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| Hodges' Health Career - Care Domains - Model |
This image is available as a .tiff file 300ppi. Please get in touch if needed h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk
It is figure one of four within the (previously mentioned) co-authored paper mapping the SDGs to Hodges' model.
| Education |
Research
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| Clinical Practice |
England HE. Multi-professional framework for advanced clinical practice in England. London: Health Education England, 2017.
Evans C, Poku B, Pearce R, et al. Characterising the evidence base for advanced clinical practice in the UK: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open2020;10:e036192. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036192
Lawler, J., Maclaine, K. & Leary, A. Workforce experience of the implementation of an advanced clinical practice framework in England: a mixed methods evaluation. Hum Resour Health 18, 96 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00539-y
"Academics are novelty vampires. They crave new stuff ..."
Arriving at chapter 4 "No Smallholder Farmer Left Behind" by Jane Nelson,I was acutely aware of the news from India in the (N) autumn. Smallholders and family farmers protested about newly enacted farm laws. The government claimed the changes would protect the farmers from bullying middlemen, while the farmers were afraid of price instability and the rise of corporations*. Even in today's news I note this issue is ongoing. Very quickly any romantic notions of smallholder farmers are challenged reading this book and must be set aside. How can being a farmer (and agricultural laborers) equate with being among the world's poorest and most vulnerable and yet they number an estimated 500 million? There are 200 million smallholders producing food as part of formal supply chains and yet they are in extreme poverty and were circumstances are improved, there is a risk of relapse.
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| Leave No One Behind |
With an eye on the Green agenda though, and reading of the role for technology it still unsettles me thinking about bio-genetics, digital colonialisation when reading of the role of digital technology. With low and high Earth orbits filling up, there should be improved broadband access in remote locations, but I do wonder about choice. This is were the authors and organisations will no doubt push an advocacy role (p.68).
As I mention orbits and digital technology, mapping is key and to smallholder farmers too:
🔔REMINDER: Tomorrow (Jan. 22), #YouthMappers is hosting a #mapathon in support of smallholder farmers in Mali from 17:00-19:00 UTC.
— YouthMappers (@youthmappers) January 21, 2021
Come map with us! ReGISter for the Zoom link⬇️https://t.co/POzDO6KO4j
It is good to hear of development work that is also climate-smart. Leapfrogging is a important idea in the book (to follow) but I hope that as mobile technology has jumped the communications infrastructure of some developed nations that small-holders here can also leapfrog. The book's footnotes do not leapfrog, they are fairly constant and a very rich thread of learning and sources. A key and literal platform for leapfrog is big data and AI (p.70) [ https://www.brookings.edu/research/using-big-data-and-artificial-intelligence-to-accelerate-global-development/ ]. Hopefully, this blog demonstrates my enthusiasm and interest in STEM, again with these influences I can't help recalling my review of Friel's LITTLE-big book on climate change and the people's health in which attention to the nutritional value of food is stressed. When Nelson asks of the poorest farmers "What are they eating?" (p.76) yes, you do have to ask.
Give me a page of text and certain words standout a kilometer. 'Holistic' is one. So, holistic investment in infrastructure is needed (p.77) and a holistic approach to on- and off-farm interventions. The expertise, experience and political awareness of the development community is evident here in accounts of measures and evaluation. Rurbanomics (p.77) concerns the linkages between rural and urban economies and in policy terms there could be specific mention of the rural phenomena of 'empty villages' (in the EU too?) and the need to better manage the movement of people from rural to urban environments.
The chapter organisation is almost logical moving to refugees and migrants [Chap. 5]. I've posted before on geopsychiatry and it will be interesting to see in coming years if non-refoulement (p.79) routinely enters the news lexicon. At this time, how the majority of us wish we could travel, and p.82 had me wondering about ancient history before 'countries': no nations. Discussion of the definition and its limitations of 'refugee' 1951 is very informative, especially as it relates to the SDGs, which includes migrants. You can see how much crossover there is (and must be - sustainable determinants of health ...) between the SDGs and hence the need for all governments to address this in policy and law.
