Hodges' Model: Welcome to the QUAD: Search results for threshold

Hodges' model is a conceptual framework to support reflection and critical thinking. Situated, the model can help integrate all disciplines (academic and professional). Amid news items, are posts that illustrate the scope and application of the model. A bibliography and A4 template are provided in the sidebar. Welcome to the QUAD ...

Showing posts sorted by relevance for query threshold. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query threshold. Sort by date Show all posts

Thursday, September 12, 2019

8th Biennial Threshold Concepts Conference 2020

Threshold Concepts in the Moment

The 8th Biennial Threshold Concepts Conference, 2020 is taking place at University College London from July 8-10, 2020 and we are inviting submissions from across all academic disciplines. The closing deadline for submission of abstracts is Friday 6th December, 2019.
"After almost two decades of research on threshold concepts that stemmed from Myer and Land’s seminal publication in 2003 it is time to reflect and take stock. As an idea it has generated significant interest and has become a world-wide phenomenon that has captured the interest of researchers and practitioners across the globe. 
The promise it offers as a lens to consider curriculum design, approaches to pedagogy and a way of reimagining learners has already had significant impact as the Flanagan website attests… But its full potential remains as yet unrealised. Is it time for an honest appraisal of where we are and where we want to go? If we want to continue to develop the ideas then we need to ask ourselves some potentially troublesome questions:
  • Has threshold concepts become synonymous with learner difficulty?
  • Have we become entrenched in a slavish adoption of the framework? Or do we apply the framework too loosely?
  • How do we avoid thresholds becoming seen as a panacea that can explain all learner difficulty? 
In considering these and other questions the conference offers an opportunity to reflect on the achievements thus far and encourages us to consider where we think work in the area needs to go next. There will never be a single solution to support all learners master the same threshold but an awareness of threshold concepts and their associated complexities allows us to become more informed practitioners." ...
For more details please visit the conference website:

https://thresholdconcepts.home.blog/biennial-threshold-concepts-2020/biennial-conference-2020-threshold-concepts-in-the-moment/

... and see the discussion list:
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/TCS

Best wishes
Julie

Dr Julie Rattray SFHEA
Associate Professor of higher Education and Director of Education
School of Education
Durham University
Leazes Road
DURHAM
DH1 1TA

Email: julie.rattray AT durham.ac.uk
Twitter @joolsled
Web: https://www.dur.ac.uk/education/staff/profile/?id=1964

(The original message from Julie has been modified above with text from the conference site and mention of the discussion list.)

Tuesday, July 09, 2019

Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [iii]

Hodges' model is keyword or concept-based and so ideas, research with 'concept' in the title are a trigger for my attention, hence conceptual spaces, threshold concepts.

It sounds like the study and development of concept-based curricula would be a natural link, perhaps a question for a future conference?


The above comment was influenced by the title for next year's event:

Biennial Threshold Concepts 2020

"Threshold Concepts in the Moment"

University College London (UCL – London, UK). 8-10 July 2020


#UoDthresholdconcepts2019 prompted me to think about when a threshold is not a threshold but a liminal opportunity. Especially, when practitioners, learners and theoreticians look at concepts, new, or known in their own discipline but applied in other ways.

Perhaps, Hodges' model alludes to this with the distinct care (knowledge) domains. In each domain concepts are tainted in a certain way. Being sensitive to this and the effects of context is learning.


Brussow, J. A., Roberts, K., Scaruto, M., Sommer, S., & Mills, C. (2019). Concept-Based Curricula: A National Study of Critical Concepts. Nurse educator, 44(1), 15–19. doi:10.1097/NNE.0000000000000515

Sportsman, S., Pleasant, T. (2017) Concept-Based Curricula: State of the Innovation,
Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 12, 3, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2017.03.001.


See also:
Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [i]


Thursday, December 01, 2022

Threshold Concepts 2023: "Roads Less Travelled"

Call for Papers 2023

Date 4-6th July 2023

Location: Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie Campus, NSW, Australia (google map link)

Theme: Threshold Concepts: Roads Less Travelled

The 2023 Threshold Concepts Biannual International Conference is a special one. It marks twenty years since the original 2003 Threshold Concepts paper by Eric Meyer and Ray Land. In the intervening time, Threshold Concepts have become an accessible way of conceptualising learning, and the barriers to mastery that learners encounter. We are taking inspiration from Julie Timmerman’s (2023) provocative question, “Do thresholds always propel us outward, forward, and towards an identified threshold, or might they reveal alternative and unanticipated landscapes for transformation?” 

We propose an exploration of movement “outward, forward, and towards” threshold concepts, and the journeys we undertake as learners and researchers. These pathways may be known or unknown, familiar or alien, hidden or exposed. We have identified a number of subthemes, which you may interpret according to your context.

  • Inter(tidal)disciplinary Zones
  • Learning Spaces and Places 
  • Cultures of Engagement and Connectivity
  • UnOthering 
  • Liminality 

We invite you to submit proposals under one of the subthemes and we look forward to seeing you in Port Macquarie in July 2023 to celebrate twenty years of Threshold Concepts. #9BiTCC2023

.... https://thresholdconcepts.home.blog/

Monday, September 02, 2019

Threshold Concepts: TCS discussion list and CATCH

TCS discussion list JISC

This list is a forum for continuing discussion on threshold concepts and builds on the many fruitful and engaging conversations started by colleagues across the globe at the bi-annual threshold concepts conferences and other events.

