dynamic care? | dynamic care? |
dynamic care? | 'dynamic pricing' |
Cavet emptor!
Beware -
you get what you pay for; but do you get what you pay for?
Previously on W2tQ - 'dynamic'
The Health Policy Special Interest Group (HPSIG) of the System Dynamics Society is proud to announce the -
Lupina Young Researchers Award in Health System Dynamics
- which will be presented for the first time at this summer's 2008 International System Dynamics Conference in Athens, Greece. The award is sponsored by the Lupina Foundation of Toronto, Canada, and will be accompanied by a check in the amount of CAN$5000. The award will be presented to the recipient (or recipients) during the HPSIG meeting on the Sunday afternoon meeting just preceding the conference (July 20th this year), and a brief announcement will also be made to all conference attendees at a plenary session.
This award will be given to people at early stages of their careers to encourage them to do further work in health system dynamics. In the event that the winning paper represents the equal work of two young researchers, or if there is a tie among papers, the cash prize may be subdivided. The work considered for this award must be accepted as a paper for presentation at the International System Dynamics Conference. Papers are self-nominated, and to be eligible, the author(s) must either be in graduate school or have completed their educational training no more than five years prior to paper submission.
Authors need not be members of the System Dynamics Society and may, in fact, specialize in other methodologies and use them in their submitted papers. But their work must:
Kinchin makes the point early on that if teaching relies on a linear, rote approach then the talked of experiential learning from life experience and the student's developing knowledge structures are rendered irrelevant (p.16 and figure 5).
Hodges' model is a metacognitive tool so any future research could call upon constructivist methodology. Kinchin describes Novak's (1993) summary of constructivist epistemology as "the belief that from birth to senescence or death, individuals continually construct and reconstruct the meaning of events and objects they observe." (p.16). There are three key assertions behind this:
The Sun Microsystems site includes a blog (Martin Hardee) with an article entitled as above that poses eight questions. These questions can greatly inform the process of creating a strategic brief (which is also provided for download). Although the item is from 2005 and the context differs - contrast a corporate website design and a future website for Hodges' model - there is value for me in answering the questions. So here goes... starting with the opening paragraph from the original blog post then the questions in bold, interspersed with my responses:
As I've mentioned in previous postings, the most important single step you can take in designing anything for the web is to create a strategic brief. This should be done early in the discovery phase of any design project. The reason it's so important is that it will make you focus and it will provide a guide map for whoever is creating and implementing your design. To write a strategic brief, you'll need to know a lot of important but oft-ignored basics such as:A) Why are you embarking on this design (or new web site, or whatever), anyway?
2. As already highlighted if the new site is to reach the educational community it will be necessary to take heed of existing Drupal modules and resources, e.g. the DrupalEd distribution, The Scientific Collaboration Framework and assess their suitability - 'off the shelf'.
It would be nice to be blessed with a halo, but I guess I'd rather be elliptically challenged than possessed of a slipped disc.
Halo-less, succor is found imagining the concept cloud that follows me around. Of course we all have one:
A dynamic cognitive-virtual creation that would be a wonder of the universe if it could be seen. Maybe this is why the WWW is such a marvel?
Life is a comic book really, we just don't see the thought bubbles. ...
As of Jan 2008 - this blog's side bar has a sandpit listing tools in which I would love to fully immerse myself. One of these is Protégé. Like so many pieces of this (my) care informatics jig-saw, this - the keystone? - is yet to be picked up.
It is heavy, a specialist tool; built for knowledge engineering not for care engineers.
After decades of excellent work by researchers in expert systems and decision support systems... knowledge management tools like Protégé are making knowledge engineering much more accessible. Web 2 (and Web 3...) is using the semantic web as a foundation and the term semantic web seems to capture the concept cloud (that might be) instantiated in Hodges' model.
I know the links pages may seem a links-fest or even a links-farm, but in LINKS I intra-INTERpersonal the presence of knowledge management is neither incidental or accidental. Conceptual tools and Protégé in particular might provide a means to help thread together:
Thank you for your interest in contributing to an action brief for the WHO COVID-19 Health Services Learning Hub (HLH). Please find below an overview of the HLH and further information on how to submit your action brief. If you have further questions, please contact us at hlh AT who.int.
Overview
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have
requested urgent support from WHO to maintain their health services
whilst mounting their pandemic response.
