Glossaries - calques, standards and what is, or can be canonical?

Post Marrakech and WCCS26 I'm still contemplating on matters 'complex' and 'complexity', across complex systems and complex care. We humans (and this one in-particular) have a penchant for compunding complexity, adding complications. Our languages are a case in point. 

As the conference demonstrated mathematical is central to the discovery of chaotic and complex systems. Maths itself preempted the discovery of the Lorenz System, and the Mandelbrot Set.

Efforts to look at Hodges' model mathematically has resulted in a small draft comparative glossary (4-5 terms). In addition to the history of chemistry and its adaptation of mathematical symbols, I soon came across complex numbers, complex dynamics, complex mathematics (don't worry I know my limits). But, symplectic geometry! What is that?

Apparently, 'The term "symplectic" is a calque of "complex" introduced by Hermann Weyl in 1939.'
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplectic).

So, over decades of ward meetings, reviews, care plans it was symplectic patients, symplectic care and situations all the time? Where am I heading with this? Probably nowhere in particular. There's still the risk of a meeting c/o gravity with the floor. I've been fascinated with the way words such as design and architecture are conjoined and added to things that do not qualify, at least from the purists perspective. This is joy of languages, they change constantly. 

Familiar with 'standard' in the clinical and informatics sense; 'canonical (form)' has come up within maths. It occurs in health too:

Graham, M., Winter, A. K., Ferrari, M., Grenfell, B., Moss, W. J., Azman, A. S., Metcalf, C. J. E., & Lessler, J. (2019). Measles and the canonical path to elimination. Science, 364(6440), 584–587. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26649426 

Sepehri, A. (2015). A Critique of Grossman’s Canonical Model of Health Capital. International Journal of Health Services, 45(4), 762–778. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45140527

Lee, H.-S., Paik, M. C., & Lee, J. H. (2009). Estimating a Multivariate Familial Correlation Using Joint Models for Canonical Correlations: Application to Memory Score Analysis from Familial Hispanic Alzheimer’s Disease Study. Biometrics, 65(2), 463–469. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25502307 

Voit, E. O. (2000). Canonical Modeling: Review of Concepts with Emphasis on Environmental Health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, 895–909. https://doi.org/10.2307/3454323 

 

Goddu, A. (1985). The Effect of Canonical Prohibitions on the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Paris in the Middle Ages. Medizinhistorisches Journal, 20(4), 342–362. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25803849

 In drawing up a glossary, and starting with a blank sheet (that is not Hodges' model) this is all worth consideration. Could Hodges' model find a place as a canonical form - even clinically?

Learn your lines and the hyperplane will follow i

Take an empty [rectangular] space (A4 paper in landscape)

Blank! Isn't it?

Take a line. Yes, call it that.

Divide the space vertically, and equally, in two. 

Do this again but horizontally.

You can call these lines, partitions if you wish?

Or, as per adopted convention here, axes.

Now, there are four empty spaces.

These spaces can be called quadrants, planes, or domains. The latter term usually adopted here.

Labels can be decided, and assigned to the axes and the resulting domains.

Given a purpose, in practice (initially) the 'empty' spaces have the ability to assign significance to what may be placed within them.

Such decisions are non-trivial, in the sense that context and situation determine what follows, influenced by objective and subjective considerations.

The domains can contain concepts, or keywords with decisions driven by categorical reasoning.

The content of the domains can also be viewed as classes and sub-classes.

ii to follow (with revision here?)

Come on Healthcare: catch up will you!

Within philosophy it is recognised that Immanuel Kant provided a means by which the rationalists and empricists can be reconciled. Some background:

In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge"[1] or "the position that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge",[2] often in contrast to other possible sources of knowledge such as faith, tradition, or sensory experience. More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive".[3]  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalism

In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence.[1] It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism. Empiricists argue that empiricism is a more reliable method of finding the truth than purely using logical reasoning, because humans have cognitive biases and limitations which lead to errors of judgement.[2] Empiricism emphasizes the central role of empirical evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas or traditions.[3] Empiricists may argue that traditions (or customs) arise due to relations of previous sensory experiences.[4]

Historically, empiricism was associated with the "blank slate" concept (tabula rasa), according to which the human mind is "blank" at birth and develops its thoughts only through later experience.[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism

If health and social care, must be evidence-based, then as far as Hodges' model is concerned we are then duty-bound to use the most readily available 'evidence' to us, including (while taking liberties?):

• The structure of national health and social care organisations (NHS, DHSS ...)
• Physical infrastructure
• Human Resources Organisation
• Unions and Labour relations
• Texbooks, journal papers, conferences
• Organisational structures from the regional to the local
• Professional bodies and governance of licensing/registration
• Curricula that students follow^
  
• Models, frameworks, teaching and learning tools and methods
• Data, statistics, information and reporting (national, international)
• Research projects ongoing (whatever scale, methods, methodology)
• Accounts from lived experience of patients, carers and public (^and students)
• Policy
• Funding
• Law relating to Health and Social Care
• Public (Mental) Health? Discuss
• Media (Social) Control, Advertising
• . . .
  

Hodges' model: Structure and Content

Using this evidence, we still see the Cartesian divide, the mind-body distinction writ large in health and social care. The continuing impact is evident in theory, practice, (hence) lived experience, policy and managment. Since its creation in the 1980s, Hodges' model mirrors (literally) this philosophical, epistemological and ontological legacy, thereby acknowledging the ancient history of medicine, and 'modern' development of healthcare and nursing. Through this device, Hodges' model can facilitate debate, critique, reflection, and critical thinking; to encourage progress in our thought, motivations, action and subsequent evaluation.