CATCH

(Collaborating around Threshold Concepts in Health) Special Interest Group

- set up by Hilary Neve (Plymouth) and Linda Martindale (Dundee). CATCH have a website/e-mail list, blog, and focused meetings. https://healththresholds.wordpress.com/

Thanks to Julie Rattray & Sarah Meek.

See also:
Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [i]
Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [ii]
Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [iii]
Threshold Concepts: Reflection on chaos, complexity and AI


Monday, July 08, 2019

Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [ii]

After Prof. Land's keynote and the previous post on 'work-as-X' I can see the value of the academically agnostic - neutrality of Hodges' model in terms of the spaces it affords. It can be used to reflect as a safe space or problematic, troublesome or unsafe. As an example, consider the task of reflecting upon the current state of residential and nursing home care?

individual - self
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group- population











Next reflect upon residents and sexuality within these care environments. This could be from any perspective, or even work through several: resident, a new care worker, other team members, staff nurse, home manager, family member, GP, or inspector. ...













#UoDthresholdconcepts2019
Prof. Land raised the matter of extreme vulnerability and experience of Syrian refugees. Individual and Population are forced through a threshold that is catastrophic: that of identity. The scale of this event is being stressed as an urgent issue that must be accorded attention in parallel with physical relief

Perhaps, it is not just individuals who must encounter and pass through a threshold in their learning, their liminal journey. The problems we face demands that disciplines must find the disciplinary bridges that will enable them to solve the interdisciplinary and even transdisciplinary problems we face.

Geopsychiatry is a key bridge here. Research has determined that trauma can be intergenerationally transmitted. Governments, aid organisations and policy makers must take this into account and not just respond with physical relief. Unfortunately, the imbalance that is a lack of parity of esteem in general physical and mental health has its global-scale analogue in humanitarian crises and conflicts, especially those that displace populations.

Prof. Land referred to eduChaos and this is where 'lived experience' is found: not just in 'real time'.

#UoDthresholdconcepts2019

Uncertainty, kept repeating itself Prof. Land describing the work of Ilgen et al. (2018) and the need in (and through) education to find comfort with uncertainty. The challenge of this is acute in medicine and mental health care as Ilgen's work highlights. The previous post's nod to box-ticking and elsewhere the quest that is the 'comprehensive record' stresses at point of initial encounter - the initial assessment, perhaps to the detriment of an outcome oriented approach?

The question posed of "how professionals can manage the uncertainty arising from complex, ill-defined problems with conflicting assumptions, evidence and opinion" [another slide] is not just concept-bound as I tend propose. The terrain of Hodges' model can be used to map wells of uncertainty that help make the more certain, concrete data - information stand out. It helped me to see the situatedness of this discourse repeated. The definitions of 'uncertainty' and 'certainty' attributed to Ilgen et al. (2018) are a helpful adjunct to information science based sources.

In subsequent parallel sessions I switched rooms in  trying follow what was most relevant. First was,
'Where have all the empathetic professionals gone? An exploration of empathy as a threshold concept for the helping professions'. This provided a multidisciplinary insight into social work education, with overlaps that included safeguarding and child protection. Jayne Lewis's format had us engaged, well me clearly as I've no notes or photos. The talk of empathy made me recall twitter and student nurses remarks on their placements (accepting too that 'No news is good news') and student-mentor-placement relationships. If the practice/placement environment is stressed/contested for a variety of reasons, to what extent does this influence empathy role models, student experience and study of TCs? Do researchers need to record the emotional and political 'temperature' as a baseline measure?


#UoDthresholdconcepts2019


Next, on the programme; TCs, medical students and population health learning. From an acute angle (I was late arriving) Hothersall explained a study with a small sample, and yet findings that (as ever) call for more study, with implications for teaching in the lecture theatre, as a whole, in practice and relevance for me.

I'm sure there are many threshold concepts in public health and public mental health (to ensure inclusion). Even if specialty posts in public health are filled 2013-2016 (and amid recruitment pressures) I wonder if there is an issue for students (generally) in the perception of  'public health' and their respective discipline? Is there something in the old debate of pure - applied disciplines? Do medical and other students feel they must focus attention on the 'hard' learning rather than the 'soft' fuzzy concepts that public health encompasses? What has been the impact of the most recent series of re-organisations?



 #UoDthresholdconcepts2019

Of course, given the big themes identified, for me, the first lecture 101 should include a conceptual framework that can readily incorporate the (socio-)technical, (psycho- socio-) political, conceptual and much more.


The presenter also informed us that a paper is in press: 'The Clinical Teacher'. These findings of concepts that were troublesome for students appears to support my '101' role for Hodges' model - but then I would say that ...