The WHO COVID19: Health Services Learning Hub
is a dynamic new web-based platform that will allow the critical
sharing of experiences and learning from innovative practices to inform
the collective global response in real time. This will include action
briefs on promising examples of innovation to maintain essential health
services, synthesis briefs on key emerging learning needs, dynamic
learning labs to solve common challenges and a ‘one stop shop’ for up to
date information from WHO and partners.
The learning hub will be based on WHO’s Operational guidance for maintaining essential health services during an outbreak, which provides a set of targeted actions countries should take at national, regional, and local levels to reorganize and maintain access to essential quality health services for all.
The immediate focus of the learning hub will be on maintaining essential health services during the outbreak. In the medium to longer term the hub will focus on health service recovery in the post-acute phase of the pandemic and health services strengthening in the post-pandemic phase.
Thanks to Jagoda - HLH
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A few years ago 2018, I noticed a conference on conceptual engineering, if you browse this blog you may see the attraction that included New York. I never got there in person and of course back then virtual conferences were less 'popular'. This afternoon I joined an online presentation with Q&A on this topic and my interest was renewed. A subsequent search also revealed this book which is open access.
"The second strategy is what might be called the dynamic model interpretation advanced by Martin Kusch (2009b, 2011, 2013). On this view, genealogies are not just elaborate ways of describing our actual practices. They involve genuine historicization and fictionalization, because they are best interpreted as models which at first involve strong idealization, but are then gradually de-idealized to approximate their target system. They provide models with a time axis — dynamic models — explaining why we came to think as we do." pp.12-13.
"The genealogical model helps us situate, contextualize, and account for each of the different functions a practice acquired in different contexts, thereby imposing a form of order on the irreducibly varied synthesis that Nietzsche describes. The measure of the quality of that model will be its ability to make sense of the internal diversity of the practice and of the multiplicity of functions laid up in it." p.63.
"Often, our needs shape the space of reasons the way our eyes shape the field of vision: they render us sensitive to certain aspects of the world without themselves showing up in it." pp.246-247.
My source:
My first book, *The Practical Origins of Ideas: Genealogy as Conceptual Reverse-Engineering*, is coming out today with @OUPAcademic, just in time for #WorldBookDay. It's available fully #openaccess at: https://t.co/2WwRgfZyz9#OxfordUniAuthors pic.twitter.com/RxDbo0FkIH
— Matthieu Queloz (@matthieu_queloz) March 4, 2021
The final day of the CS@W conference started with a topic I was really anticipating as per a previous blog post. Ben Adams and Martin Raubal had indicated by email that CSML was a work in progress and a chat after their session emphasized the same. The existence of CSML and looking at some code examples holds great promise.
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| Direction in Lund, Sweden May 2012 by Peter Jones |
Description logics are limited in ability to represent semantic content (RDF, OWL).My BA(Philosophy and Computing Joint Hons.) project was on the application of semantic networks in nursing. The hard work was done for me in that it was directed by existing work in GRAIL. The dissertation I produced was essentially descriptive looking at nursing examples, identifying care issues and modelling them using is_a relationships. Among a great many slides and fascinating explanations Adams and Raubal note that:
They fail to easily express
Semantic similarity which plays an important role in cognitive categorization.
Complex concept combinations.
Present Semantic Web technologies are restricted in their ability to answer queries and make inferences.
Is-A, Instance-Of- so the advent of conceptual spaces, CSML and their efforts to engage with the existing semantic web community shows the ongoing dynamic of the semantic web's development. They are pursuing a reification of OWL 2 CS file to OWL 2:
Strong – based on topological relationships
Weak – based on similarity relationships
Unique IRI for OWL classes, individuals, propertiesThere may be a future website to follow in addition to the CSML source. Questions followed about whole spaces, contrast classes and support vectors.
Unique IRI for CS domains, concepts, and instances
Given the volume of new research published each year and even daily, I am always looking for validation of Hodges' model and my belief (and time ...) in the model's generic utility.
An email from ResearchGate this morning prompted a search, revealing the following conference paper by Iris Lohja, Yves Demazeau and Christine Verdier.
This a very rewarding read for me as the paper states that Hodges' is situated, person-centred, socio-technical and combines the individual and group.