This explains the structure of Hodges' model and predicts the range (contextual signature) of content when the model is applied.

Evidence permitting of course!

See also: BBC The Great Philosophers:

Series 1: 4. Descartes

Series 1: 5. Spinoza and Leibniz

Series 1: 8. Kant

n.b. I video taped this marvellous series when first screened. When studying for my BA(Hons), audio taped, they also provided a great learning resource in the car. The programmes are on BBC 4 (UK) once again, but are readily accessible.

'Common Knowledge' c/o Steven Pinker

Steven Pinker's latest book When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows...: 

is subtitled: Common Knowledge and the Mysteries of Money, Power, and Everyday Life.

It is 'common knowledge' that caught my attention. In health care we seek common knowledge on several levels:

person (patient, client) 🠜🠞 healthcare practitioner (whatever their training)
carer - guardian  🠜🠞  healthcare practitioner
person / carer  🠜🠞 team

If we think about the referral processes, interfaces, gateways that people have to negotiate on their way to the above, you see how hard-won common knowledge is.

Critically, the knowledge may be 'common' but how accurate is it?

For the team common knowledge is essential to ensure safety, understanding and continually assessing risk.

In healthcare (and education) for person-centredness we take note of what data is available, but simultaneously begin with a blank sheet. ...

Individual

|

      INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC =========================  MECHANISTIC      

 SOCIOLOGY  :    POLITICAL 

|

Group

When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows:

'Sometimes, though, private knowledge can no longer be contained even if it is desirable; sometimes something is so evident that it does not even need words to express it. The presidential debate brings to mind a joke Pinker tells about a man in the Soviet Union arrested by the KGB for handing out leaflets, which turn out to be blank sheets of paper. "What is the meaning of this?" they demand. The man replies, "What is there to write? It's so obvious!"' Kelly, p.9.

Pinker, S. (2025). When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows...: Common Knowledge and the Mysteries of Money, Power, and Everyday Life. New York, NY: Scribner.

My source: Jemima Kelly, Life&Arts, FTWeekend, 20/21 September 2025. p.9; and BBC Radio 4 Start the Week - https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002k37y

Image source: https://stevenpinker.com/

Previously: 'blank' : '2+2=?' : 'Book: Love's Labour by Stephen Grosz'

The 'animal' in Hodges' model ii

The two pairs of eyes in Hodges' model are provided through the model's two axes

HORIZONTALLY: the humanistic and mechanistic.

VERTICALLY: the individual and the group.

Hodges' model: Axes & Domains
Structure AND Content :: Fight OR Flight

Before delving into this though, let's revisit the model as a template.

Structure aside, Hodges' model acts as a conceptual blank sheet. Overall, the model is also an aide-mémoire. It can prompt us to 'where' we've been, where we need to go in our data gathering, assessment, planning, interventions, evaluations: personal history, family, work and leisure. In an interview how does the patient, client, carer, student ... negotiate the domains of Hodges' model? The model can guide us in what is said, what is omitted - for whatever reason, what is significant within all this; AI-assisted or not.

These two 'horizontal' eyes prompt us to attend to safety, your own, the patient / client and other people in the vicinity. In terms of responding to 'fight', obviously this does not mean you are looking for a fight, but of course you have to be able to defend yourself. Metaphorically, Hodges' model can represent the sword and shield. We are in a fight for justice to secure health services for individuals, families, and the population.

On the side - vision for flight, what is humanistic and mechanistic.

Then, in the vertical axis, there is vision for fighting, for the individual, and the group - population.

In this interplay of person and collective, I'm reminded of Odysseus and the shout "Nobody did it!" (with other sources). It never ceases to amaze, the frequency of this conclusion throughout local, national and global politics?

The individual nightmare of Cyclops; and collective nightmare of the Panopticon.

In mental health nursing you quickly learn about the anatomy^, physiology and psychology of anxiety. Not necessarily simultaneously, but the jig-saw is there to be completed, at least as far as you can as a 1st year student - whatever your health discipline. The pieces that matter (literal keys to action) are provided by the patient, client, carer. ...

In a way it is too late when people are referred to mental health services. Too late for prevention, but given the incoherence between:

• health systems (as usually found & founded)
• government policy -
• state of nutrition - food
• advertising of foods, beverages
• life style choices
• education - health literacy
• individual
• family
• community
• national (curricula)
• NHS? National Health Illness/Disease Service

- this isn't a surprise.

Whatever an individual's sensory capacities and abilities we need to do better. With tools to facilitate situational awareness, and realise an individual's and community's potential to learn and prosper.

^Anatomy? How many of us take for granted our limbs are 'there': ready to react?

Previously: The 'animal' in Hodges' model i

Original source - prompt:
Doniger, Wendy. The Rise and Fall of Warhorses. The New York Review of Books. April 10, 2025. Volume LXXII, Number 6. pp.17-19.

Joint-carving - 'The First Cut is the Deepest' c/o Traldi

Last Friday I joined in another online session of the Argumentation network c/o Andrew Aberdein and Kat Stevens. 

The subject was “The Epistemology and Politics of Redefinition” by Oliver Traldi.

As ever, it was interesting, technical, relevant and a prompt to concepts new, briefly encountered previously. I can't remember if in the talk, or Q&A, but mention was made of 'joint-carving' but I checked some sources:

'Because properties are so abundant, they are undiscriminating. Any two things share infinitely many properties, and fail to share infinitely many others. That is so whether the two things are perfect duplicates or utterly dissimilar. Thus properties do nothing to capture facts of resemblance. That is work more suited to the sparse universals. Likewise, properties do nothing to capture the causal powers of things. Almost all properties are causally irrelevant, and there is nothing to make the relevant ones stand out from the crowd. Properties carve reality at the joints -- and everywhere else as well. If it's distinctions we want, too much structure is no better than none.' p.346.