Tierney's Exploring threshold concepts in the scholarship of teaching and learning was a rich source on a model of scholarship (Trigwell, et al. 2000) with tables also drawing on Perkins (1999, 2006) that I must try to follow-up as with Visual Art as navigation of affective thresholds: implications for the classroom.



The afternoon keynote discussed The dual development of professional identity as physicians and mentors, with Profs Hokstad and Kvernenes. Using a narrative reading (Reismann, 2008) the content and findings to me call for simultaneous duality in identity, the medical and the non-medical (practitioner - interaction with the patient and their family), clinician and mentor.

Being struck by the thought (on science, knowledge, holism - whole / part distinctions) of Goethe in the past it was a marvellous to attend Jonathan Code's session; Mind the Gap - Ontological discontinuity as threshold concept. I imagined Hodges' model and several leaves in various stages of growth.

It creates an overhead for conference organisers, but video recordings would be a great help. I think there is one more short post on this conference.


Ilgen, J.S., Eva, K.W., de Bruin, A., Cook, D.A., Regehr, G. (2018). Comfort with uncertainty: reframing our conceptions of how clinicians navigate complex clinical situations.
Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. Nov 2. doi: 10.1007/s10459-018-9859-5.


See also:
Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [i]

Sunday, June 30, 2019

Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [i]


Never having been to Dundee but being keen on Threshold Concepts for reasons to follow, I headed North stopping off at Glasgow the day before.

Some thought had clearly gone into the 'conference pack' which included a local comic , marmalade and a caramel biscuit (appreciatively consumed while writing this!).

[Earlier in the week, on twitter someone had pointed to the paper and pens laid on all the chairs in Manchester it appeared - questioning the sustainability. The organisers duly took note and a message for all.]

The first keynote was:

Threshold Concepts on the Edge by
Emeritus Professor Ray Land, Durham University and subtitled: 'Learning, risk and difficulty'.

As an initial co-author of the work on Threshold Concepts, Prof. Land is engaging and facilitating further research. The references flowed and were absorbed by a ready audience taking photos and notes. Next time, if there is one, I may rely on notes more. The presentations should be made available. The etymology of our language(s), liminality, complexity the experience of learning negotiated through variously safe and unsafe spaces were explored. As a concept itself threshold might indicate edge(s) and boundaries, referring also to knowl-edge. The presentation brought home the need for balance in education. Balance that in a way cannot be attained if learning is to occur? What should students be exposed to - in drama, literature as preparation for a [health] career, a life?

Through Timmermans (2010, Changing Our Minds) Prof. Land highlighted how even knowing something presents limits. I read this as the context internal or external calling into question this knowing. Complexity and chaos were inevitably added to this mix.

I thought of lacuna here. There are gaps in knowledge, but a nearby concept might just afford a stepping stone. This ability to 'step' begs a question. In what can become the domestic chaos of  unsupported care for people with dementia, I frequently have to empathise with the carers, relatives and close friends. These individuals will encounter 'gaps' appearing in their world. How they perceive, experience, interact and recall it. I temper this account depending on the situation. The changes to perception it is thought can be quite marked and disturbing, contributing to agitation. This is an edge fragmenting.

'Edges' are evident in Hodges' model:

Most obviously where the model's axes demarcate the care (knowledge) domains and additionally:

Sciences: Skin, touch, (surgical-knife) edge, cognitive map (home, locality), location - built environment, scientific thresholds as in blood tests, visual - auditory ... cues*
Intra- Interpersonally: identity, personal belief systems and schema, personal ethics, biases and prejudices (which may go 'unchallenged'), empathy - rapport, transference, *triggers perceived, incisive argument.
Sociology: Personal space, (Second...) language skills, breaking bad news, intimacy, nuclear - extended families.
Political: Negotiation, cross-party, consensus, debt, criminal activity, public disorder

I've some reflections on the image below to follow.


The citations of Waldrop (1992, p.12) and Zygmunt Bauman (2000) dissolving, turbulence and 'liquid modernity', prompts me to think of students [ and others ;-) ] getting stuck in minima and recall the work of Serres on Lucretius and non-linear dynamics. Prof. Land noted much more - supplantive and lost learning. We learn that the safety of education is unsurprisingly related to education (and its systems) becoming stronger. As it does there is a price, since learning involves weakness (Gert Biesta, 2013). The active debate on trigger-warnings, safe spaces and deplatforming gives me further reason to champion #h2cm. The model provides a blank, agnostic space, that can address all forms of truth, reality and if the situation requires disturbed experiences of reality.

I can clearly envision how student mental health nurses could find certain lectures challenging. Prof. Land weaves the point (Barnett, 2004) that we cannot reduce uncertainty for new students through a 'predictable' form of curriculum. For the MH students to learn they must be challenged personally. If not it is education that is failing them. Linking his themes it seems we can equate weakness with uncertainty but education must learn to appropriate and be comfortable with this. Contrasting uncertainty v. ambiguity I can see how Hodges' model can assist in understanding these relations and relationships from the lived - situated - experience - of a person, to the interpretation by several people, or the same person through time (frames of Hodges' model).

This was a marvellous start to the conference, about which more to follow.


