relevance - decade-by-decade - of Hodges' model as a primary resource for local, national, global and glocal (virtual) health and education.
Visitors to this blog, individuals and organisations, are invited to consider use of Hodges' model.
Hodges' model is provided as an open educational resource (OER).
"Open Educational Resources are teaching and learning materials that you may freely use and reuse, without charge. OER often have a Creative Commons or GNU license that state specifically how the material may be used, reused, adapted, and shared." [Google, 8 Feb 2016]
CC CREATIVE COMMONS:
Hodges' model is assigned Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0):
OER is important for teaching, learning, and collaboration generally. Hodges' model is an ideal tool to span individual and global health care. Peter Jones encourages and will try to respond to support users interested in exploring how Hodges' model can support their work.
Post-publication I have learnt of new papers that have cited, or even used Hodges' model. This is very welcome news. If you are contemplating using h2cm, I'd be pleased to help. The aim is to see h2cm applied, especially in the real world, across disciplines and to help squeeze all the conceptual juice out of the model as per your context.
Nodes & Edges: Structure Content distinct
BIBLIOGRAPHY & Citations for Hodges' model
Please note the website - p-jones.demon.co.uk listed in many papers below is no longer active and maintained. 'Demon' ceased operating as an internet provider in 2015.
April 23 2025: There is a link to the archived POLITICAL links page, listed under 'External links': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_political_science Which is itself a useful page.
A new site for introductory materials and Brian Hodges' original notes will follow (one day!?) ...
Hodges, B.E. (1989) The Health Career Model, IN, Hinchcliffe, S.M. (et al.) 1989 Nursing Practice and Health Care, 1st Edition only, London, Edward Arnold.
Adams, T. (1987) Dementia is a family affair. Community Outlook, Feb, 7-8.
Jones, P. (1999) It's time to master the latest tools and Hodges' Health Career Model, IT in Nursing, 11.2.
Jones, P. (2004) Viewpoint: Can informatics and holistic multidisciplinary care be harmonised? British Journal of Healthcare Computing & Information Management, 21, 6, 17-18.
Jones, P. (2004) The Four Care Domains: Situations Worthy of Research. Conference: Building & Bridging Community Networks: Knowledge, Innovation & Diversity through Communication, Brighton, UK.
Jones, P. (2009) Socio-Technical Structures, the Scope of Informatics and Hodges’ model, IN, Staudinger, R., Ostermann, H., Bettina Staudinger, B. (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Nursing Informatics and Socio-Technical Structures, Idea Group Publishing, Inc. Chap. 11, pp. 160-174.
Kernohan, G. (2010) Theoretical review of public engagement in Nursing. Proc 1st Public Engagement Colloquium, Kells, Co Antrim, 22 April.
Merritt MK, Procter N. Conceptualising the functional role of mental health consultation-liaison nurse in multi-morbidity, using Peplau's nursing theory. Contemp Nurse. 2010 Feb-Mar;34(2):158-66. doi: 10.5172/conu.2010.34.2.158. PMID: 20509800.
Murphy, K., Welford C. (2012) Agenda for the future: enhancing autonomy for older people in residential care.International Journal of Older People Nursing. 7, 75–80.
Jones P. (2014) Using a conceptual framework to explore the dimensions of recovery and their relationship to service user choice and self-determination. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. Vol 3, No 4, (2013) pp.305-311.
Bom, J. (2015) Geboeid signaleren. De Verpleegkundig Specialist. 10. 14-15. 10.1007/s40884-015-0051-z.
Jones P. Exploring the relationship of threshold concepts and Hodges’ model of care from the individual to populations and global health. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(3): 1697-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i3.464
Maffissoni, André & Vendruscolo, Carine & De Lima Trindade, Letícia & Zocche, Denise. (2018). Redes de atenção à saúde na formação em enfermagem: interpretações a partir da atenção primária à saúde. Revista Cuidarte. 9. 1-13.
Holmes, D. Perron, A. Jacob, J.D. Paradis-Gagné, É. & Gratton, S (2018). Pratique en milieu de psychiatrie légale: proposition d’un modèle interdisciplinaire, (Practice in forensic psychiatry: A proposed interdisciplinary model). Recherche en soins infirmiers, 134, 33-43. DOI: 10.3917/rsi.134.0033
Ashiquer Rahman, S.K. (2019) Mobilizing ePLANETe.Blue knowledge mediation portal to deal with new challenges of sustainable development in Higher Education and Research Etablishments (HERE) from a perspective of Knowledge Economy.
Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay
préparée à l’Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. École doctorale n°578 Sciences de l’homme et de la societé Spécialité de doctorat : Sciences Économiques.
Kennedy, Harry G. (2019). National Forensic Mental Health Service (NFMHS) Model of Care. 10.13140/RG.2.2.30103.59041.