Working in healthcare and c/o Brexit and the COVID crisis you are aware of the global nursing and social care workforce. This is described here in terms of training (p.96) To state the obvious, politically, refugees and migration remain a charged matter. Quite rightly the gains from international refugee and migration flows have a section of their own. Since the 1990s you become ever more aware of remittances sent abroad (and until recently the cost of the same). Talk of seasonal work has an analogue in the seasonal routes that people at great risk whatever their reasons, make from Africa and Asia. I've mapped some content from chapter 5 to Hodges' model:
| mental health post-traumatic stress knowledge diffusion | access to shelter, water, health care and sanitation rural - urban border regions cities |
| social media social attitudes in receiving nations sexual and gender-based violence | informal camp employment? remittance flows 'mechanism design theory' p.93 land registration having an 'address' |
I learned of What3Words quite a while ago** and the addition of 'having an address' in the POLITICAL domain is an addition. I knew an article in May (FT Magazine, 16-17 May 2020, pp.32-35.) would come in handy:
"Where the streets have no name" by Deirdre Mask - The Address Book.
An illustration by Andy Robert Davies says it all:
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Mask's book points out the obvious that if you are Stateless you are address-less too. The health - political implications here are serious and this problem is not restricted to 'developing' nations. So much is tied to this: track and trace, having a bank account, being able to vote all can depend on this specific information. Without an address, a default - whether acknowledged or not - of 'data missing' in census data gathering follows. For many nations the 'census year' has been disrupted by the pandemic.
Referring back to migrants, refugees and the recent politicization and nationalistic rhetoric, reading made me wonder about government's ability to envision the positive potential of migration flows and refugees. The statistics are revealing in the impressions provided by social media and news reporting. The problem for (some) policy makers and resident populations given the bias and misinformation of reporting seems to me, extracting individual and family narratives from the collective.
The reader is very well served with the index, if needed, while reading and my writing here. Unless I've missed it, there is a missing reference to 'tax' on page 312, which we'll reach next time. It is an important one.
Homi Kharas, John W. McArthur and Izumi Ohno, (Eds.) 2020. Leave No One Behind: Time for Specifics on the Sustainable Development Goals, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
*https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/12/1/why-are-thousands-of-indian-farmers-protesting
**https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/2016/04/what3words-mapping-globe-hodges-model.html
giclee print with silkscreen varnish
41.5 x 29 cm unframed
Edition of 300, signed and numbered
Extraordinary People is an edition of 300 signed and numbered giclee prints measuring 41.5 cm x 29 cm and is sold unframed. All profits from the sale of this edition will be donated to the NHS Covid- 19 Urgent Appeal which supports NHS staff and volunteers caring for COVID-19 patients . The print is priced at £120 plus shipping and is available now. Due to the current pandemic we do not expect to be able to deliver this print until September 2020.
Like everyone else we are extremely grateful for the tireless work being done by our extraordinary NHS staff in near impossible circumstances. We owe them a collective debt we will never fully be able to repay. We'd like to offer our deepest thanks to each and every one of you.
giclee print with silkscreen varnish
41.5 x 29 cm unframed
Edition of 300, signed and numbered
http://www.theconnorbrothers.com/shop/extraordinary-people
See also:
"Blind to the Big Picture" and Parity of Esteem
My source:
The art world is back in business, MoneyWeek, 15 May 2020. Issue 999, p.35.
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Photo source:
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/374643262755074853/
My source:
Quick, H. Forces of NATURE, FT Weekend, September 8 2020.
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| Social & Cultural Intelligence | Political
[What the State provides ...]Intelligence? |
My reminder:
Book Reviews, "Physical Intelligence", What Investment, October 2020, p.51.