See also:
http://nu2018.se/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Keynote-abstract-Vasteras-October-2018.pdf

Pihl, O. V. (2015). Hidden realities inside PBL design processes: Is consensus design an impossible clash of interest between the individual and the collective, and is architecture its first victim? . Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, 3(1), 20-45. https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jpblhe.v3i1.1201

- and on W2tQ:

Friday, December 06, 2019

TC2020: 8th Biennial Threshold Concepts Conference 2020

Bentham House, University College London
London, UK, July 8-10, 2020
After almost two decades of research on threshold concepts that stemmed from Meyer and Land’s seminal publication in 2003 it is time to reflect and take stock. As an idea it has generated significant interest and has become a world-wide phenomenon that has captured the interest of researchers and practitioners across the globe.

The promise it offers as a lens to consider curriculum design, approaches  to pedagogy and a way of reimagining learners has already had significant impact  as the Flanagan website attests… But its full potential remains as yet unrealised. Is it time for an honest appraisal of where we are and where we want to go? If we want to continue to develop the ideas then we need to ask ourselves some potentially troublesome questions:
  • Has threshold concepts become synonymous with learner difficulty?
  • Have we become entrenched in a slavish adoption of the framework? Or do we apply the framework too loosely?
  • How do we avoid thresholds becoming seen as a panacea that can explain all learner difficulty?
In considering these and other questions the conference offers an opportunity to reflect on the achievements thus far and encourages us to consider where we think work in the area needs to go next. There will never be a single solution to support all learners master the same threshold but an awareness of threshold concepts and their associated complexities allows us to become more informed practitioners.

Conference Sub-themes

  • Disciplinary retrospectives: transforming the disciplines;
  • Practice based thresholds: embedding thresholds within professional practices;
  • Liminality: knock knock knocking on transformation’s door;
  • Thresholds and curriculum design: new horizons;
  • Troublesome not tricky: not all that challenges is a threshold;
  • Avoiding swampy ground: acknowledging the pitfalls and planning for the future.

Submission Guidelines

We are inviting the following submissions:
  • Full paper: 20 minutes presentation, 10 minutes Q&A (max 300 word submission);
  • Lightning Talk: 5 minutes presentation, grouped questions (max 150 word submission);
  • Roundtable: 1 or 2 to lead a discussion, perhaps outlining a planned project or exploring an interdisciplinary collaboration (max 300 word submission).
The deadline for submissions is 6pm GMT 16 December (was originally end of Friday 6th December) 2019.

Conference sub-themes

  • Disciplinary retrospectives: transforming the disciplines;
  • Practice based thresholds: embedding thresholds within professional practices;
  • Liminality: knock knock knocking on transformation’s door;
  • Thresholds and curriculum design: new horizons;
  • Troublesome not tricky: not all that challenges is a threshold;
  • Avoiding swampy ground: acknowledging the pitfalls and planning for the future.

Organising Committee

  • Jason Davies (UCL)
  • Julie Rattray (Durham)
  • Anne Tierney (Heriot-Watt)
  • Susannah McGowan (Georgetown, USA)
  • Abel Nyamapfene (UCL)
  • Elia Gironacci (Warwick)
See also:
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=TCS

Sunday, January 01, 2012

Threshold Concepts: Undergraduate Teaching, Postgraduate Training and Professional Development A short introduction and bibliography

From:
Threshold Concepts: Undergraduate Teaching, Postgraduate Training and Professional Development
A short introduction and bibliography

The Meyer and Land Threshold Concept

           “The idea of threshold concepts emerged from a UK national research project into the possible characteristics of strong teaching and learning environments in the disciplines for undergraduate education (Enhancing Teaching-Learning Environments in Undergraduate Courses). In pursuing this research in the field of economics, it became clear to Erik Meyer and Ray Land [1-8, 9-16], that certain concepts were held by economists to be central to the mastery of their subject. These concepts, Meyer and Land argued, could be described as ‘threshold’ ones because they have certain features in common.”           
           Glynis Cousin, An introduction to threshold concepts
 

As the calendar slipped across from 2011 to 2012 the discovery of threshold concepts is very timely and quite central to my own studies.

As one year ends it helps to have a gateway to new vistas and to make sure that my review of the literature is systematic.

Saturday, March 09, 2024

10th Biennial Threshold Concepts Conference: July 2-4, 2025

Save the date!

As a scholar who is active in Threshold Concepts, you may be interested to know that the biennial conference on Threshold Concepts will be held at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada on July 2-4, 2025. More information on the call for proposals and conference logistics will be available in the late spring. But for now, follow us on X (formerly Twitter) @ThresholdConcep and join our Linkedin group (Threshold Concepts Conference 2025) to get the most up to date information.

Conference Invitation

Dear Colleagues,

As you may know, the biennial conference on Threshold Concepts will be held at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada on July 2-4, 2025. As a scholar who has been active with Threshold Concepts in the last few years, we hope that you will consider submitting a proposal and attending the conference. The call for proposals will be open October 15 – December 20, 2024. 

Please check out the conference information on our website (https://thresholdconcepts.home.blog/) and reach out if you have any questions.