Lewis, D. 1983. New Work for a Theory of Universals, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 61(4): 343–377. doi:10.1080/00048408312341131

'Though the facts or truths that the realist judges mind-independent are most commonly put in terms of a kind’s ‘naturalness’ (or lack thereof), they may be formulated in alternative locutions, such as the ‘reality,’ ‘non-reality,’ or ‘artificiality’ of a kind or kinds. For example, that human races are not real, or that protons form a natural kind, both express such facts. Equivalently, Plato’s famous carving metaphor may be used to do so, as when it is asserted that the classifications of the DSM-5 do not carve nature at the joints. For the sake of expository simplicity I will exclusively use the language of ‘naturalness’ here, but translations into alternative terminology are straightforward.'

Franklin-Hall, L. 2015. Natural kinds as categorical bottlenecks. Philosophical Studies 172 (4):925-948.

Further, Sass writes:

'The goal is to have a consistent and informative test for what counts

as a realist versus an anti-realist view about natural kinds. Bird’s(2018) taxonomy,

building on Hawley and Bird(2011), focuses on the questions of whether natural

kinds exist, and if so, what sort of entity kinds are. Franklin-Hall’s (2015) taxonomy

focuses instead on whether kinds are individuated by a mind-independent principle,

or whether kinds “carve at the joints”.1 This paper focuses mainly on the issues raised

by Bird’s (2018) taxonomy.' p.11862.

Sass, R. 2021. An ontology of weak entity realism for HPC kinds. Synthese, 198(12), 11861–11880. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48692794 [ homeostatic property cluster (HPC) theories of kinds ].

In the past, I've written about the (nursing, IT, psychological...) models muddle. At the risk of adding to my muddle, Traldi's presentation is a timely prompt. Timely, because trying to looking at Hodges' model as a mathematical object, it needs to be stripped down to its bare components (and purposes?). Is redefinition the order of the day? I will leave defining the components to one-side at present (in drafted notes). But even from Hodges' model as a template, with its (two) axes and (four) domains we can (must) consider:

1. The two axes taken as a whole - do they intersect, or not?*

Relationally, the axis between:

INTERPERSONAL | SCIENCES

SOCIOLOGY | POLITICAL

INTERPERSONAL - SOCIOLOGY

SCIENCES - POLITICAL

2. Each axis (treated independently) to the centre of Hodges' model. (See 1.)

The conjoining of axes (do they?):

The INDIVIDUAL - HUMANISTIC and INDIVIDUAL - MECHANISTIC.

The HUMANISTIC - GROUP and GROUP - MECHANISTIC.

                                

Hodges' model

I won't continue now, but I have wondered if one axis is primary? Which one comes first? Faced with a blank piece of paper, or flipchart ... which axis gets drawn first?

In guided discovery workshops, teaching sessions I have been directed by the context and duty of care. Given that this is clinical then the I-G is where I start, or lead the discussion.

Perhaps, (as per the previous post) there is a safety dividend in having to consider this question more formally (forcibly)?

I remember Rod Stewart's rendition of  'The First Cut is the Deepest' - even as governments work to make this cut as shallow as possible.

The INDIVIDUAL - GROUP cut: has it every time.

Previously: 'argumentation'

The mask ...

'I will speak from my experience with Balinese masks, but I have to go back one step before that. One of the first, knockout exercises that you can do with actors, which is used in lots of theatre schools where they use masks, is putting a plain, blank, white mask on someone. The moment you take someone's face away in that way, it's the most electrifying impression: suddenly to find oneself knowing that that thing one lives with, and which one knows is transmitting something all the time, is no longer there. It's the most extraordinary sense of liberation.

This is one of those great exercises that whoever does it for the first time counts as a great moment: suddenly to find oneself immediately for a certain time liberated from one's own subjectivity. And the awakening of a body awareness is immediately there with it, irresistibly; so that if you want to make an actor aware of his body, instead of explaining it to him and saying, "You have a body and you need to be aware of it," just put bit of white paper on his face and say, "Now look around." He can't fail to be instantly aware of everything he normally forgets, because all the attention has been released from this great magnet up top.' p.219

self

|

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES              

humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL   

|

other

Brook, P. (1989). The Shifting Point. London, UK: Methuen. pb.

Secondhand from Reid's, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, this book was already 'musty'. On October 18th it got 'wet' in a downpour from Sorrento to Capri and back. It smelt even more historic afterwards. It still provided great reading though! I noticed in a new pb edition the images were not included.  https://reidofliverpool.co.uk/

THE GRID by Eli Payne Mandel

individual

|

INTERPERSONAL : SCIENCES

humanistic ------------------------------- mechanistic

SOCIOLOGY : POLITICAL

|

group

[125] 'Therefore, a mathematician babbles when he refers to cutting a given line in two. The actual line that he shows to us on the abacus has length and width. But the line he has in mind is a stroke with length and no width. What is drawn on the abacus cannot be such a stroke, and he who goes about cutting it cuts not the line that is but the line that is not.' (Sextus Empiricus, Against the Mathematicians 9.282) (n.b. The above is printed upside-down on the page.) Scatter the trace of the vessel from the ash. Pythagoras here is riddling about confusion and mental cloudiness, for if one wants to do philosophy one must pass over physical and sensible demonstration in favor of abstract argumentation. The ash is analogous to the dust on the abacus in which diagrams are delimited and proofs brought to an end.  (Iamblichus, Exhortation to Philosophy 34)' p.55

'[1] In ancient Greek, an abacus is a sand table. 'The abacist draws lines and maybe moves pebbles around the lines. When done, she wipes the sand blank.  [2] A board or slab for drawing, computation, games; a cutting board. Technical term, likely to be a loanword, but conjectured origin in Hebrew abãq "dust" remains unproven. --  Pierre Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue greque.' p.10.