"Situation Theory is a theoretical approach, according to which a system is defined as the composition of situation-related concerns. To collect information about these concerns and to address the user preferences BP, we use the Hodges’ Health Career Model (H2CM) [15]. It is a model centred around the person, based on the situation,considering all contexts (or as many as possible), and allows for simple modelling. One of the main reasons why this model is adapted to our context is that it allows for individualism and holism at the same time. We use H2CM to structure knowledge or features of older people around two axes – the vertical axis of individual and group and the horizontal axis of humanistic and mechanistic – which create four knowledge domains – Interpersonal, Sciences, Sociology, and Political. The vertical axis indicates our primary focus on the older person as an individual and as a group. The horizontal axis separates features into humanistic – related to the social aspect of the older person/people – and mechanistic – related to the technical aspects concerning the older person/people. Figure 1 shows the H2CM model for the passenger population, where we can see some features identified and classified into the four knowledge domains.
Modelling the passenger population with H2CM in IMOPOP helps to identify and include in the system their preferences and constraints, thus addressing the user preferences BP. A UML representation of a passenger agent is shown in Figure 2.
Table 1 compares the approaches we have considered for the modelling of the agents, according to our main criteria." p.54
I will post again and if possible with Figure 1 and Table 1 from the paper.
Figure 1 could be extended and Table 1 is a very useful approach by the authors, contrasting Hodges' model with other approaches.
"In this paper, we discussed about various MAS techniques for dealing with the first two blocking points. Viewing our multi-agent system as componential, we considered various models for modelling each of its components. We used the socio-technical Hodges’ Health Career Model, which originates from the social care domain but we still described as it is crucial for IMOPOP. It is used to model the older people as the agents in the system, addressing the user preferences blocking point. Given that we consider ridesharing as activity-based, we discussed about activities and proposed modelling the urgency and importance of these activities in the system. In the environment, we modelled agents’ points of interest and the main players in the ridesharing market." p.57.
MAS: multi-agent systems (the MAS described is called IMOPOP)
Iris Lohja, Yves Demazeau, Christine Verdier. A multi-agent system approach to dynamic ridesharing for older people: State-of-the-art work and preliminary design. 18èmes Rencontres des Jeunes Chercheurs en Intelligence Artificielle, RJCIA’20, Jun 2020, Angers, France. pp.52-59. ⟨hal-02897446⟩
See also from Aug. 2020:
I learned of the following research project via
Philos-L "The Liverpool List" Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool
[ https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/philosophy/philos-l/ @PhilosL ]
- with news of a call for papers:
Hodges' model is ideally to suited to critique of systems and socio-technical dimensions as previously described:
Jones, P. (2009) Socio-Technical Structures, the Scope of Informatics and Hodges’ model, IN, Staudinger, R., Ostermann, H., Bettina Staudinger, B. (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Nursing Informatics and Socio-Technical Structures, Idea Group Publishing, Inc. Chap. 11, pp. 160-174.
Plus, there are many posts tagged 'socio-technical' - hyphenated to emphasize the inter- multi- trans-disciplinary bridges that the model provides (some posts are also tagged 'sociotechnical').
The research project Designing for Changing Values provides encouragement here for the increasing relevance of Hodges' model:
"Not value neutral
A key insight from philosophy of technology is that technological artifacts and sociotechnical systems are not value neutral, but support or inhibit certain values. Several philosophical accounts for understanding the embedding of values in technological artifacts have been proposed and approaches like Value Sensitive Design, Design for Values and Responsible Innovation have been established for integrating values into technical design.
A theoretical blind spot
A blind spot is, however, the possibility of value change after a sociotechnical system has been designed. For example, when many of our current energy and transportation systems were designed sustainability was not yet a central value, and we are now struggling to incorporate this value into these systems. Progress in the field is currently inhibited by the lack of a philosophical theory of value change in sociotechnical systems.
Better design strategies
This project fills the gap by developing such a theory. It moves beyond the state of the art by proposing a dynamic rather than a static account of values, by developing insights in the dynamics of value change, by extending analysis about the embedding of values in technical artefacts to sociotechnical systems and by developing design strategies that aim at designing sociotechnical systems that can better deal with value change."
https://www.valuechange.eu/
I do wonder about the subjective-objective and qualitative-quantitative 'metrics' of value and values (and other metrics - change, complexity, emergence). In human and mechanistic terms there are marked differences too between value and values. Values are, should, must be, embedded in individual nurses and hence the domains of Hodges' model. This is how (in part) the model supports reflection, and critical thinking.