All the best,

Julie
Email: julie.rattray AT durham.ac.uk
Prof. Julie Rattray
Professor of Higher Education and Director of EDI at School of Education
Chair of Durham Disabled Staff Network
Durham University
Confluence Building
Stockton Road
Durham
DH1 3LE

 

Saturday, August 04, 2018

Threshold Concepts Special Edition - Int. Journal of Practice-Based Learning in Health and Social Care

Dear Members

We thought you would want to know about the Threshold Concepts Special Edition Journal which has just been published in the International Journal of Practice-Based Learning in Health and Social Care.
 
The Journal is free-to-read. The articles explore:
  • Ways in which threshold concepts can inform understanding about how students become practitioners in their chosen profession.
  • Thresholds associated with practice placements and practice-based learning.
  • Ways in which the threshold concepts framework may inform development of curricula in healthcare disciplines.
 
Please share the link with anyone else who may be interested.
 
Best wishes
 
Hilary and Linda
                                 
 
Website:  www.plymouth.ac.uk/peninsula    We hold an Athena SWAN Silver award from the Equality Challenge Unit

My source:
Threshold Concepts in Health and Social Care special interest group

Sunday, July 13, 2014

H2CM workshop at Threshold Concepts Conference 11th July 2014 Durham

Prior to the workshop I did not know how many people would be interested. In the end I had four attendees. With the session located in a large dining hall I had to improvise. I explained the model on paper sat in the middle. The presentation worked on the laptop, with a little swapping of seats for vision. As always with Hodges' model (I believe) the questions and discussion that ensues is primary engagement and this can mitigate environmental limitations. This is also why I believe Hodges' model is applicable to the global community.

I had twenty 2-sided A4 templates to hand-out. The format was as follows:

  • What is Hodges’ model?
  • A concept sorting exercise
  • A case study exercise
  • Some examples of links to threshold concepts
  • Q & A - discussion
  • Feedback
The exercises appeared to go very well, prompting, as hoped, people to think about the model as presented, their own work and threshold concepts. The case study seemed quite realistic and yet it is of course fictional.

Where did I slip up? In at least three ways: I did not have my own feedback form. This is frustrating as I've used these routinely in sessions delivered in residential and nursing homes. I did not complete all the slides. We ran for 85 minutes starting 5 minutes later than intended. On reflection I could have attended for the two days as there were, some really relevant presentations on the Thursday also. I'm really grateful to the people who took part in the workshop. Their work included computer science, law, migration and mathematics.

They suggested I identify existing threshold concepts from the health and social care literature and relate these to Hodges' model. Another suggestion pointed to a pre-populated conceptual space using Hodges' model that can act a guide. I've wondered about this before in terms of how to avoid the care reduced to a checklist critique. Although lists play an evidence-based role in assuring safety and situational awareness, the check box mentality is viewed as undermining nursing and high quality personalised care? There is definitely scope for a paper combining #h2cm and threshold concepts.

The TEL course at Lancaster is proving a challenge as anticipated, because I do not have first-hand access to learning management systems and the more formal educational context. I am working on this with an ongoing secondment application, but I never hold my breath.  Doing the TEL course is (also) a test, it forces me to focus and produce small studies and very quickly too. I had wondered about using the workshop to this end, but in light of very helpful supervision and discussion with peers online I directed attention to a semi-structured questionnaire and the reflective content of LMSs used by local students.

Significantly, the four participants in Durham is more than needed for a 4000 word study, so the workshop is a great experience and further 'demonstrator'.

I am still reflecting on the workshop and will be in touch with several people as a result. I would also like to thank the organisers for my being able to contribute. The slides will also be posted online soon. I will add some notes to act as instructions.

In 2016 the conference will be in Nova Scotia, when available I will add the updated link in the sidebar.

https://www.dur.ac.uk/education/cap/conferences/thresholds2014/

Tuesday, August 22, 2017

Editorial: Exploring the relationship of threshold concepts and Hodges’ model of care from the individual to populations and global health



At the end of July I was contacted by the editor of the journal Revista CUIDARTE published by Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad de Santander UDES and invited to write an editorial. There were publication guidelines and a deadline: two weeks. Despite my astronautic aspirations my feet remained on the ground as I realised that I am surely filling a gap.

There were other family pressures at the time, but I already had the draft paper on Hodges' model and threshold concepts. After some thought and work the draft was reduced from 5600 words and 56 references to 3600 and 20 references. The example of Deprivation of Liberty was removed to include more generic subject matter in the themes of global health and development.

Whatever the reason (and editors please note...) I greatly appreciate this opportunity to further disseminate Hodges' model and threshold concepts. Greater still is the privilege to contribute to a community who provided me with one of the highlights of my nursing career in 2011.

Here is a video introduction (English):

Jones, P. (2017) Exploring the relationship of threshold concepts and Hodges’ model of care from the individual to populations and global health. Revista Cuidarte. 8(3): 1697-720.

Saturday, August 10, 2019

Threshold Concepts: Reflection on chaos, complexity and AI

Here are the reflections on the photograph posted in June following the Conference on Threshold Concepts:



Chaos can occur in any one ... or all of the four domains of Hodges' model. The same applies to order.

http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~kjerland/Lorenz/lorenz_attractor.html


This is a characteristic of chaos and chaotic systems.