If you have 'reflective literacy' what is its scope?
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Sources:
Several news sources.
[eventual] Supernova | |
*or rectangled?
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| Leave No One Behind |
Ordinarily, the word 'ultra' I'd associate with science, closely followed by branding-speak and then the realm of super heroes. Sad then that for ultra-poverty, neither science nor commerce has the answer and there's no super hero to call upon. Science and commerce are part of the answer to ultra-poverty, as the book also highlights but there is no time to wait: 2030 ...
Ultra-poverty is defined (p.43):
"A useful lens through which to view ultra-poverty is economist Amartya Sens definition of poverty as a "deprivation of basic capabilities," including the freedoms and choices that most of us take for granted, specifically "the substantive freedoms [a person] enjoys to lead the kind of life he or she has reason to value. In this perspective, poverty must be seen as the deprivation of basic capabilities rather than merely as lowness of incomes, which is the standard criterion of identification of poverty."
In mental illness - health nursing you recognise early on the significance of hopelessness and helplessness (p.44). From the news over successive decades you hear the trials and debate of those on 'benefit' stuck in a 'poverty' trap. Is poverty relative, absolute or both? I was really struck with the connection to psychological therapy, literacy overall and 'health literacy' specifically, when a person cannot imagine that a better world is possible (p.45) for them. They cannot envision. I've stressed here the importance of 'information' as a concept and Coates and MacMillan literally bring information theory home. This when the choice is: do you walk seven miles to have a child vaccinated, or work? Everyday, brings multiple choices, that we can 'dodge' (usually) in the developed nations.
The 'science of hope' lives through information. On this blog, in a quest for holistic, integrated (physical, mental, social, political, pastoral) care I have written of the need to attend to 'holistic bandwidth'. In our assessments and evaluations do we consider all the factors? Coates and MacMillan provide a gift:
"Mullainathan and Shafir call this the 'present-day cognitive load of making ends meet,' and it is especially acute for those living in ultra-poverty" (p.45).
I like also the way 'cognitive load' is utilised here as in technology enhanced learning, human-computer interfaces and web design. There is a connection too - with studies on parenting and when norms are stressed and the impact on children.
The key of this chapter is "graduation" or "productive inclusion" and breaking out of the poverty trap.
Online and irony intended coaches appear to be two-a-penny. Here a set of interventions includes coaching and the issue of what is the best approach:
It struck me here a synergy with the timed early intervention in psychosis of two-years.
How to prevent relapse and for the ultra-poor how they are post-intervention still poor (p.47).
Studies (inc. London School of Economics - RCT) are explained to compare graduation with unconditional cash transfer. Reading of DIBS - Development Impact Bonds, I thought of Care Impact Bonds, even Social Care? While I make such comparisons, the message is clear that ultra-poverty is qualitatively different from other forms of poverty. Likewise with the use of 'cognitive load' elsewhere - in education: for the ultra-poor this:
"... bears down like a weight too great to lift. Poverty is, at heart, a deprivation of one's capacity to be fully human - to dream, to plan, to arrange one's imagination to see a better future. The graduation approach offers a way out." (p.55).http://www.brac.net/program/ultra-poor-graduation/
I note the science of hope is still emerging.
| My choices of the day ... cognitive load ... | information |
| social infrastructure social capital |
Homi Kharas, John W. McArthur and Izumi Ohno, (Eds.) 2020. Leave No One Behind: Time for Specifics on the Sustainable Development Goals, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
My source:
O'Grady, J. (2021) Think yourself better, Reviews. The Daily Telegraph, 9 January. pp.12-13.
Sellars, J. The Fourfold Remedy, London: Allen Lane / Penguin.
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| Leave No One Behind |
This book is like a favourite CD or LP [that's vinyl ;-) ], every track - chapter - is an ace - no duds. I wanted to start this review with the final chapter, but I'll pick that up in due course (iv?).