No surprise then being created for practice, Hodges' model is dynamic. The model can help capture and present an ongoing sequence of frames. Where were we? Where are we going? How have things changed? (This is
Hodges' model prompted the thought of 'holistic bandwidth', the call for papers on corpus analysis seeks examples of formal work. The model, initially blank provides a conceptual framework upon which to capture a conceptually situated corpus. The structure of Hodges' model is a foundation for a relational ontology that draws upon semantic distance between the model's two axes (as per the table below):
INDIVIDUAL <-> GROUP
HUMANISTIC <-> MECHANISTIC
Not just that but the synonyms that may apply. So for 'individual': person, patient, client, self, client, 'I', 'me', Peter, Chi, student, teacher and whatever role is applicable. This point is vital as there is a potential and workflow that runs from:
1. Neutral, blank, non-judgemental (the model as a template): the content - empty, null state.
2. The model's essential structure.
With a potential for conceptual explosion - from a basic (very simplistic) inherent corpus, to one that is explicit:
3. A response to a situation, a context.
4. That then changes according to events, aims, objectives, strategies, philosophical perspective (recovery, strengths, self-care), policy emphasis ...
In health and social care as suggested above we would hope that the model is employed to shift from the general to the specific - person-centred approach.
value(S) | VALUE(S) |
value(s) |
VALUE(S) |
This conceptual framework is not limited to strategy either, but can also encompass deliberation on operational and tactical concerns.
See also:
David Mercer's Drupal: Creating Blogs, Forums, Portals, and Community Websites introduced me to Drupal 4.7. When I learned of a new Mercer title from Packt I offered to review Building Powerful and Robust Websites with Drupal 6. If you are impatient and read only the first and/or last para of things then to cut to the chase - if you are new to Drupal and content management systems you need this book. So, go and buy it now!
I've been learning Drupal on-and-off (as spare time allows) since last summer. Reading this latest Mercerian effort I've undoubtedly benefited from reading the Drupal 4.7 text. The 4.7 title definitely got me up and running as a Drupal novice, so this formula and style is familiar to me. There are some physical changes: the paper on this latest offering (my copy at least) has better contrast. I could not find the exact font details, but the print size is larger and so there are fewer words per line which naturally helps readability. Consequently, the 4.7 book's 267 pages translates to 362 pages as measured to the last page of the index.
As a Drupal newbie myself I've struggled due to:
Review of Shreves's Drupal 6 Themes
Practice in forensic psychiatry: Expanding on the post about a further reference for Hodges' model:
Here, and on twitter I have sought to stress the limitations of the biopsychosocial model in healthcare, and I value Holmes et al. recognition of Hodges' model as politico-biopsychosocial.
The authors also identify the structural nature of the model.
In comparing 'models of care' there is the question of whether Hodges' model is a model of care. As a generic conceptual framework Hodges' model can of course be used in the health care (as per its original design and creation) but it can be used to compare models of care.
Below, translated by Google are the models used in the paper.
I have altered the listing bringing the Tidal and Recovery model s together. Some I've 'mapped' in pairs, using formatting to indicate the differences.
Tidal Model
"The Tidal Model is a humanistic nursing model of recovery developed by Barker (12) with the premise that the person with mental disorder has strengths, abilities, personal priorities and a future ahead (13). This model of care, popular in forensic psychiatry circles, recognizes certain deficits of the hospitalized patient but it is especially interested in the meaning that the latter attributes to them. The sick person is the expert in his life and is therefore the one who contributes the most to his own recovery. This nursing perspective is therefore centered on the phenomenological experience (lived experience) of the patient and on the role of the staff, which is to allow healing and restore hope (12,14)."
Recovery Model
"A popular model in mental health care, the recovery model is increasingly gaining ground in psychiatric care settings (28). The postulates of this humanistic model state that anyone, including those suffering from mental disorders, can aspire to a fulfilling future, participate in rewarding and inspiring activities, self-determination and finally, be able to live in an environment free of stigma and discrimination (29). The peculiarity of this model lies in the fact that recovery is part of a process where the person with mental illness can continue to show symptoms while being able to adapt to their condition (often chronic) and pursue their goals. life (30)."