Chaos can arise at any time: in the here and now, being sown now for the future (climate change?), or springing from the past, as in pleasurable, or traumatic memories.

While the Lorenz attractor and other graphical examples are grounded in mathematics and science, in #h2cm we need to imagine the butterfly diagram extended across and simultaneously at work across the models four domains.



individual - self
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group- population












Even in instances of riot and anarchy there will be pockets of 'order', but would you would want to take your chance of finding one? Amid talk of being in the wrong place, at wrong time; to what extent is this dependent upon who we associate with socially? Or, what we believe is the political course we might, should, will, must follow?

The context of Prof. Land's slide is learning and decision making. As a 'political' matter when chaos occurs, how is it manifested in disintegration? Can we hear the 'gears grind'? What exactly goes awry? Is it the processes as in the timing, leadership and with it responsibility?

The slide is powerful in giving support, to clinical decision-making as a context in which complex decision making is very common and simultaneously encompasses political, rationale and judgemental (ethical) forms of decision making.

Hodges' model can also facilitate recognition of differentiation between relational chaos and the explicit state of decision-making. For example, a healthcare practitioner and client/patient/carer may have achieved empathy and rapport, but the complex demands of the clinical decision still presents a great deal of uncertainty. Alternately in instances when the relationship is being forged then the communications: verbal and non-verbal (and a function of the clinical team) can be a confounding factor if not negotiated professionally (and in socially acceptable terms by members of the public). Another useful perspective is Personal and Public Involvement (PPI) at what point is this achieved? What are the thresholds in the public's learning, as they engage and are engaged if they are not to label the initiative as a checkbox exercise? Again Hodges' model can help us to reflect upon the scope and complexity of such situations.


AI, artificial intelligence was mentioned (I'm sure?) in the presentation and the benefits of AI in healthcare are already being realised. This is tempered with the requirement for AI systems to be able to explain their 'reasoning', rather than this be taken at face value. As AI takes on tasks that include initial automated screening of job applications that include videos then another dimension of learning is presented to students.

Health and justice is by default complex. Consider, the task of being seen by society that justice is duly served and doing so with a duty of care and welfare of the prisoners. To this, we can add the aspiration of custody being rehabilitative. For a prisoner, even on remand, there will be times when health needs and patiency must be recognised. When a long-term prisoner becomes chronically ill, this can present a major challenge to law-makers, prisoners, their families, the healthcare team and society.

individual - self
|
INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ----------------------------------------------- mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
group- population

Identity (use of name, touch ...)
(My) PURPOSE
Beliefs, Personal values
 Safety (personal) Thresholds
Trigger warning
Critical - critique 
not taking it personally


PROCESS
[Space] - physical &
degrees of freedom in decision making
constraints
Rationale*
Evidence
Theory
Quantitative Research


Qualitative Research


Patient : Healthcare practitioner
decision making
 PRACTICE
Critical - agreeing to disagree

Schism - 'distance'

Consensus (bridge building)
 Autonomy (in decision making)
Administration / Bureaucracy
Professionalism
Anti- 'X' movements
Riot and anarchy
safety (POLICY)
Critical - political




*While placed within the sciences domain, 'rationale' can be evidenced physically, psychologically,  politically and socially.  It is this that forces us to acknowledge the several edges of chaos.

See also:
Inaugural Scottish Threshold Concepts Conference: TCs in Action [i]


Images:
http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~kjerland/Lorenz/lorenz_attractor.html

https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3774260/comments
(Original image)

Friday, March 20, 2009

Study the hoops, but care about the thresholds

When you are on a course you really have - quite rightly - to do things by-the-book. That is the way - they say - you learn which corners of the pages you can turnover. Students learn early on that you have to jump through various hoops in order to complete the course and earn the stripes. The art and science of caring presents its own hoops, but in addition it is thresholds that present a barrier, thresholds that need to be negotiated in order to meet need.

Suddenly this is not about one person (you) it is about a partnership. A partnership of professionals allied and directly collaborating with a 'patient' and their carers.

One of the hoops is the paper or electronic referral form. Are you still sure this referral of yours is necessary? Are those two assessments really necessary?

There are a host of thresholds that may (or may not?) shift like a tide around the local and increasingly extended health and social care community, or 'economy' if you prefer, for example:

The threshold at which a nursing home will contact a GP surgery; or mental health services?
Just exactly what is residential care's capacity to cope internally and manage with a given range of health and social care challenges? What exactly should that capacity be? Should the public have access to referral data from care homes - to accident and emergency, mental health services, primary care? What proportion of 'referral problems' are dealt with at the nursing - social work level? What is the mental health service's threshold in terms of responding to a referral? What is the threshold for relatives believing that sufficient is being done for their loved one?

As lifelong learners of course we are all perennial hoop jumpers, learning the art of scaling and re-framing the thresholds that cross our way.