'[122] The abacus computes and it erases. It tells a life. Then gambles it away. Achilles and Ajax sit down to play a game of dice. They have hung up their shields. They lean on their spears. They are tired. The Anatolian air is cold off the water. Attendants wrap them each in wool cloaks thick with eight-pointed stars. The stars wander along eddies and meanders. The only straight lines are servants of error. Their fingers are on the abacus, but Achilles and Ajax do not play, do not speak, lost in the maze of their cloaks. [124] The first reference in Western literature to written language is in the Iliad. An unsuspecting  man in a story is carrying semata lygra / grapsas en pinaki ptukto thymophthora polla: baleful signs written on a folded tablet, utterly soul-  destroying. The words, which some scholars conjecture to be Linear B, spell out the man's death, and the reader murders  the unreading man. After the murder, Death Wipes the tablet  blank and folds it back again.' p.54.

'[3] Because dust blows away and only the slab remains, an abacus is also the part of a column in immediate contact with what it supports. If that structure no longer survives, the abacus upholds the edifice of the sky.' p.10.

THE GRID by Eli Payne Mandel, Carcanet Press. 2023.

https://www.elipmandel.com/

Previously on W2tQ (with overlap):

arts :: drama :: poetry :: literature :: narrative

Book review iii. General Psychotherapy: Principles and Common Theoretical Aspects - Rediscovering Humanity

   General Psychotherapy

In chapter 3 neurophysiological development is explored and epigenetic influences (3.2). For a decade or so I've highlighted to students the need for them to be aware of 'omics' which will clearly impact their future careers and subsequent learning. This is detailed also outlining limbic development, through to cognitive-linguistic functioning; and not just learning but forgetting. It is easy to take the self for granted, but here is a description of a self in formation, the neocortex, imagination and role of the pineal gland. Biological radiation of living beings (there is a error in the heading I believe*) is fascinating for reasons already acknowledged. Then it is as if time begins and psychological development can begin (life chances permitting). From the author's practice two cycles are illustrated - growth and transformation drawing on Gestalt thought and all referenced. 

Ever since reading on Goethe's part-whole thought I've been aware of mereology. Chapter 3 also examines intrapsychic and social space in respect of part-whole relationships. I'm continuing this journey so it helpful to find the distinction here also.

"According to the resonance principle, identification with key partial aspects can very quickly lead to an unresolved, formative core conflict. In an individual setting, empty chairs or symbolic locations may serve as backdrops for projection. Distance, posture and line of vision are highly relevant in this regard. In a group setting, forms of constellation work with representatives may be more helpful." p.155.

The book's philosophical content is well realised, fused with history and the development of psychology and neurosciences. Plato's cave is explained and related to tabula rasa: the blank slate (3.6.3). I feel I'm in Plato's cave in trying to look at Hodges' model as a mathematical object. There is encouragement too in Hartmann-Kottek identifying the role of blank slate. Hodges' model is also about forgetting, unconditional positive regard hence a blank slate. Chapter 3 concentrates on approaches to explain our development and personality, quantum-theoretic, Far-Eastern traditions, and Western working towards how we achieve coherence as an integral individual, building and relying on inner and external social and interpersonal resources (Fig. 3.4: Tower of consciousness. p.212.). Energy a key in this part of the book, is summarised in a further figure on background dimensions - combining two-axes of Whole-Parts and Space-time - Spaces of possibilities (p.222).

Chapter 4 is a welcome discussion of systems, interspaces, self, communication again through a cultural lens. Chapter 5 would benefit all healthcare students - an understanding of health and illness. While not tackled here - how we integrate and simultaneously address both requirements in service delivery is the challenge of 21st Century health provision? This is higher level from the outset: Attempts at Classification (5.1). While a  traditional book, reading had an immersive feel for me (with many posts on W2tQ): Diagnostic tools, 2-sided understanding of health and illness, the diagnostic, therapeutic (always kept in sight) reversal of symptoms, fields of tension and resources at various stages of development.

For readers looking for actual therapies, chapter 6 is the practical center of the text. The current state of psychotherapy is likened to the blind people trying to find an elephant in the dark. 'Many paths' in a subtitle is welcome, almost suggesting there is scope for all approaches and perhaps they can meet 'somewhere'? Motivations and politicisation aside, the variety of psychotherapeutic are indeed a treasure. They are listed, comprehensively as far as I can see, including many new to me. They are further sub-divided and considered: clusters through time, behavioural, then considered as per depth and effect levels, verbal - non-verbal, emotions, breathing and meditation, variations in consciousness. 

I've considered blind-spots before and highlight Hodges' model as having a role in situational awareness - hence safety and care assurance. Hartmann-Kottek remains grounded in how blind-spots can affect therapists and patients - individually and in alliances. The therapeutic relationship, transference and countertransference are emphasised once again. Compassion too - as part of a credible relationship - with selective authenticity. Technical points are raised too, the use of counterpart in Gestalt therapy. Some 40 pages of chapter 6 are very practical, with exercises and examples of conversations between patient and therapist to illustrate specific approaches and situations. This is far from a specific therapy manual but there is this quality to the content.