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recovery strengths, abilities, personal priorities deficits healing and hope phenomenological - (lived experience) personal responsibility fulfillment - life goals patient as expert personal adaptation living with x,y,z... coping strategies |
place as context my future deficits signs - symptoms chronicity Institutional settings clinical - hospital |
humanistic - human qualities social expectations social contribution participation - social inclusion free from stigma deficits |
Institutional settings politics of recovery free from discrimination forensic deficits |
<>
Integrated Practice Model
"This model was developed by Virginia Lynch, a pioneer in forensic psychiatry, and it guides the role of practicing staff in this care setting (15). There are three main theoretical foundations: 1) the fields of expertise involved (nursing, criminal justice and forensic science), 2) the health system (victim and offender, health care and forensic nursing ) and 3) the social impact (social sanction, human behavior, crime and violence) (16). According to this model, patients should be cared for using an interdisciplinary and holistic approach (15)."
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nursing forensic psychiatry 2. health system interdisciplinary holistic OFFENDER |
nursing theoretical foundations forensic science 1. fields of expertise 2. health system interdisciplinary holistic |
VICTIM role of practitioners 2. health system 3. social impact (social sanction, human behavior, crime and violence) |
criminal justice 2. health system |
<>Model of Nursing Interaction
"This model of care includes six categories of forensic nursing interaction with the goal of establishing a relationship with the patient: establishing and maintaining a relationship (relationship based on honesty, respect and trust), encouraging and support interactions (help the patient to recognize his qualities and use his resources), the learning of social skills (encourage the patient to do social activities and talk to others), reality orientation (help the patient patient to be aware of his way of being and of acting), reflective interactions (the perception of the patient and his problems) and the learning of practical skills (encouraging the patient to develop good lifestyle habits) ( 17,18)."
Individual
|INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCEShumanistic ------------------------------------------ mechanisticSOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL|Group
patient qualities, resources
reflective interaction
self-perception of problems
reality orientation
awareness of way of being and of acting
practical skills
develop lifestyle skills
reality orientation
learn social skills
develop lifestyle skills encourage social activities
talk to othersencourage and support interactions
reality orientation
perception of patient and problems
<>
Healthy Living Program
"This model was developed in response to metabolic syndrome and physical illnesses that may develop in people with severe mental illness (19). It includes programs related to health promotion activities such as weight reduction, smoking cessation, physical exercise, etc. It is a voluntary approach that not only improves physical health, but also independence and recovery. For the program to work in the institution and to fit into its organizational culture, the approach must be flexible and systematically maintained by the entire interdisciplinary team."[ PARITY OF ESTEEM ]
mental health - metabolic syndrome physical illnesses
Individual
|INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCEShumanistic ------------------------------------------ mechanisticSOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL|Group
recovery
voluntary approach
(physical) health promotion activities such as weight reduction, smoking cessation, physical exercise,
independence
recovery
voluntary approach
for program to work in the institution and to fit into its organizational culture, the approach must be flexible and systematically maintained by the entire interdisciplinary team<>Holistic Model
"This model is used in forensic care in the assessment, health care and psychotherapy of patients with personality disorder (22). Holistic care includes the physical (diet and exercise), cultural, spiritual, and psychosocial needs of the patient. This model is based on problem solving, anger management and decision making. Caring is a central concept in the holistic model and is actualized in an emotional, psychosocial, constant and authentic caring response (23). It is for caregivers to be present for the patient, to respect his situation, to understand his experience and to demonstrate a desire to help."
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holistic care personality disorder [mental] health care psychotherapy assessment emotion problem solving, anger management decision making actualized psycho- |
holistic care 'caring' assessment diet, exercise health care 'being present' |
-social culture holistic care 'being present' constant and authentic caring understand person's experience respect person's situation desire to help |
forensic care holistic care desire to help (also exemplified in the organisation?) |
Good Lives Model
"This model focuses on the offense committed by the mentally disordered offender, his recovery, the promotion of personal goals, the reduction of the risk of reoffending, and the treatment of mental illness (24,25, 26). The model favors an approach based on the strengths of the patient. In addition, mechanisms of change are present, that is to say that behaviors judged to be poorly adapted are replaced by adapted behaviors when the patient is equipped with the skills, resources and support provided by the nursing staff. This model contextualizes the offense, focuses on the symptoms of mental illness while conceptualizing both as inappropriate behaviors.This model helps to better understand the relationship between mental illness and crime in order to create an individualized plan of care."