Image sources:

Seed-and-threshold segmentation

hula hoop (no longer available)

Thursday, June 16, 2016

Threshold Concepts: Pre-conference Health and Social Care

Yesterday afternoon there was a video-linked workshop between Glasgow, Halifax, Nova Scotia - Dalhousie University and an interest group member in Plymouth. This was to try to further thinking on threshold concepts in healthcare and one of two pre-conference workshops at:

6TH BIENNIAL THRESHOLD CONCEPTS CONFERENCE


Our agenda:

Workshop: To disaggregate or not? The dilemma of complex threshold concepts
  • What do we mean by complex thresholds?
  • Is this particularly relevant to healthcare and if so how?
  • Can we identify some examples in health and social care?
  • What problems do complex thresholds bring for teachers, learners, the curriculum?
  • Is disaggregation helpful (and how) or unhelpful/reductionist/simplification?
  • Do we have any evidence or theories that can help us?
We did not cover all the points in depth, but in respect of the first point I could define 'complex thresholds' with recourse to Hodges' model. The paper I'm working on includes a table that alludes to this. I could take this question more literally in that draft.

Thinking about complexity and aggregation, by complex is this the same as compound? Compound suggests something that can be taken apart (it is composite), but complex involves the whole (domain-based?) situation / context?

The example I have in mind is learner's recognition, appreciation and understanding of:
  • mental capacity
  • best interest
  • deprivation of liberty
By learner's I am thinking of student nurses (plus other disciplines), healthcare assistants and future associate practitioners. In the era of lifelong learners, public engagement and patient involvement/engagement I have include others (despite the academic demands for specificity).

Philosophy Now 113
On the last question - Do we have any evidence or theories that can help us? - I still feel evidence can be found in Hodges' model. As ever: data, data, data!

Feelings are never enough (until they are all we are left with).

Discussion included the curriculum as the questions indicate, and again one of the original purposes for the model was in curriculum development. but in addition the position and role of the 'big picture'.

Issue 113 of Philosophy Now featured New Realism. I'm cherry picking from pragmatism, idealism and realism. New realism questions whether a unified picture (in philosophy) is available (p.7). While this is a damaging critique to Hodges' model, it might also be an opportunity.

Steinbauer, A. (2016). Interview: Markus Gabriel, Philosophy Now, Apr/May, 113; pp.6-10.


Wednesday, April 13, 2016

Planetary Health (ii) (and the need for a global conceptual framework)

I have 5,000 words drafted on Hodges' model and threshold concepts, for which I've yet to find a home. Staying with the previous post's theme of planetary health the paper includes the following: 

A decade ago Groffman, et al., (2006) stated that ecological thresholds can be 'troublesome' in being important but in having no practical application. Threshold concepts are not, however alone; there are also threshold questions (Halldén and Lundholm, 2009). The answers to these questions are critical to global sustainability and planetary boundaries (thresholds) - an ongoing research effort (Rockström et al., 2009).

Groffman, P., Baron, J., Blett, T., et al. (2006). Ecological Thresholds: The Key to Successful Environmental Management or an Important Concept with No Practical Application? Ecosystems, 9(1), 1-13.

Halldén, O. & Lundholm C. (2009). 25-30 August. Conceptual Change and the Complexity of Learning. Threshold Questions, Meaning making and Contextuality. Paper presented at the 13th conference European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction, Amsterdam, Holland.

Rockström, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, Å. et al. (2009). Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society. 14(2): 32. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/


See also:
Jones, P. (2008). Exploring Serres’ Atlas, Hodges’ Knowledge Domains and the Fusion of Informatics and Cultural Horizons, IN Kidd, T., Chen, I. (Eds.) Social Information Technology Connecting Society and Cultural Issues, Idea Group Publishing, Inc. Chap. 7, pp. 96-109.

Saturday, February 11, 2017

Threshold Concepts, Professionalism & Scope of Practice

Amongst the chaos of self-directed study, vapourware, writing and starting a PhD program one writing project still in draft form concerns Hodges' model and what is termed the 'scope of practice'. As a generic and multidisciplinary conceptual framework Hodges' model can, I believe, assist in demarcating and differentiating the following:

  • knowledge - in all its forms;
  • a curriculum;
  • interprofessional working;
  • activity, tasks, actions;
  • responsibilities;
  • expected competences;
  • procedures;
  • assistant, associate, general registered, specialist - advanced practice;
  • existing policies, law, rules and standards;
  • records

Another draft paper (closer to completion I think) and which I've referred to before (see - chaos is the word!) relates Hodges' model to threshold concepts and definitely bears revisiting.

Scope of practice is different from professionalism but invites comparison. For example, the professionalism that is hopefully exercised when a practitioner recognises that their scope of practice is being called into question.

Searching the literature once again below is a new paper that combines professionalism and threshold concepts. I will see if I can add another paper of note and extend this post later in the week.

Hilary Neve, Helen Lloyd & Tracey Collett (2017) Understanding students’ experiences of professionalism learning: a ‘threshold’ approach, Teaching in Higher Education, 22:1, 92-108,
DOI: 10.1080/13562517.2016.1221810

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1221810

Wednesday, May 27, 2015

Six Threshold Concepts Anchoring the New Framework for Information Literacy (2014) ACRL

Amid several ongoing challenges I have been reading and writing on threshold concepts, Hodges model and Technology Enhanced Learning with 1800 words thus far. At the residential in April we had a talk on publishing so that is the aim.