Hayward, B.A. (2020), Mental health nursing in bushfire‐affected communities: An autoethnographic insight. Int J Mental Health Nurs. doi:10.1111/inm.12765
Iris Lohja, Yves Demazeau, Christine Verdier. A multi-agent system approach to dynamic ridesharing for older people: State-of-the-art work and preliminary design. 18èmes Rencontres des Jeunes Chercheurs en Intelligence Artificielle, RJCIA’20, Jun 2020, Angers, France. pp.52-59. ⟨hal-02897446⟩
Byrt R. Forensic Mental Health Nursing in Secure Hospitals and the Criminal Justice System. Nurs Health Care Int J. 2019, 3(2): 000176.
Hamilton EAA, Dornan L, Sinclair M, McCoy J, Hanna-Trainor L, Kernohan WG. A scoping review protocol: Mapping the range of policy-related evidence influencing maternal health outcomes in a fragile, low-income country. J Adv Nurs. 2021 Jul 20. doi: 10.1111/jan.14956. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34288043.
Elien G Neimeijer (2021) "CLOSE(D) CARE: Group climate in a secure forensic setting for individuals with mild intellectual disability." Radboud University, ISBN: 978-94-6416-713-9
https://www.trajectum.nl/sites/default/files/proefschrift_e._neimeijer_pdf.pdf
Fryer, Jon. “Information Literacies – Learning, to Thrive in a Digital Age” IRMS Bulletin 230 (2022): 16-21.
Kistler KB, Tyndall DE. Application of the Threshold Concept Framework in Nursing: An Integrative Review. Nurse Educ. 2022 Mar-Apr 01;47(2):91-95. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000001041. PMID: 34033613.
Jones P, Wirnitzer K. Hodges’ model: the Sustainable Development Goals and public health – universal health coverage demands a universal framework. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2022;5:doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000254
Kernohan, W. G., & Jones, P. (2023). Hodges’ Health Care Model as a Framework for Quality. Paper presented
at Interprofessional work: developing oral care and the health workforce for the future, Brescia, Italy. https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/hodges-health-care-model-as-a-framework-for-quality
Above paper cited by:
Leung, T.C.H., You, C.SX. (2023). Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Promotion to Different Stakeholder Groups. In: Environmental, Social and Governance and Sustainable Development in Healthcare. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1564-4_6
Yadav, V. S., & Singh, B. (2023). Evaluating the Human Rights Perspective on Sustainable Development Goals Accessible Health Coverage. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(6), e1254. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i6.1254
Kernohan, WG, Dornan, L & Jones, P 2023, 'A reflection on Hodges' Health Career Model for integration of health innovation', Trinity Health and Education International Research Conference 2023, Dublin, Ireland, 7/03/23 - 9/03/23.
McLaughlin, P., Brady, P., Carabellese, F., Carabellese, F., Parente, L., Uhrskov Sorensen, L., . . . Kennedy, H. (2023). Excellence in forensic psychiatry services: International survey of qualities and correlates. BJPsych Open, 9(6), E193. doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.578
Kainat Asmat (2024). Practice Without Theory: A Philosophical Inquiry into Contemporary Nursing in South Asia: Nursing Practice without Theory. International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care. 12. 125-131. 10.18552/ijpblhsc.v12i2.1068.
Güner, Y., Delibalta, B., Üçüncüoğlu, M., Paslı, S. (2025). Challenges encountered by emergency nurses in forensic case management: A qualitative study, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Volume 109, 102807, ISSN 1752-928X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102807.
Jones, P. (2025). A Conceptual Mapping Exercise of Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards in Residential & Community Care Using Hodges' Model and Threshold Concepts. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 31: e70085. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.70085
Ardenny Ardenny, Le Hoang Nam, Pham Anh Tu (2025). Sustainable Health Model: Increasing Universal Access to Health Services in Remote Areas. Journal of World Future Medicine, Health and Nursing. 3. DOI: 10.70177/health.v3i1.1907
Jones, P. (2025), A Generic Model and Conceptual Framework to Prime Curiosity Across Health and Social Care Disciplines to Facilitate Lifelong Learning. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 31: e70252. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.70252
Wirnitzer KC, Motevalli M, Tanous DR, Drenowatz C, Moser M, Cramer H, Rosemann T, Wagner K-H, Michalsen A, Knechtle B, Fras Z, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Marques A, Mis NF, Stanford FC, Schubert C, Goswami N, Leitzmann C, Fredriksen PM, Ruedl G, Wilflingseder D, Lima RA, Kessler C, Jeitler M, Khan NA, Joulaei H, Fatemi M, Knight A, Kratky KW, Palmer KK, Haditsch B, Jakse B, Kofler W, Pfeiffer T, Cordova-Pozo K, Tortella P, Straub S, Lynch H, Schätzer M, Krishnan A, Fathima A. S, Gatterer L, Kriwan F, Abhishek M, Nandgaonkar H, Nandgaonkar S, Adedara AO, Haro JM, Gericke C, Neumann G, Akhtar A, Rashidlamir A, Thangavelu M, Ngoumou GB, Perpék É, Klaper M, Bhattacharya B, Kirschner W, Bessems KMHH, Jones P, Peoples G, Bescos R, Duftner C, Seifert G (2025). Toward a roadmap for addressing today's health dilemma–The 101-statement consensus report., Volume 12:1676080. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1676080. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1676080.