 

 'I' - 'Individual' 'SELF' 'Patient' 'Client'

  |

    INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

dyad / couple  family  GROUP community population

psycho- symbolic personal meaning emotion lived experience emotional distance	-somatic

*Living near Manchester in NW England, the city's symbol is a bee (industry..). It appears in the text that 'Being' has become 'Beeing' in some instances - so an extra homely feel here.

Many thanks to Prof. Hartmann-Kottek and Springer for the review copy.

One more post to follow.

Hartmann-Kottek, L. (2022). General Psychotherapy, Principles and Common Theoretical Aspects - Rediscovering Humanity. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87466-7

Empty chair image:
https://www.mentalhelp.net/blogs/gestalt-therapy-the-empty-chair-technique/

Two abstracts for 2024 inc. Philosophy at Play Conference

This month, in addition to an abstract for:

MYTH, RITUAL AND PRACTICE FOR THE AGE OF ECOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/2023/09/myth-ritual-env-religion.html

- there is an invitation to submit a paper abstract for:

The sixth Philosophy at Play Conference will be hosted by the Faculty of Education at the Complutense University in Madrid on June 3-5, 2024

No one likes to waste time^, but whether or not these abstracts are accepted, the thought and effort will extend my thinking and application of Hodges' model. Beyond initial thoughts below, I need to check on the key issues in the philosophy of play:

INDIVIDUAL

|

     INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

play therapy (distraction ...) being outdoors: psychological impact of green symbolic play mental games - play intellectual skill, creativity imagination in play individual play child - verbalisation cognitive and character development - morality, personal ethics 'illness' norms - anhedonic addictive quality of gaming role of advertising play theology - utopia

play senses, kinaesthetics, embodiment accessibility information at play: uncertainty, bluff, prediction - movement, strategy functional play - toys/objects activities - performance space: arena, field, theatre games / sport - physical contest gaming as work / effort / energy gaming as tech/software simulation gaming 'in' Virtual Reality (tech's role in disrupting (idealised?) play? Games/Gaming as rules/process quantitative research - evidence

social inclusion/exclusion sociology of play (and in arts) socialisation language: "= playing field" role play :: fancy dress socio-cultural dimensions - history traditional play/games social behaviour, status, participation turn-taking, stigma (cheating) sports etiqette, 'fair play' team games (team building - work) Serres - Myth, History Harlequin - mischief

politics of play studies: oppression, marginalisation, erasure, vulnerable groups, exploitation* 'export' of games hegenomy, hierarchies software colonialism (Africa)** debates: guns in play, weapons, 'shoot em up' FROM: child's-play TO: gamesmanship whose rules, control of space? governance & politics of play economies of play 'A nation at play' media - controls - consumerism, advertising gambling THEOLOGY

*An example - previously:

Loot boxes: GET YOURS TODAY!

^Since posting: I realise that 'neutrality' in play (studies) and the call here appears an important concept. Clinically, Hodges' model can literally reflect unconditional positive regard, as a template the model provides a 'blank slate'; as long as we are being authentic and not 'playing games'.

In terms of this conference, can Hodges' model act as a referee - by providing a neutral space? It would appear so, but this is quickly challenged - if not illusory.

That neutrality is lost in the blink of an eye - shattered even, by a twist, a step of a foot. A shift from the nexus, center of the model - the neutrality is comprised. All of a sudden the observer is forced to play. Or at least there is an invitation to contextualize; psychologically, physically, socially, politically or spiritually.

A game to play in itself?

**c/o Bytes for All mailing list:

"Software colonialism is killing Africa" - Neville Roy Singham  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsKcQsfCDg8

BBC - Software Development in Africa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeDSLX8KFE0

"Models, Theories and Concepts" c/o Smith (1994). Plus ça change ...

"Whilst the impracticality of unified approaches has been noted for some time (McFarlane, 1976), it is still considered that many theories, in their efforts to explain everything, succeed only in explaining nothing (Draper, 1990). Therefore, as Kenny (1992) points out, the use of theories and models in nursing has resulted in sweeping generalizations which 'are not always personally, culturally or contextually appropriate'.

In overcoming this difficulty many authors advocate that theories of lesser scope and abstraction are considered (McFarlane, 1976; Clarke, 1986; Draper, 1990; Moore, 1990; Ingram, 1991; Reid & Bond, 1991). Such theories have been termed 'mid-range' and address a more limited number of variables in particular situations (scope), whilst being empirically grounded and focusing on practical problems (abstraction) (Rogers & Shoemaker, 1971; Walker & Avant, 1983; Fawcett, 1984; Lowenberg, 1984). According to Clarke (1986), mid-range theories should appeal to practitioners as being more directly accessible conceptually and linguistically. Reed & Robinson (1991) contend that, given the diversity of nursing practice, the search for grand theory is inappropriate and nursing would be better served by developing mid-range theories that are 'more precisely stated, more easily treated and produce more specific indications for practice'." pp. 59-60.

Smith, J.P. (1994) Advanced Nursing Series - Models, Theories and Concepts. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

While the structure of Hodges' model is global - 'grand' in scope, the model, as a template is blank and open to whatever conceptual content follows in the practice situation, or context. 'Precision' can be assured using Hodges' model as it can facilitate person-centred care, integrated care, reflection, critical thinking and conceptual development. 

Delivery of high-quality health care is not a given. 

Safe, effective and equitable care is variously dependent upon staffing, the skills and attitudes of individual nurses, staff numbers, skill-mix, team effectiveness and resource allocation. Hodges' model can also assist users to recognise and call-out unmet needs, deficits in the quality of care, and risks to the safety of patients, the public, staff and the profession.

At risk of sounding grand if not grandiose ...

Change will and must follow - in respect of models and theories, not just of and for nursing but health and care at scale.