Risk-Need-Responsivity Model
"This model (27) imported from the correctional environment was adapted to the psycho-legal context by the addition of the “mental illness” dimension. It was developed primarily to reduce the risk of recurrence. Care interventions are geared towards the identification and treatment of criminogenic factors. This model is based on three major principles: the risk principle (granting the highest level of resources to the group most at risk of crime), the needs principle (identifying dynamic criminogenic risk factors and targeting them in treatment) and the principle of receptivity (adjusting programs according to the characteristics of the person: learning style, motivation, strengths, etc.) (24,25)."
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mentally disordered (diagnosis) recovery characteristics of the person learning style (evidence?) motivation, strengths 3. principle of receptivity treatment: skills, resilience personal goals “mental illness” <-> crime recurrence individualized plan of care |
1. risk principle -> resource allocation recurrence treatment 2. dynamic criminogenic risk factors support of nursing staff |
treatment [social determinants?] mechanisms of change adapted behaviours inappropriate behaviours recurrence |
offense reoffending correctional environment contextualise the offence treatment principles [policy] recurrence |
<>
Hodges' Health Career Model
"This model has a
politico-biopsychosocial structure which is consistent with contemporary
interdisciplinary practice (20); that is, it relies on a
multidimensional critical approach, incorporating writings in sociology
and politics, in order to understand the person in context. It is based
on four objectives: measuring learning, providing holistic care,
supporting reflective practice and closing the gap between theory and
practice (21). This model is applicable in various clinical situations
in a psycho-legal context. When this model is used as a frame of
reference, it emphasizes the role of caregivers who must meet the
patient's needs and focus on their problems. It also serves as a guide to
assess and provide assistance to the patient vis-à-vis their physical,
psychological and social needs as well as with the justice system in
order to promote their recovery. The theoretical foundations call on
four sources of knowledge: interpersonal, scientific, sociological and
political (21)."
The PERSON in Context
(situated)
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INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL reflective practice conceptual structure psychological needs measure of learning psycho- |
SCIENTIFIC physical needs theory-practice gap |
SOCIOLOGICAL reflective practice (develop self-awareness) social needs practice-theory gap |
POLITICAL justice system (needs) -legal |
[ all embedded within the SPIRITUAL ]
Not just 'problems' Hodges' model can incorporate any desired stance, perspective or philosophical approach - strengths, disease, skills, weaknesses or deficits, psychosocial for example.
I am not sure about explicitly 'measuring learning, but the model can be used by learners and teaching staff / mentors to demonstrate their understanding and justify their output - formulation.
There is an instrumental potential in Hodges' model as a whole. Hodges' model can illustrate the degree of holistic intent - whether this is realised could also be indicated using the model.
Once again I am grateful to the authors for their inclusion of Hodges' model. The reference is listed in the blog's bibliography (please see the sidebar for others) which includes:
Doyle, M., Jones, P. (2013). Hodges’ Health Career Model and its role
and potential application in forensic mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 20, 7, 631-640.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01961.x/abstract
Jones
P. (2014) Using a conceptual framework to explore the dimensions of
recovery and their relationship to service user choice and
self-determination. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. Vol 3, No 4, (2013) pp.305-311.
See also on W2tQ (with overlap):
https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=forensic
https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=justice
https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=interdisciplinary
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| Brian E. Hodges - c/o Brian's family. |
Born in Liverpool, UK.
Community Mental Health Nurse NHS, Part-time Lecturer,
Researcher Nursing & Technology Enhanced Learning
Registered Nurse - Mental Health & General
Community Psychiatric Nursing (Cert.) MMU
PG Cert. Ed.
BA(Joint Hons.) Computing and Philosophy - BIHE - Bolton
PG(Dip.) Collaboration on Psychosocial Education [COPE] Univ. Man.
MRES. e-Research and Technology Enhanced Learning, Lancaster Univ.
Live and work in NW England - seeking a global perspective.
The views expressed on W2tQ are entirely my own, unless stated otherwise.
Comments are disabled.
If you would like to get in touch please e-mail me at
h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk
orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-8965