The book is structured in three parts:
I don't read horror specifically, so it is not often a book scares me from the get-go; but this one did.
Chapter 1 gets specific on the statistics of LNOB and sustainable development. The numbers make for grim reading and had me wondering how much sense I could make of the book overall from the albeit COVID tainted comfort of Wigan Pier. What stood out was the way the intro chapter set out the stall. Obviously, that's the purpose and while depressed at what was follow from the initial graphs, the structure and cogency provided its own impetus to read. The text is clear and very readable, the data, graphs, notes all have bite. While the SDGs are Sisyphean in nature, the intro is like a snowball that starts from the upper peaks and grows chapter by chapter in meaning and significance.
Obviously, Agenda 2030 looms large, but if you think in first reading of poverty, or to be more specific ultra-poor, income, education, Africa, development and finance you know the agenda to follow then for this community mental health nurse there are insights aplenty.
Chapter 2 combines two central issues in gender equality (by 2030) with 'Women on the Move'. The book draws significance to decade long issues that now constitute a specific SDG - #5 in this case. The book is up-to-date - oozing contemporaneity with #MeToo and background on the cussedness of the root causes of gender inequality. There's common sense too in the need for 'adaptable solutions that are fit for the complexity of the problem'. On first reading about the progress of feminist movements, but more recently experiencing resistance in access to and being able to inhabit civil spaces, this is more 'scary' than a horror story. Reflecting on the 'other' challenges and climate change especially and the role that feminism can play, this retrograde motion could be the stuff of nightmares. The chapter and book, as I will explain, drew my attention to the fact that while I tweet and post here on feminist issues: I am no feminist. The notes provide references and pointers to specific books on feminism. From this book I can see I should read one.
Organizations, such as, BRAC, Camfed, CARE Int. and Oxfam with authors clearly experts from academia and such key players in the field. The balances are not just financial, but a community program on women and girls can potentially prompt a backlash if men and boys and not engaged. I can see further relevance of being able to traverse individual-group, as Matthews and Nunn debate the merits and limitations of individual-based and need for social-based interventions. Yes, I can see how individual-based interventions can be apolitical (and how an axis can invoke several thresholds). To a text on feminism, I must add formal reading on intersectionality too, as the analysis called upon here (box 2.2) to make sense of social and income-based factors.
Several chapters raise the problem of scale, the lack of data, especially what is and can be measured. Without due care, false proxies can be used for measures and more simple interventions may be pursued because they are more easily quantified. This may be insufficient to fully understand the complexity of gender equality. The book is 'dynamic' throughout; with project and service-based action for the individual progressing then to movement-based at the social change level (CARE, 2017, p.31. Gender Equality Framework -- through Individual, Group, Communities to deliver Social Change).
Although in this first review-post I refer to feminism, the treatment in the book is balanced and also essential. I usually equate 'hope' with the intra- interpersonal domain. Of the many sources in this to follow-up, is evidence on the "science of hope" with Coates and MacMillan in chapter 3.
| hope | SCIENCE of HOPE |
Homi Kharas, John W. McArthur and Izumi Ohno, (Eds.) 2020. Leave No One Behind: Time for Specifics on the Sustainable Development Goals, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
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| Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management |
This open access book offers recommendations and examples of how to improve patient safety by changing practices, introducing organizational and technological innovations, and creating effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care systems, in order to spread the quality and patient safety culture among the new generation of healthcare professionals, and is intended for residents and young professionals in different clinical specialties.
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-59403-9#about
My source: HIFA - https://www.hifa.org/
"The complexity of many safety-critical systems makes an a priori analysis of possible system failures and human errors impossible and unreliable. Despite this, it is considered useful to apply this type of healthcare technique to promote reflection among frontline operators before introducing technical or organizational innovation. For example, before introducing a new procedure, it is useful to reflect on the possible, critical aspects of the different phases of the procedure, or, in the case of technological innovation, back-up solutions can be prepared to deal with any malfunctions of the instrument." p.139.