ERCIM News No. 132 Special theme: "Cognitive AI and Cobots"

Dear ERCIM News reader,

ERCIM News No. 132 has just been published. This issue features a special theme "Cognitive AI and Cobots" showcasing remarkable achievements from research teams in Europe.  

This special theme was coordinated by our guest editors Theodore Patkos (ICS-FORTH) and Zsolt Viharos (SZTAKI).

Thank you for your interest in ERCIM News. Please forward this message to anyone who might be interested. We also appreciate you following and talking about us on Twitter @ercim_news and other social media.

[ Includes:

Cognitive Mimetics and Human Digital Twins – Towards Holistic AI Design
by Antero Karvonen (VTT) and Pertti Saariluoma (Jyväskylä University). p.17.

"Industry is just one example. AI will gradually change the way
people live and work and how society operates. Therefore, it
makes sense to develop AI design as a holistic process in
which social and technical aspects of intelligent technologies
can be simultaneously considered. Such new design practice
can be called holistic AI design. Cognitive mimetics and HDTs
provide key elements in such AI design." p.18.*

Cognitive Machine Argumentation
by Antonis Kakas (University of Cyprus). p.21.

Personalisation of Humanoid Robots: Serious Games for Older Adults Based on Biographical
Memories
by Benedetta Catricalà, Marco Manca, Fabio Paternò, Carmen Santoro and Eleonora Zedda (ISTI-CNR). p.28.

Food Waste Reduction in Healthcare – Challenges in Integrating Usage Data with Scorings
by Johann Steszgal (Steszgal Informationstechnologie GmbH), Peter Kieseberg (St. Pölten UAS) and, Andreas Holzinger (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna). p.37.
Additional note PJ ]

Next issue:
No. 133,  April 2023
Special Theme: "Data infrastructures and management". Submissions are welcome!

---

About ERCIM

ERCIM - the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics - aims to foster collaborative work within the European research community and to increase co-operation with European industry. Leading European research institutes are members of ERCIM. ERCIM is the European host of W3C.

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*Hodges' model is ideal for initial scoping, planning, and holistic assurance throughout research, study processes and (case) formulation. The model provides ready-to-mind access to conceptual inter- multi- transdisciplinary bridges (even as we struggle to define the latter), e.g. socio-technical. 

Immediately preceding the above quotation, Karvonen and Saariluoma write:

"Arriving at this point via the cognitive mimetic route yields a deep and rich picture of human-technology co-agency in industrial processes." p.17.

A 'rich picture' (Checkland) is a feasible output of Hodges' model (extending Karvonen and Saariluoma's context). Clinically, this might comprise a 'comprehensive' assessment, or case formulation. It is bounded, guided by being situated, while the clinician's experience and patient's is built up across several encounters (appointments/home visits...). Unpopulated, initially (please see the template in the sidebar) the model serves as an aide-mémoire, an inner critical friend, helping to sustain values, and person-centredness. At a one-to-one(-group) level  integrated care, that is, parity of esteem across physical and mental health, a professional attitude and disposition to practise through unconditional positive regard remain key competencies. Each contact can act as its own 'reset', another blank sheet/slate: what can we learn together on this occasion? In some contexts this 'pause' can assist in risk management and safety - ensuring that the rich picture, and the knowledge gained thus far, does not mean things are taken for granted.

Creative symbols ...

 INDIVIDUAL
|

 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

!

"One group of protestors printed the Friedmann equation, which governs the expansion of the universe - the name sounds like the words "freed man". Another protestor held up an exclamation mark on a red background: the sign on WeChat when a message can't be delivered." p.23.

 

My source:
World, Evading censors. The creative symbols of dissent, The Guardian, 30 November 2022, p.23.

Image: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/fried.html

Hodges' model as a template: blank 'paper'.

Designing for Changing Values (Event & Journal CfP)

I learned of the following research project via

Philos-L "The Liverpool List" Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool
[ https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/philosophy/philos-l/ @PhilosL ]

- with news of a call for papers:

CFP: Corpus Analysis, Conceptual Change, and Socially Disruptive Technologies

Hodges' model is ideally to suited to critique of systems and socio-technical dimensions as previously described:

Jones, P. (2009) Socio-Technical Structures, the Scope of Informatics and Hodges’ model, IN, Staudinger, R., Ostermann, H., Bettina Staudinger, B. (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Nursing Informatics and Socio-Technical Structures, Idea Group Publishing, Inc. Chap. 11, pp. 160-174.

Plus, there are many posts tagged 'socio-technical' - hyphenated to emphasize the inter- multi- trans-disciplinary bridges that the model provides (some posts are also tagged 'sociotechnical').

The research project Designing for Changing Values provides encouragement here for the increasing relevance of Hodges' model:

How to Deal with Value Change in Sociotechnical System Design

"Not value neutral

A key insight from philosophy of technology is that technological artifacts and sociotechnical systems are not value neutral, but support or inhibit certain values. Several philosophical accounts for understanding the embedding of values in technological artifacts have been proposed and approaches like Value Sensitive Design, Design for Values and Responsible Innovation have been established for integrating values into technical design.

A theoretical blind spot

A blind spot is, however, the possibility of value change after a sociotechnical system has been designed. For example, when many of our current energy and transportation systems were designed sustainability was not yet a central value, and we are now struggling to incorporate this value into these systems. Progress in the field is currently inhibited by the lack of a philosophical theory of value change in sociotechnical systems.