The following reference -

Knapp, M., Brower, S., 2014. The ACRL Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education: Implications for Health Sciences Librarianship. Medical Reference Services Quarterly 33, 460–468. doi:10.1080/02763869.2014.957098

- includes an interesting table, doubly so since the framework concerns information literacy. In the table below I have reversed the columns. The full framework documentation also provides more comprehensive references.

Five Information Literacy Competency
Standards for Higher Education (2000)

Six Threshold Concepts Anchoring the New
Framework for Information Literacy (2014)

The 2000 standards outlined five abilities an information literate student will possess.

The information literate student...1

1. Determines the nature and extent of the information needed,
2. Accesses needed information effectively and efficiently,
3. Evaluates information and its sources critically and incorporates selected information into his or her knowledge base and value system,
4. Uses information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose, individually or as a member of a group, and
5. Understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and accesses and uses information ethically and legally

Threshold concepts are defined as ‘‘those ideas in any discipline that are passageways or portals to enlarged understanding or ways of thinking
and practicing within that discipline.’’3

1. Scholarship is a conversation,
2. Research as inquiry,
3. Authority is contextual and constructed,
4. Format as a process,
5. Searching as exploration, and
6. Information has value
Adapted from: TABLE 1 Information Literacy: Then and Now, p.462.

1. Association of College and Research Libraries. ‘‘Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education.’’ January 18, 2000.
http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency

3. ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education Task Force. ‘‘Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. Draft 2. June 2014.’’ 2014.
http://acrl.ala.org/ilstandards/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Framework-for-IL-for-HE-Draft-2.pdf

Wednesday, January 05, 2022

PHI MAGAZINE (Φ) - Liminal Issue [ii]


Individual
|

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES
humanistic ------------------------------------------ mechanistic
SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL
|
Group

mental disorientation
study - philosophy - ideas
liminal - liminality
ethical practice
creativity reflection
threshold concepts
uncertainty - meaning - ambiguity


physical disorientation
time, place, 'person'
process
theory
transition - threshold - doorway
media



art - arts
practice
socialisation (orientation)
rites of passage
status
meanings

-isms
political orientation
power - boundaries
professionalism
posture?
status

 

Previously on W2tQ:

'threshold concepts' 

Q. Do we, must we, always 'stand' when presented with a 'threshold'? Discuss ...


Friday, July 07, 2017

Draft: Table 3 What about this one - should it stay or...?

 Table 3 Features of Hodges' model related to Threshold Concepts [TCs]

This is, I think, a more obvious element of a paper on Hodges' model and threshold concepts than Table 2 which has now been removed from the draft. Despite the inclination to relate the main features of one to the other at 5449 words it looks like this table will also be dropped. I'm not working to a word limit for a given journal, but 5-6000 words including references seems a more disciplined figure at this stage.

While I've just explained a rationale for it, the purpose of table 3 does not seem very clear within the paper. At 90 words the table is hardly lengthy, but it is the main text and ideas it relates too. Without fooling myself, I'm sure the draft is now much improved continuing to sort the wheat from the chaff as it were. Now I've placed the emphasis on explaining the example 'Deprivation of Liberty'. There is an interloper in the table: can you spot it?

Yes, that's it - Compound TCs [CTCs]. In this I'm questioning whether there are hybrid conceptual structures in Hodges' model? I'm proposing that 'Deprivation of Liberty' (must) be considered as a compound TC, for reasons (care requirements actually) of integrated, person-centered and holistic care. I also intend to argue that these are legacy issues (based on a 40 year career - practitioner research?) in terms of quality of care and quality of teaching / learning which also call for measurement. In addition to CTCs, I also see Hodges' model as a means to precontextualisation.

So, Table 3 thanks for hanging out with me: you will be revisited at some point, but for now it looks like your rows and columns are numbered!

Once again if needed this invaluable introduction and bibliography on threshold concepts may help with the meaning of the threshold concepts features.

Hodges' model FeatureTC Features and additional points
Care Domains
Liminality, Transformative, Troublesome, Irreversible, Integrative, Bounded, Discursive, Reconstititive
Disciplinary and contextual way-finding and sign-posting
precontextualisation
Health Career
Transformative, Reconstititive, Irreversible
H-M axis
Integrative, Reconstititive, subjective-objective, qualitative-quantitative
Personal, Collective, 4Ps purposes, processes, policies, practises, 
Effectiveness, Efficiency
I-G axisIntegrative, Reconstititive,
Personal, Collective, 4Ps purposes, processes, policies, practises
Equity, Efficacy, Equality
Hodges' model – as a whole
Holistic, Person and Student-centredness, Troublesome
Idealisation, being person-centred, precontextualisation, transtheoretical
Compound TCs
Troublesome, Integrative, Discursive, Reconstititive, Liminality
Situated learning, Person centredness, Reflection on experiences, Reflexivity

See also - Draft: Table 2 ...