"The role of non-technical skills for patient safety has progressively become more evident through the years and, on this topic, one of the most striking moments of reflection for the healthcare community was Martin Bromiley’s report [10] on the death of his wife in 2005. Fixation errors, absence of planification, teamwork breakdown, poor communication, unclear leadership, lack of situational awareness, and other non-technical aspects of performance in anesthesiology and critical care medicine can negatively impact patient outcome." p.161.
"In other words, HFE [Human Factors and Eronomics] takes a systems approach that acknowledges the importance of context, emergence and holism in elucidating interactions between various system elements and developing this understanding requires being embedded in the system." p.151.
W2tQ: safety
EDITORIAL
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| Special Malaria Issue |
Harriet Akello Pasquale
Director, National Malaria Control Program, National Ministry of Health, Republic of South Sudan
The Ministry of Health of the Republic of South Sudan has just approved an ambitious 5-year National Malaria Strategic Plan 2020-2025 to control and prevent malaria, the third since South Sudan became an independent country in 2011. Read more.
See all articles from Issue 13 5 December 2020
We look forward to receiving manuscripts relevant to health care in
South Sudan from you - remember we can help you prepare these.
Also, encourage colleagues to join the mailing list here, follow us on Twitter @SSMedJournal and find previous SSMJ articles at African Journals Online (AJOL) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).
Kind regards,
The SSMJ team
Email: admin AT southernsudanmedicaljournal.com
"Beyond deep learning
Different researchers have different ideas about how to try to improve things. One idea is to widen the scope, rather than the volume, of what machines are taught. Christopher Manning, of Stanford University's AI Lab, points out that biological brains learn from far richer data-sets than machines. Artificial language models are trained solely on large quantities of text or speech. But a baby, he says, can rely on sounds, tone of voice or tracking what its parents are looking at, as well as a rich physical environment to help it anchor abstract concepts in the real world. This shades into an old idea in AI research called "embodied cognition", which holds that if minds are to understand the world properly, they need to be fully embodied in it, not confined to an abstracted existence as pulses of electricity in a data-centre.
Steeper than expected Biology offers other ideas, too. Dr Brooks argues that the current generation of AI researchers "fetishise" models that begin as blank slates, with no hand-crafted hints built in by their creators. But "all animals are born with structure in their brains," he says. 'That's where you get instincts from.'" p.11.
The Economist, Technology Quarterly: Artificial intelligence and its limits. The Economist, June 13 2020, 435:9198. [and image source].
'Deep and Broad' - as required.
| INTRA- INTERPERSONAL domain | SCIENCES domain |
SOCIOLOGY - CULTURE domain |
Fawcett, J. (1984). Analysis and evaluation of conceptual models of nursing. Philadelphia: Davis.
My source:
Personal notes c. 1988.
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| https://www.archimedes-lab.com/wp/2019/05/04/pascals-theorem/ |
... while listening to the New Year's Day Concert ...
HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL!
BE SAFE, WELL
WISHES FOR HEALTH, PEACE & LOVE
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| Brian E. Hodges - c/o Brian's family. |
Born in Liverpool, UK.
Community Mental Health Nurse NHS, Part-time Lecturer,
Researcher Nursing & Technology Enhanced Learning
Registered Nurse - Mental Health & General
Community Psychiatric Nursing (Cert.) MMU
PG Cert. Ed.
BA(Joint Hons.) Computing and Philosophy - BIHE - Bolton
PG(Dip.) Collaboration on Psychosocial Education [COPE] Univ. Man.
MRES. e-Research and Technology Enhanced Learning, Lancaster Univ.
Live and work in NW England - seeking a global perspective.
The views expressed on W2tQ are entirely my own, unless stated otherwise.
Comments are disabled.
If you would like to get in touch please e-mail me at h2cmng AT yahoo.co.uk
orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-8965