Better design strategies

This project fills the gap by developing such a theory. It moves beyond the state of the art by proposing a dynamic rather than a static account of values, by developing insights in the dynamics of value change, by extending analysis about the embedding of values in technical artefacts to sociotechnical systems and by developing design strategies that aim at designing sociotechnical systems that can better deal with value change."

https://www.valuechange.eu/

I do wonder about the subjective-objective and qualitative-quantitative 'metrics' of value and values (and other metrics - change, complexity, emergence). In human and mechanistic terms there are marked differences too between value and values. Values are, should, must be, embedded in individual nurses and hence the domains of Hodges' model. This is how (in part) the model supports reflection, and critical thinking.

No surprise then being created for practice, Hodges' model is dynamic. The model can help capture and present an ongoing sequence of frames. Where were we? Where are we going? How have things changed? (This is

Hodges' model prompted the thought of 'holistic bandwidth', the call for papers on corpus analysis seeks examples of formal work. The model, initially blank provides a conceptual framework upon which to capture a conceptually situated corpus. The structure of Hodges' model is a foundation for a relational ontology that draws upon semantic distance between the model's two axes (as per the table below):

INDIVIDUAL <-> GROUP 

HUMANISTIC <-> MECHANISTIC

Not just that but the synonyms that may apply. So for 'individual': person, patient, client, self, client, 'I', 'me', Peter, Chi, student, teacher and whatever role is applicable. This point is vital as there is a potential and workflow that runs from:

1. Neutral, blank, non-judgemental (the model as a template): the content - empty, null state.

2. The model's essential structure.

With a potential for conceptual explosion - from a basic (very simplistic) inherent corpus, to one that is explicit:

3. A response to a situation, a context.

4. That then changes according to events, aims, objectives, strategies, philosophical perspective (recovery, strengths, self-care), policy emphasis ...

In health and social care as suggested above we would hope that the model is employed to shift from the general to the specific - person-centred approach.

 INDIVIDUAL
|

 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

value(S)	VALUE(S)
value(s)	VALUE(S)

This conceptual framework is not limited to strategy either, but can also encompass deliberation on operational and tactical concerns.


See also:

Soc. Philosophy & Technology Conf: Charleston, S.C. 8-11 July 2007

20/20 vision minus 1, 2, or 4 blind spots....

'corpus'

Jones, P. (2012). Exploring several dimensions of local, global and glocal using the generic conceptual framework Hodges's model. The Journal Of Community Informatics. 8(3). Retrieved from https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/JoCI/article/view/3034

Jones P. Exploring the relationship of threshold concepts and Hodges’ model of care from the individual to populations and global health. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(3): 1697-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i3.464

The Longitude and Latitude of Care ...

... and what lies between

As I continue to reflect upon Hodges' model (PROCESS 0 : 4 DOMAINS and other posts) I can see two influences on what it contains and how it works practically and more formally - what logic(s) might apply? The first is the binary state of: blank template, or empty set. The other is initiated when we start to populate the model with care concepts. Whether '0' or '1' the situation - context of the clinical encounter, has a bearing on both. Imagine, a student armed with an explanation of Hodges' model - having just 'created' the model through a seminar (Socratic dialogue); then, presented with a blank template they are ready to begin, while they listen to their mentor and a patient/client/carer? Alternately, a qualified practitioner examines their previous 'notes', with a patient, evaluating progress.

Imagination aside, I'm wondering (as ever!) about the what, how and why of the significance implied in placing concepts x,y, and z. What is the justification, if any, beyond seeking to assure person-centred, integrated, safe and high quality care? Restating the question, when concepts are placed in the 'INDIVIDUAL' domains what are the relationships between them, the model and the interactions that determined them?

Perhaps, I ask too much of this model? Are there underlying properties that characterise concepts placed in a domain and so distinguish them from others: (INTRA-)INTERPERSONAL - SCIENCES?

The model is acknowledging, incorporates the Cartesian divide: Mind-Body. When I write and advocate that the model supports integrated care, at one point do, can these two domains merge, 'collapse' into one?

 INDIVIDUAL

|

 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

Update on draft papers ;-)

Please excuse the intended irony, as need for an - 'update' could refer to far more than papers.*

Across the life of W2tQ (since April 2006...) there are many posts about papers by other people, papers planned and less frequently work published. 

A paper that started in 2017 has finally been accepted and we (not the Royal variety - which is a critical joy) await the proof. 

I'm really grateful to my co-author who stayed the course on what has been an utter roller-coaster and with COVID too. I look forward to sharing details and hence news of their ongoing research elsewhere - in Europe.

Another paper conceived in March has progressed more rapidly. With the initial draft well received, I'm addressing some revisions from editors, which are straightforward. 

I still need to 'see' these two birds in my hands, to believe: it will be worth it (I think?) to add these to the bibliography, as:

• SDGs are fundamental in global health and reveal the scope and relevance of h2cm;
  
• nutrition is critical in public (mental) health, policy and sustainability;
• there is more to follow from the 'mapping' that is exercised on W2tQ [2x2 HTML tables thus far], in these, and other papers;
• the psychoses constitute a severe mental health condition that can also illustrate the impact on individuals, friends, family and society;
• in health (and social) care we must address parity of esteem in and across theory, practice, management, policy, and research;
  
• how do (research) methods figure in Hodges' model (a mapping approach);
• what does a similar mapping of cardiovascular medicine and nursing reveal?
  

These bibliographical additions may help researchers in health, social care, and other fields find the model. While it is disappointing to find out about papers that reference h2cm 'after the writing' this still counts. It is a reference, not a collaboration! This is very welcome and a key purpose of the blog, and presence - @h2cm - on twitter. 

It would be validating, so 'me' [massaging ego] but it would also be contradictory. 

Hodges' model is simple, isn't it? 

In its basic form, blank and template - it presents virgin territory for the user(s) to overlay with their map according to context.