Short form: Wirnitzer, KC. et al. (2025) Toward a roadmap for addressing today's health dilemma – The 101-statement consensus report. Frontiers in Nutrition. Volume 12.
https://frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1676080 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1676080
[ For Dr Wirnitzer's work please see:
The NURMI-Study (NURMI – Nutrition and Running high Mileage) https://www.facebook.com/nurmistudy
S. Bettiol, P. Jones, H. A. Onyedikachi, and W. G. Kernohan, (2026) Bridging Gaps in Oral Health Frameworks: Mapping With Hodges' Health Career - Care Domains - Model, Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.70034.
Simms, V., Jacobs, N., Magee, J., De Ornellas, K., Mollik, E., Kernohan, W. G., Leacock, J., Akter, J., Sempey, C., Beech, S. E., Naz Asif, R., Yap, L. K., & Miller, K. (2026, Jan 16). Ulster University Open Research Conference 2026: Conference Speaker Abstracts. Ulster University. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.21251/0d7780ce-ce97-468f-b5d5-69201ca90b20
-=<>=-
As a source Hughes (1958) below, is clearly dated. Brian Hodges referenced Hughes to define ‘health career’, fundamentally linked to the idea of life chances.
Hughes, E. (1958) Men and their work. New York: Free Press.
A paper in 1977 refers to "Health career model", this is not Hodges' model, but we can match the paper's econometric context as follows: 'health career' equates with 'life chances' and so draws upon the model's INDIVIDUAL domains. While in the paper "Life-cycle and Quality of Life" can be matched with the COLLECTIVE domains of Hodges' model, namely, SOCIOLOGICAL and POLITICAL. Of course, Quality of Life is also an individual, subjective, phenomenological experience. The paper however preempts the ongoing focus upon SOCIAL DETERMINANTS, and more generally, the current state of our Social and Political contracts. Now the further differentiation of political, commercial, geopolitical determinants (where we are born, what 'papers' we possess, or not; are we State/Stateless) is an opportunity for Hodges' model. The ability of Hodges' model to encompass and switch contexts provides evidence of the model's potential and power, a result of its structure and situated content. In health and social care, Quality of Life (clearly) remains an individual AND collective matter, from individual assessment tools, to weighing the ethics, benefits and costs of interventions in collective - aggregated terms (QALY).
"900: Welfare Programs; Consumer Economics; Urban and Regional Economics." (1977). Journal of Economic Literature, 15(4), 1451–1457. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2723014
The two papers below pre-date the first website [1998-2015 webarchived], but show how I have subsequently stressed the role of information, informatics and the socio-technical within Hodges model as a unifying concept. I have copious notes to revisit this subject, on: post-COVID and dis- mis- malinformation; and nursing's legacy issues.
Jones, P. (1996) Humans, Information, and Science, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(3),591-598.
Finally some software publications from the microcomputer era.
Jones, P. (1986) Computing in Nursing NEWS. Computerised Patient Assessment. Nursing Times. 85: 5. Sep 3-9;82(36):63-5. PMID: 3532039 (Describes 'CAPA', a BBC microcomputer program for student nurses.)
Jones, P. (1989) Computers in Nursing NEWS. Creating a Program. Nursing Times. Feb 1-7;85(5):66-8. PMID: 2648342 (Describes 'HAEM', a BBC microcomputer program for student nurses on blood and blood groups.)
Please contact me if you have a paper referencing Hodges' model, or you have a project in mind, but need some advice, more information to help you use the model. Thank you.
21th Annual STS Conference Graz 2023:
online: "Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies" 8th - 10th May 2023
https://stsconf.tugraz.at/
Information & Records Management Society: IRMS22 - Resilience, Recovery, Renewal
Glasgow - DoubleTree by Hilton, May 15-17 2022
8th Biennial Threshold Concepts Conferences
Online, 7–9 July 2021
Global Remote and Rural Healthcare
(Virtual) 17-18th November 2020
ATTENDED:
Systems: Transition to a Sustainable World 15th September 2023, Richmond Building, University of Portsmouth
RCGP’s 7th Health and Justice Summit: Journeys Through Justice – Leadership and Transformation
Bristol, 25-26 November 2019
Participant: Re-envisaging
Infection Practice Ecologies in Nursing through Arts and Humanities Approaches
Spring 2018 - October 2019
Threshold Concepts in Action, University of Dundee: 27th-28th June 2019
Friday 28th June 2019: Threshold Concepts in Health Special Interest Group meeting. Morning: papers/discussion with virtual access for members at a distance; Afternoon: research/writing workshop; sharing advice and ideas
Presented at UKSS Conference 2018
UK Systems Society: Can systemic thinking reshape health services?
Presented at 4th Int. Nursing Conference Jordan The Tipping Point: Creative Solutions to Health and Nursing Challenges
"نقطة التحول: حلول خلاقة للتحديات الصحية والتمريضية"
Is there interest in an open, accessible conceptual framework not only for self-care and health care but for planetary health too? I believe there is ...
THE WORLD NEEDS 2020 VISION
June '26: The previous global counter stopped suddenly, hence reset. Thank you for your time and interest.
.png?itok=q7tSv5lW)
orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-8965