I'll post again about three remaining drafts papers, one dates back to 2012 (I was full-time then) and one that is in two parts. I've learnt a lot (again) with the two 'nearbies' and will post and list details when able. 

If I can help you, your project - I'd be pleased to do so.

*a website for example!

See also: the blog's bibliography in the sidebar, plus -

'New' citation: "Pratique en milieu de psychiatrie légale: proposition d’un modèle interdisciplinaire."

Memo: Understanding the difference between 'self-care' and 'SELF-CARE'

As we learn in infancy, run into physical structures and it hurts. The presence of structure in this case clearly has impact - not just literally - but globally.

While for me, the model is a constant, I'm constantly surprised by the 'work' that its structure, the two axes - can do from the initial - blank - template (empty set):

 

UK does deal with Nepal to bring in nurses to plug holes in staffing - despite Nepal being on a global red list for recruitment because of its own nurse shortages https://t.co/jSPTQmodLr

— Shaun Lintern (@ShaunLintern) August 23, 2022

 

 INDIVIDUAL

|

 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

HUMANISTIC --------------------------------------  MECHANISTIC      

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

GROUP

self-care 'understanding'	self-care (emphasis [again] on task-oriented care?)
SELF-CARE Social Care	SELF-CARE Code of Practice for International Recruitment 'Red List' NHS Workforce Planning, Recruitment and Retention, Pay, Terms and Conditions Local, National, Global 'jobs' market 'Memorandum of understanding ...' 'Selflessness' [here?]

WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel: Fourth round of reporting:
https://www.who.int/news/item/02-06-2022-who-global-code-of-practice-on-the-international-recruitment-of-health-personnel--fourth-round-of-reporting

Code of practice for the international recruitment of health and social care personnel in England
Updated 22 August 2022:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-for-the-international-recruitment-of-health-and-social-care-personnel/code-of-practice-for-the-international-recruitment-of-health-and-social-care-personnel-in-england

Memorandum of understanding between the UK and Nepal on the recruitment of healthcare workers:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-uk-and-nepal-on-the-recruitment-of-healthcare-workers

Ten-fold increase in nurse recruitment from "red list" countries, RCN:
https://www.rcn.org.uk/news-and-events/Press-Releases/ten-fold-increase-in-nurse-recruitment-from-red-list-countries

c/o HSJ @ShaunLintern

Draft figure: Selected processes and sources that can contribute/influence the content of Hodges' model

This draft figure is intended to ultimately show how the final application of Hodges' model, that is, the selection and placement of concepts in the care (knowledge) domains is not determined by a specific rule, 'law', or theory. The user of the model as a reflective, problem solving agent must justify their 'completed' matrix - addressing the four care domains. This could be a combined effort, with a colleague, fellow student, patient, or carer. 

Being situated the figure should highlight how the final result, output is not only dynamic, changing over time, but it is dependent upon context. Contrast using the model in a seminar, with a nurse and student reflecting on a forthcoming or post a best interests or safeguarding meeting.

The most important point here, across all healthcare, education and other use-cases, is that when applied the user of the model begins with a blank 'sheet' ... template 

Any thoughts welcome. [image updated 18 March 2022].

Draft figure: Selected processes and sources that can contribute/influence the content of Hodges' model

Endurance: Trapped in the ice (and other thoughts ..?)

"'What the ice gets, the ice keeps,'^*

The Agulhas II frozen as fast — and in the same spot — as Endurance was in 1915

GETTY IMAGES

... said Ernest Shackleton of his ship Endurance as he saw it lost to the Antarctic. History came eerily close to repeating itself on Monday when the Endurance 22 expedition, which is searching for Shackleton's lost ship, became stuck in the Weddell Sea. The mission ran into trouble overnight when the SA Agulhas II, a South African icebreaker, became trapped and the temperature plummeted to minus 10C. The historian Dan Snow, who is on the expedition, said it happened on the spot where Shackleton's ship was last seen in 1915.

Unlike Endurance, which sank after months stuck in the ice, modern technology allowed Agulhas II to escape in hours. Its crane held a container full of aviation fuel over the side and swung it back and forth to wriggle the ship free.

It is late summer in Antarctica and winter is coming, meaning the team's time is limited. 'In a few weeks, it all starts freezing up,' said Mensun Bound, the director of exploration. 'In a few days we have to get our tails out of here.'" p.23.

<>

When person-centred, integrated, and holistic care is the mission; care that takes into account physical and mental health, demands additional degrees of freedom to assure success. If we get stuck, by a blank page, or too much information then swinging the axes into thought plus the dichotomies inherent in the health career model, can come to our rescue and facilitate creativity and progress.

     Self - NORTH - Person

|

 INTERPERSONAL    :     SCIENCES               

EAST - HUMANISTIC -----------------------------------  MECHANISTIC - WEST^{^}    

SOCIOLOGY  :   POLITICAL 

|

Community - SOUTH - Population   

 

Previously:

'compass'

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=compass

'line [of sight]'

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=line+of+sight

'south'

https://hodges-model.blogspot.com/search?q=south

My sources:

Image: The Times.

22 February 2022, BBC Radio 4, PM, 1743 Dan Snow interviewed by Evan Davis, Antarctica expedition to discover Endurance.

Plus: Blackburn, J. Shackleton quest stuck in ice that sank Endurance, The Times, 23 February, 2022, p.23. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/endurance-22-nearly-meets-same-fate-as-shackleton-ship-after-becoming-trapped-in-ice-wxmjbtxbk

^* Is climate change going to subvert many timeless quotations?
^{^} 'Proper' east and west in relation to Hodges' model [discuss]?